英語(yǔ)音標(biāo)發(fā)音規(guī)則表(共12頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上一、 音     標(biāo) 1、音素：音素是英語(yǔ)中最小的語(yǔ)音單位，英語(yǔ)中有48個(gè)音素，其中元音20個(gè)，輔音28個(gè)。2、音標(biāo)：是記錄音素的符號(hào)，用于區(qū)別字母，因而需加“  ”或“/  /”。3、48個(gè)音標(biāo)    4、開音節(jié)：以元音字母結(jié)尾或以輔音字母加不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單詞，叫開音節(jié)單詞。在開音節(jié)單詞中，元音字母發(fā)它本身的音。5、重音：讀單詞時(shí)總有一個(gè)響亮的音節(jié)叫重讀音節(jié)，以“”來標(biāo)記。6、句子重讀：一般原則：有句子重讀的是名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、感嘆詞等。關(guān)鍵性原則：在

2、一定場(chǎng)景下傳遞新信息的關(guān)鍵詞要重讀。7、連讀：同一句群中，前一詞以輔音音素結(jié)尾，后一詞以元音音素開頭，在語(yǔ)流中將這兩個(gè)音素合拼在一起讀，這種現(xiàn)象叫“連讀”。1、字母或字母組合在重讀音節(jié)或非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音A）元音字母在單詞中的讀音元音字母讀音說      明例          詞a/ei/在重讀開音節(jié)中name, make, plane, grade, cake, date, page, safe, face, gate/e/在ny前any, many,

3、 anyone, anything  在重讀閉音節(jié)中map, fat, sad, back, hand, catch, hat, bad, glad, black, thank, act  在w或wh后wash, want, watch, what  在s, ss, st前past, flash, last, glass, pass, class, basket  在w后偶爾發(fā)water  ar分開發(fā)音Mary, parent  在非重讀音節(jié)中another, along, aslee

4、p, away, among, around  在非重讀音節(jié)中village, comrade, palace 元音字母讀音說      明例          詞e  在重讀開音節(jié)中me, be, we, he, she, these, Chinese/e/在重讀閉音節(jié)中g(shù)et, rest, mend, next, left, then, help, wet, forget, dress, sell, spell&

5、#160; er分開發(fā)音zero  在非重讀音節(jié)中open, moment, September  在非重讀音節(jié)中ticket, begin, behind, cinema, betweeni(y)/ai/在重讀開音節(jié)中time, drive, ride, knife, wife, smile, why, sky, dry, try, fly, spy, July  在重讀閉音節(jié)中hit, ill, lift, kill, twin, drink, pick, ship, wind, thin, ship, physics 

6、 在重讀開音節(jié)中police, machine在非重讀音節(jié)中April, holiday, beautiful在非重讀音節(jié)中office, instead, finish, city, family, reallyo  在重讀開音節(jié)中g(shù)o, ago, nose, hope, whole, alone, hole, phone, smoke, joke  在重讀閉音節(jié)中clock, sock, shop, dog, cross, cock, bottle, knock, song, strong  在m, n, v, th前l(fā)ove,

7、son, some, mother, other   woman  在某些重讀開音節(jié)中move, lose, who, whose   one, once在非重讀音節(jié)中today, tomorrow, together, second在非重讀音節(jié)中onto, intou  在重讀音節(jié)中use, student, duty, excuse, music  在重讀閉音節(jié)中but, cut, up, nut, duck, luck, lunch, sunny在重讀閉音節(jié)中put, pull, push, ful

8、l在重讀開音節(jié)中June, ruler在個(gè)別單詞中busy, business在非重讀音節(jié)中August B）輔音字母在單詞中的讀音輔音字母讀音例詞輔音字母讀音例詞b/b/busp/p/mapc/s/niceq一般不單獨(dú)發(fā)音 /k/cupr/r/redd/d/days/s/yesf/f/fly/z/pleaseg   gate   sure  orange   usuallyh/h/het/t/catjjeepv/v/livek/k/kitew/w/wayl/l/latex/ks/nextm/m/my&#

9、160; examplen/n/niney/j/year   unclez/z/zero重點(diǎn)輔音字母讀音講解：n在單詞中的讀音n在一般情況下發(fā)/n/。如：kind, need, soon等。s在單詞中的讀音s在單詞開頭通常讀/s/。如：sit, stop等。s后面的輔音字母發(fā)清輔音時(shí)讀/s/。如：desk, past, question, mistake等。以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，s前的輔音字母發(fā)清輔音時(shí)，詞尾s讀/s/。如：clocks, shops等。ss在單詞中讀/s/。如pass, lesson等。s在兩個(gè)元音音素之間常讀/z/。如：music/mj

10、u:zik/, visit/vizit/等。加s構(gòu)成的復(fù)數(shù)名詞及單數(shù)第三人稱動(dòng)詞形式中，s前面為濁輔音或元音時(shí)，s讀/z/。如：bags, plays, blows, rulers等。C）元音字母組合在單詞中的讀音    這類字母組合通常有兩個(gè)元音字母組成，其中的元音字母組合有的只發(fā)一種音，有的發(fā)兩種或兩種以上的音。元音字母組合讀音說      明例          詞ea/i:/在重讀音節(jié)中team, clean, sea

11、, tea, east, cheap, easy, speak, season, read/e/在重讀音節(jié)中head, bread, ready, weather, health在重讀音節(jié)中idea, real, really/ei/在重讀音節(jié)中g(shù)reat, breakai/ei/在個(gè)別重讀音節(jié)詞中train, rain wait, waiter/e/在重讀音節(jié)中said, says/i/在非重讀音節(jié)中ee/i:/在重讀音節(jié)中see, bee, free, sheep, feel, meet, need, green, asleepey/ei/在重讀音節(jié)中they, hey, obey（遵守）

12、/i:/在個(gè)別重讀音節(jié)詞中key/i/在非重讀音節(jié)中monkey, moneyeo/i:/在重讀音節(jié)中peopleei/i:/在重讀音節(jié)中receive/risi:v/（收到）/ei/在字母組合eigh中eight, eighteen, weighou  在重讀音節(jié)中g(shù)round, round, around, out, mouse, blouse  在重讀音節(jié)中young, country, touch, enough, double/u:/在個(gè)別重讀音節(jié)詞中g(shù)roup  在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞中could, should, wouldue/u:/e不發(fā)音blue

13、/e/u不發(fā)音guess 元音字母組合讀音說      明例          詞oo/u:/詞尾或詞中zoo, soon, food, cool, tooth, noon, fool在k或d前cook, look, took, good, foot, wood在l和d之間oa在重讀音節(jié)中coat, goat, boatoy在重讀音節(jié)中boy, enjoy, joy, toyoi在重讀音節(jié)中toilet, oil（油）ie/e/i不發(fā)音frien

14、d/i:/在重讀音節(jié)中field, piece, thief（賊）在個(gè)別單詞中quiet/ai/在詞尾lie, die, tieau在重讀音節(jié)中autumn, daughter, August在個(gè)別重讀音節(jié)詞中auntay/ei/在重讀音節(jié)中today, away, stay, may, say, play/i/在非重讀音節(jié)中Monday, Sundayui/u:/在重讀音節(jié)中fruitoe/u:/位于詞尾shoeio在重讀音節(jié)中pioneeruy/ai/重讀音節(jié)，詞尾buyye/ai/重讀音節(jié)，詞尾byeD)輔音字母組合在單詞中的讀音    這類字母組合通常有兩

15、個(gè)輔音字母組成，大部分輔音字母組合只有一種讀音，有少數(shù)輔音字母組合有兩種或兩種以上讀音。輔音字母組合讀音說      明例          詞ch  大部分單詞中which, lunch, chair, China, teach/k/在少數(shù)單詞中school, chemistry/kemistri/（化學(xué)）  在個(gè)別單詞中machineck/k/一般位于詞尾clock, back, black輔音字母組合讀音說 &

16、#160;    明例          詞ng  在詞尾sing, song, bring, seeing  在詞中English, hungry, angry, strongersh在詞首、詞中或詞尾shall, fishing, finish, washph/f/一般在詞首phone, photo, physics/fiziks/（物理）wh/h/后為o時(shí)who, whose, whole /w/后為其它元音字母時(shí)when, wh

17、ich, why, wheregh/f/一般在詞尾laugh, enough, coughth  在詞尾或以th開頭的名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞中both, tooth, fifth, south, thing, think, thick, third/ð/在ther中及代詞、冠詞、連詞或副詞中another, feather, them, with, than, thenwr/r/在詞首write, wrong, writerkn/n/在詞首tch   catch, match, watchdr/dr/一般位于詞首drive, dry, dre

18、ss, drinktr/tr/一般位于詞首tree, truck, train, trousersds/dz/一般在詞尾beds, finds, handsts/ts/一般在詞尾students, lets, boats, cats, wantsE)元、輔音字母組合在單詞中的讀音    這類字母組合有兩類：一類是一個(gè)或兩個(gè)元音字母與r組合，構(gòu)成-r音節(jié)或-re音節(jié)。這是主要一類元輔音字母組合。另一類是一個(gè)元音字母與除r以外的某個(gè)輔音字母組合。這類元輔音字母組合數(shù)量很少。元、輔音字母組合讀音說    明例  

19、0;          詞ar  重讀音節(jié)中far, park, card, party, hard, start, March, farther, hardly（幾乎不）在w后warm, war, warn(警告), quarter  非重讀音節(jié)中popular, similarer  重讀音節(jié)中her, term, certainly, prefer非重讀音節(jié)中farmer, worker, writer, letter, waiter

20、60;元、輔音字母組合讀 音說     明例         詞ir重讀音節(jié)中g(shù)irl, shirt, first, third, bird, dirtyor重讀音節(jié)中short, sport, horse, born, north在w后work, word, world, worse, worst非重讀音節(jié)q中doctor, visitor（游客）ur重讀音節(jié)中turn, hurt（受傷），Thursday, purple, purseare  重讀音節(jié)中care

21、, careful, hareear,     重讀音節(jié)中near, hear, clear, dear, nearly重讀音節(jié)中early, earth, learn, heard   少數(shù)詞中tear, pear, bear(熊)  個(gè)別詞中heartere重讀音節(jié)中where, there重讀音節(jié)中hereore重讀音節(jié)中before, more, scoreire 重讀音節(jié)中tired, hire(雇用)，fire（火）eer重讀音節(jié)中deer（鹿），pioneerure  重讀音節(jié)中s

22、ure非重讀音節(jié)中pleasure, picture, treasure(財(cái)寶)eir  重讀音節(jié)中theirair重讀音節(jié)中chair, hair, pair, fair(金色的)our重讀音節(jié)中four, fourth, course, pour(倒；灌注) 重讀音節(jié)中hour非重讀音節(jié)中colouroor一般讀door, floor個(gè)別詞中pooral一般讀call, walk, talk, tall, small 以al開頭的副詞also, always, already, almost個(gè)別詞中half 元、輔音字母組合讀 音說 

23、60;   明例         詞ow  重讀或非重讀音節(jié)中slow, blow, show, snow, throw, window, yellow,borrow,tomorrow  重讀音節(jié)中now, how, cow, down, brownew      一般讀/ju:/few, knew, news, newspaper  不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式中threw, drew, flew, grew個(gè)別詞中

24、sew(縫紉)tion   一般讀station, dictionary, operation   在s后questionaw     重讀音節(jié)中draw, law（法律）dge     只有g(shù)發(fā)音bridge, fridge, judge（法官）igh     只有i發(fā)音light, night, bright, fight, highough只有ou發(fā)音bought, brought, thoughtaugh只有au發(fā)音d

25、aughter, taught, caughtind 三個(gè)字母都發(fā)音kind, find, mind, behindold 三個(gè)字母都發(fā)音sold, told, cold, holdF)不發(fā)音的字母和字母組合    英語(yǔ)單詞的讀音和拼寫形式雖然聯(lián)系緊密，但并不是完全對(duì)應(yīng)的，有很多單詞中的某一字母或幾個(gè)字母不發(fā)音。單詞不發(fā)音的字母中，既有元音字母或字母組合，也有輔音字母或字母組合。不發(fā)音的字母或字母組合給拼寫單詞帶來了一定的困難，但也不是無規(guī)律可循的。請(qǐng)看下表：不發(fā)音的字母或字母組合說     

26、明例         詞e以e結(jié)尾的相對(duì)開音節(jié)詞中rice, noseo構(gòu)成成音節(jié)的-son中l(wèi)esson, season, personugu在詞首時(shí)guessea在個(gè)別詞中beautifuluegue在詞尾時(shí)dialogue, league 不發(fā)音的字母或字母組合說      明例         詞b在詞尾且其前面為字母m時(shí)climb, tomb/tu:m/墳?zāi)筭詞尾為g

27、n時(shí)sign, foreignkkn在詞開頭時(shí)know, knifenmn在詞尾時(shí)autumngh在i, ou, au后面時(shí)light, night, thought, daughterl在ould或個(gè)別含al的詞中could, would, halfc在含tch的詞中catch, watch, matchd在含dge的詞中bridge, fridgewwr位于詞首時(shí)write, wrong其它ss, rr, ff, mm只發(fā)一個(gè)字母的音lesson, worry, bell, office, swim-ming answer,hour,island,Wednesday含同一種讀音的

28、字母和字母組合A)按元音音素歸納元 音字母及字母組合例  詞元 音字母及字母組合例  詞ebeqq         itwinetheseiliveeesheepeEnglisheateamowomeniepieceubusyipolicemanysydneyeopeopleuibuildeykey        aglad/e/erestahaveeahead/u:/uruleriefriendomoveamanyueblu

29、e 元 音字母及字母組合例  詞元 音字母及字母組合例  詞      afast/u:/oofoodarparkougroupalhalfuifruitearheartoeshoeauauntewgrew   usunny        ufullocomeowomanouyoungoocook   awateroucouldaltalk        ermotherorshortordoctororebeforearpopularourfour