現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法講解

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法復(fù)習(xí)整理一、謂語部分結(jié)構(gòu)：助動詞have (has) +過去分詞過去分詞的構(gòu)成分規(guī)則的和不規(guī)則的，規(guī)則的與過去式的構(gòu)成方法一樣，不規(guī)則的只有單獨(dú)記了，無人能幫你。1. 肯定句：主語+ have( has) + 過去分詞+其它。2. 否定句：主語+ have( has)+ not+過去分詞+其它。have not=haven t has not=hasn t.3. 一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：Have( Has ) +主語+過去分詞+其它？4. 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+ have(has) +主語+過去分詞+其它？eg. He has already fini shed his homewo

2、rk.He hasn t finished his homework yet.Has he fini shed his homework yet?es, he has./ No, he hasn t.二、常搭配的時(shí)間狀語:already, yet, just, ever, never, in the past + 時(shí)間段，so far這幾個詞的位置除了 yet常在句尾外，其余的通常都在句中，即 have/has的后面，行為動詞的前面。但 already也可在肯定句尾， 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，在疑問句末尾表示驚訝等。eg. Has he fini shed his homework already?對他完成

3、了作業(yè)感至 U驚訝。另，before也可以與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用 eg. I ve ever been there before. It was ten years ago.三、常用用法1、表示過去發(fā)生或者已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或者結(jié)果。Eg.The doctor has left .（他現(xiàn)在不在這兒，找不到他了。）The students have cleaned the classroom.（現(xiàn)在教室是干凈的）I have just read the book.（現(xiàn)在我知道這本書的內(nèi)容了）比較：I read the book last month.（ 只是說明read這個動作是在 上個月

4、發(fā)生的而已，沒有談及對現(xiàn)在有什么影響）總結(jié)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是過去 發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或者結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況或者狀態(tài)，與過去沒有關(guān)系，不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。而一般過去 時(shí)只表示這動作是在過去某個時(shí)間發(fā)生的，或者說是過去某個時(shí)間發(fā) 生了某個動作而已，和現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。它就可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀 語連用，比如： yesterday, just now , last year , in 2000, some minu tes ago, the day before yesterday etc.I have seen the film already.

5、（現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)了解這部電影的內(nèi)容了，至于什么時(shí)候看的沒有關(guān)系，反正我已看過了。）I saw the film last year .（只是表示我是去年看的這部電影。）2、表示某個動作或者某個狀態(tài)從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）。這種可以和表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語連用，如since或者for.2、注意sin ce+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或者從句，而for + 一段時(shí)間。Si nee lastyear, since 1997, since 8 o clock ,since five days ago . for ten years , for an hour .對這類時(shí)間狀語提問要用 how long。W

6、e have bee n friends for many years.You have bee n stude nts since two years ago / si nee 2004./ for two years.How long have I taught you En glish ?I have taught you En glish since you came to the school.Mr Black has lived in Chi na si nee 2000.(從 2000 年至今還在中比較:Mr Black lived in China in 2000.( 反正 2

7、000 年在中國，到底 2000年后呢？不得而知）用si nee和for填空I. two years3. last month5. yesterday7. 4 hours9. we were childre nII. she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing13. I ve known him2. two years ago4. 19996. 4 o clock8. an hour ago10. lunch timethe year before last.we were childre n.14. Our teacher has studied Jap

8、a nesethree years.15. She has bee n away from the cityabout ten years.【現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較】 1. 一般過去時(shí)表示過去某 個時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。說話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)只是 陳述一件過去的事情，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對 現(xiàn)在”產(chǎn)生的影響。如：He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年參觀過桂林。（只說明去桂林的 時(shí)間）2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成了影響或產(chǎn)生了 結(jié)果。不與確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用。如：Jill has bought a new computer.吉爾買了一臺新電腦。

9、（著重點(diǎn)是現(xiàn) 在有了一臺新電腦）I have taught here for fiftee n years.我在這兒教書已經(jīng)十五年了。（表示十五年前的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會繼續(xù)）I taught here for a year.我過去在這兒教過一年書。（表示 我”現(xiàn)在 已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）Irregular VerbsBase FormPast FormPast Participlebearborebornbeatbeatbeatenbecomebecamebecomeblowblewblow nbringbroughtbroughtbuildbuiltbuiltbuyboughtbou

10、ghtcatchcaughtcaughtchoosechosechosencomecamecomedodiddonedrinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedriveneatateeate nfallfellfalle nfindfoundfoundflyflewflow ngetgotgotgivegavegive ngowentgonegrowgrewgrow nhavehadhadhearheardheardkeepkeptkeptleaveleftleftloselostlostmakemademadeputputputreadreadreadrunranrunsaysaid

11、saidseesawsee nsellsoldsoldsendsentsentsingsangsungsi nksank/sunksunktaketooktake nteachtaughttaughtwritewrotewroteam, iswasbee narewerebee nExercise:1. Fill in the bla nks with the proper form.I. 1already(see) the film. I(see) it last week.2. he(fin ish) his work today? Not yet.3. My fatherjust(com

12、e) back from work. He is tired now.4. Where s Li Ming ? He(go) to the teacher e. s offic5. I(work) here since I(move) here in 1999.6. So far I(make) quite a few friends here.7. How longthe Wangs(stay) here ? For two weeks.8. Ijust(fin ish) my homework.9. He(go) to school on foot every day.10. you(fi

13、nd) your scie nee book yet?11. Look! The mon key(climb) the tree.12. My mother(come) to see me n ext Sun day.15. Ive lost my pen.you(see) it any where?II. Rewrite the senten ces.1. I have been to Macau before.(改為否定句)Ibee n to Macau before.2. He hasn t come to schcbecause he was ill.(就劃線部分提問) he come

14、 to school?3. I bought a new bike just now.(用 just 改寫)Ijusta new bike.4. They have bee n here si nee 2000.(對劃線部分提問) have they bee n here?八.用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)填空：I. She s(live) here since she was ten.2. Both of them(be) in Hongkong for ten days.3. Both of them(come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. you(find) your watch yet?7. -Are you thirsty? -No Iust(have) some orange.8. Wealready(retur n) the book.9. they(build)