2012屆高三英語書面表達(dá)專項(xiàng)講義

1、2012屆高三英語書面表達(dá)專項(xiàng)講義高考評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)李慶友一、高考評(píng)分基本要求1. 大多數(shù)按5個(gè)檔次給分。2. 評(píng)分時(shí), 先根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次, 然后以該檔次的要求來衡量, 確定或調(diào)整檔次, 最后給分。3. 詞數(shù)少于或多于所規(guī)定的詞數(shù)20詞, 從總分中減去2分。4. 評(píng)分時(shí), 應(yīng)注意的主要內(nèi)容為：內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)、應(yīng)用詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)量和準(zhǔn)確性、上下文的連貫性及語言的得體性。5. 拼寫與標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是語言準(zhǔn)確性的一個(gè)方面, 評(píng)分時(shí), 應(yīng)視其對(duì)交際的影響程度予以考慮。英、美拼寫或詞匯用法均可接受。6. 如書寫較差, 以至影響交際, 將分?jǐn)?shù)降低一個(gè)檔次。7. 內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)可用不同方式表達(dá), 對(duì)緊扣

2、主題的適當(dāng)發(fā)揮不予扣分。二、各檔次的給分范圍和要求第五檔（很好21-25分）1. 完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。2. 覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。3. 應(yīng)用了較多的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。4. 語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面有些錯(cuò)誤, 但為盡力使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)較高級(jí)詞匯所致；具備較強(qiáng)的語言運(yùn)用能力。5. 有效地使用了語句間的連接成分, 使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。6. 完全達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。第四檔（好16-20分）1. 完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。2. 雖漏掉一兩個(gè)次重點(diǎn), 但覆蓋所有主要內(nèi)容。3. 應(yīng)用的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯能滿足任務(wù)的要求。4. 語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面應(yīng)用基本準(zhǔn)確, 些許錯(cuò)誤主要是因嘗試較復(fù)雜語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯所致。5. 應(yīng)用簡單的

3、語句間的連接成分, 使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。6. 達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。第三檔（適當(dāng)11-15分）1. 基本完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。2. 雖漏掉一些內(nèi)容, 但覆蓋所有主要內(nèi)容。3. 應(yīng)用的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯能滿足任務(wù)的要求。4. 有一些語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤, 但不影響理解。5. 應(yīng)用簡單的語句間的連接成分, 使全文內(nèi)容連貫。6. 整體而言, 基本達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。第二檔（較差6-10分）1. 未恰當(dāng)完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。2. 漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要內(nèi)容, 寫了一些無關(guān)內(nèi)容。3. 語法結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào)、詞匯項(xiàng)目有限。4. 有一些語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤, 影響了對(duì)寫作內(nèi)容的理解。5. 較少使用語句間的連接成分

4、, 內(nèi)容缺少連貫性。6. 信息未能清楚地傳達(dá)給讀者。第一檔（差1-5分） 1. 未完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。2. 明顯遺漏主要內(nèi)容, 寫了一些無關(guān)內(nèi)容, 原因可能是未理解試題要求。3. 語法結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào)、詞匯項(xiàng)目有限。4. 較多語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤, 影響對(duì)寫作內(nèi)容的理解。5. 缺乏語句間的連接成分, 內(nèi)容不連貫。6. 信息未能傳達(dá)給讀者。不得分（0分）未能傳達(dá)給讀者任何信息：內(nèi)容太少, 無法評(píng)判；寫的內(nèi)容均與所要求內(nèi)容無關(guān)或所寫內(nèi)容無法看清。高考評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解讀一、如何理解“應(yīng)用了較多的詞匯”? 這里所說的“應(yīng)用了較多的詞匯”, 是指詞匯使用的多樣性, 如詞性的多樣性、高級(jí)詞匯的使用、同義詞與反義詞的

5、使用、短語的使用等。1. 詞性的多樣性 眾所周知, 英語中大多數(shù)的單詞含有不止一種詞性, 有的需要利用構(gòu)詞法進(jìn)行詞性轉(zhuǎn)換, 而其中個(gè)別詞性是我們熟知熟用的。如若轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種方式用另一種詞性的形式來表達(dá), 就更顯得多樣了。這樣就擺脫了千人一面的窘境, 會(huì)給閱卷老師耳目一新的感覺。如： increase steadily(平穩(wěn)地增加) experience a steady increase decrease sharply(大減) undergo a sharp decrease Its very helpful. (它幫助很大。) It helps a lot. /It is of great

6、 help. 2. 高級(jí)詞匯的使用 評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)第五檔次的要求中提到, “語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面有些許錯(cuò)誤, 但為盡力使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯所致”。這里所說的“高級(jí)詞匯”, 指的是大綱中有但課本中出現(xiàn)的頻率不高而實(shí)際中經(jīng)常用到, 或大綱中沒有列入或沒有識(shí)記要求, 但在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中卻出現(xiàn)比較頻繁的詞匯(包括短語), 比如make sense, cope with, make a difference, frustration, cute, awkward, awfully, pessimistic, traditionally, individual等, 都可以算作是“高級(jí)詞匯”?？忌裟芮‘?dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用此

7、類詞匯, 定會(huì)給評(píng)卷老師留下深刻的印象。如：Your efforts will be very important.Your efforts will make a great difference.你的努力很重要。It is wise to buy an up-to-date version. It makes sense to buy an up-to-date version.買一本最新的版本是明智的。He had to solve all the problems himself. He had to cope with all the problems himself.他只好自己解決

8、所有的問題。溫馨提示生詞、長詞未必就是高級(jí)詞匯。用一些連閱卷老師都不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞, 不會(huì)為你的文章帶來高分的。3. 同義詞的使用 善用同義詞是優(yōu)秀作文的一大特點(diǎn)。在英語中, 有些詞或詞組的使用頻率相當(dāng)高, 比如good, interesting, clever等, 在表達(dá)時(shí)大家都很喜歡用, 這樣很容易使文章落入俗套。但如果我們能夠恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂盟鼈兿鄳?yīng)的同義詞或同義詞組. 就可以做到與眾不同, 給平淡的文章增添亮色, 給評(píng)卷者帶來清新的感覺。如： more and more people越來越多的人an increasing number of people attractive吸引人的appeali

9、ng/inviting/fascinating more and more important越來越重要increasingly significant It will be very interesting. 將會(huì)非常有趣。It will be a lot of fun. He is a clever boy. 他是個(gè)聰明的孩子。He is a bright/a smart/an intelligent boy. so因此therefore/because of this/in this way/for this reason in fact事實(shí)上as a matter of fact/ac

10、tually/in truth want to do想做intend to do/desire to do/ be eager to do/be crazy about doing cause導(dǎo)致, 引起result in/lead to/bring about I think我認(rèn)為in my(personal)opinion/as far as I know/I have to. say/personally Youd better你最好You may as well/You are supposed to have a good time過得很愉快have a lot of fun/enj

11、oy oneself4. 恰當(dāng)利用短語取代單詞 單詞的合理運(yùn)用是優(yōu)秀作文的基本要素, 而恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用短語清楚、連貫地傳遞信息更能增添句子的文采. 顯示出作者的功力。如：Suddenly I had a good idea. Suddenly I came up with a good idea.A good idea came upon me.All of a sudden a good idea occurred to me. 我突然有了一個(gè)好主意。I tried hard to understand what was happening. I tried hard to figure out

12、 what was going on. 我努力想弄清楚正在發(fā)生的事情。He began to realize the importance of English study. He came to be aware of the importance of English study. 他開始意識(shí)到學(xué)習(xí)英語的重要性。He refused to listen to his father. He turned a deaf ear to his father. 他不聽他父親的話。二、如何理解“應(yīng)用了較多的語法結(jié)構(gòu)”? “較多的語法結(jié)構(gòu)”就是指句式結(jié)構(gòu)的多樣性。 毋庸置疑, 單調(diào)的句式和結(jié)構(gòu)、長度相

13、近的句子會(huì)使文章呆板單調(diào)、缺乏生氣和活力, 而靈活多變的句式則使行文豐富多彩. 生動(dòng)、自然、流暢。感嘆句、倒裝句、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、定語從句、非謂語動(dòng)詞短語等語法結(jié)構(gòu)的正確使用, 可以使文章的語言充滿層次感, 從而較好地反映出作者的語言運(yùn)用能力。1. 長短句變換：簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句交替運(yùn)用 長句表述具體、說理嚴(yán)密, 長于論述推理；短句簡潔明快、精煉扼要、明白易懂, 長于描述動(dòng)作、表明主旨、總結(jié)歸納。既然各有所長, 在寫作時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際需要, 交替使用簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句, 以達(dá)到“長短錯(cuò)落有致, 句式豐富多樣”的效果, 給閱卷老師以新鮮感。 (1)復(fù)合句與并列句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換If you s

14、tudy hard, youll make great progress. Study hard and youll make great progress. 如果你努力學(xué)習(xí), 你會(huì)取得很大進(jìn)步的。I have to study harder, or I shall not catch up with my classmates. I have to study harder and harder in order that I can catch up with my classmates. 我不得不更加用功地學(xué)習(xí), 否則我就趕不上我的同學(xué)們。If you dont start off ea

15、rly, youll be late for the first bus. Start off early or youll be late for the first bus. 如果你不早一點(diǎn)動(dòng)身, 你就趕不上首班車了。 (2)并列句與簡單句之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換 Tom is very young and he cant go to school. Tom is too young to go to school. 湯姆太小, 不能上學(xué)。She wanted to meet her parents at the station, so she got up early. She got up ve

16、ry early to meet her parents at the station. 她很早起床以便去車站接她的父母。The football match had to be delayed, for it was raining heavily.The football match had to be delayed because of the heavy rain. 足球賽延期舉行, 因?yàn)樘煺轮辍?She wanted to become a college student, so she studied hard. She studied hard so as to becom

17、e a college student. 她想成為一名大學(xué)生, 因此學(xué)習(xí)很用功。溫馨提示：非謂語動(dòng)詞短語可以變復(fù)合句為簡單句, 產(chǎn)生簡潔明快、節(jié)奏緊湊、表意靈巧的效果： 名詞性從句與非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)化That he had won the game delighted his parents. His winning the game delighted his parents. 他贏得了比賽, 這讓他的父母很高興。I have not decided whether I should accept it or not. I have not decided whether or not t

18、o accept it. 我還沒有決定是否接受。 定語從句與非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)化 The man (who is) standing at the gate is my English teacher. 站在門口的那人是我的英語老師。 The car (that was) repaired yesterday by him is my mothers. 他昨天修的那輛車是我媽媽的。 狀語從句與非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)化After he had done his homework, he began to play computer games. Having done his homework, h

19、e began to play computer games. 做完作業(yè)后, 他開始玩電腦游戲。Because l was worried about the time available, I made a detailed list of what I had to do that day.Worried about the time available, I made a detailed list of what I had to do that day. 因擔(dān)心時(shí)間不夠用, 我就把我那天要做的事列了一個(gè)詳細(xì)清單。Because I do not know what to do nex

20、t, I want to ask for your advice. Not knowing what to do next, I want to ask for your advice. 由于我不知道下一步該怎么做, 我想請你提提建議。I spoke slowly and clearly in order that the audience could understand me. In order for the audience to understand me, . 為了讓觀眾能夠聽懂我的話, 我說得又慢又清楚。If we are united, we stand; if we are

21、divided, we fail. United, we stand; divided, we fail. 團(tuán)結(jié)則存, 分裂則亡。Though he has lived in Canada for three years, he still cannot speak English well. Having lived in Canada for three years, he still cannot speak English well. 盡管在加拿大生活3年了, 他還是說不好英語。2. 主動(dòng)式和被動(dòng)式的交替使用Today, we use computers not only in our

22、 work but in our everyday life as well. Today computers are widely used not only in our work but in our everyday life as well. 如今, 我們不僅在工作的時(shí)候用電腦, 在我們的日常生活中我們也用電腦。Some people believe that it will be possible for man to live on another planet in the future. It is believed by some people that it will b

23、e possible for man to live on another planet in the future. 有些人認(rèn)為, 將來人類有可能生活在另一個(gè)行星上。3. 肯定式與否定式的交替使用I shall go there if it doesnt rain. I shall go there unless it rains. 要是不下雨, 我就去那兒。I will try my best not to let them down. Ill try my best to live up to their expectations. 我會(huì)努力不辜負(fù)他們的期望的。He didnt pass

24、 the exam. He failed the exam. 他沒有通過考試。Their daily lives dont provide them with the exercise needed to keep them healthy. Their daily lives fail to provide them with the exercise needed to keep them healthy. 他們的日常生活不能使他們進(jìn)行保持健康所需要的運(yùn)動(dòng)。4. 某些插入語或修飾成分既可以用在句子前面也可以用在后面, 還可以用在中間。 She sometimes comes late. S

25、ometimes she comes late. She comes late sometimes. 有時(shí)她來得晚。In fact, speaking is one of the most important means of communication. Speaking is, in fact, one of the most important means of communication. 實(shí)際上, 講話是最重要的交際方式之一。Therefore, measures should be taken to deal with this.Measures, therefore, shoul

26、d be taken to deal with this. 因此, 我們應(yīng)該采取措施對(duì)此做出處理。5. 正常語序和倒裝語序的交替使用My village lies east of the river. East of the river lies my village.我的村莊坐落在河的東邊。We did not realize the importance of environmental protection until the 1980s. Not until the 1980s did we realize the importance of environmental protect

27、ion. 直到20世紀(jì)80年代我們才認(rèn)識(shí)到環(huán)保的重要性。We can achieve success in this way. Only in this way can we achieve success. 只有這樣我們才能取得成功。If I had worked hard at school, my life today would be quite different. Had l worked hard at school, my life today would be quite different. 如果我上學(xué)時(shí)努力學(xué)習(xí), 我今天的生活會(huì)完全是另一個(gè)樣子。6. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型等固定句型的

28、合理運(yùn)用 How is it that we can improve our English? 到底我們怎么才能提高我們的英語水平呢? It wont be long before all the forests are destroyed if this goes on. 如果繼續(xù)下去的話。用不了多久所有這些森林都會(huì)被毀掉。 It was my teacher who taught me how to be a real man. 是我的老師教會(huì)我怎樣做一個(gè)真正的男子漢。 It is five years since he returned to his hometown. 他回到家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)5

29、年了。溫馨提示 語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的多樣性必須建立在語言的準(zhǔn)確性的基礎(chǔ)上。語言的準(zhǔn)確性是寫作得分的基本保障, 語言的準(zhǔn)確性和語法結(jié)構(gòu)及詞匯的多樣性直接決定了我們的最終得分。那么, 如何提高自己語法結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞的多樣性呢? 首先, 找出你近期寫過的所有作文, 你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有些詞匯在你寫過的文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn), 比如：good, more and more, I think. because, although, important等。你要做的第二步就是想辦法用不一樣的詞語和表達(dá)來替換你經(jīng)常重復(fù)的這些詞匯。關(guān)于句型. 你也會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你的文章中可能經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一類句型, 比如有的同學(xué)擅長用定語從句, 他的所有文章都是由簡

30、單句和定語從句寫成的。像這種情況. 請你想辦法在你的作文當(dāng)中加入非謂語動(dòng)詞、狀語從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句, It is adj. that等句式。這個(gè)過程需要同學(xué)們勤于動(dòng)腦、多思多悟。 需要特別強(qiáng)調(diào)的是, 這樣的工作只能是同學(xué)們自己來做, 因?yàn)槊總€(gè)人都有自己的思路和常用慣用的詞匯句式。只有通過你自己的總結(jié)、整理、積累和運(yùn)用, 你在臨場發(fā)揮的時(shí)候才能避免生搬硬套。才能做到運(yùn)用自如。三、如何理解“上下文的連貫性” 評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指出, 書面表達(dá)應(yīng)該注意“上下文的連貫性”, 并能“有效地使用語句間的連接成分, 使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊”。此處所說的連貫性, 是指段與段、句與句之間以一種明晰的、合乎邏輯的順序組織與安排,

31、 做到在文意與結(jié)構(gòu)上層次分明, 條理清楚, 連貫流暢。1. 整體謀篇。合理布局全國各地英語高考試題雖不盡相同。但都需要首先正確理解和把握題目要求以及情景需要, 確定好文體后對(duì)整個(gè)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的布局、每一部分內(nèi)容所占的比例了然于心。 開頭部分(opening) 說出文中要敘說的中心問題。 正文部分(body) 圍繞主題開展敘述或討論。 結(jié)尾部分(conclusion)對(duì)全文進(jìn)行總結(jié)和概括。2. 確定主題句 主題句是文章的主旨, 它能起到“畫龍點(diǎn)睛”的作用。它通常出現(xiàn)在文章的開頭, 而后, 全文對(duì)主題句所提出的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋、擴(kuò)展。在確定主題句前, 應(yīng)首先根據(jù)寫作要求, 列出你要寫的文章的要點(diǎn), 然后從

32、中提煉出一句具有概括性的話, 即文章的主題句。主題句應(yīng)力求句子完整、語法正確, 具有吸引力和可讀性。3. 拓展主題句, 注意連貫與流暢主題句僅僅是文章的主旨和大意, 要使文章變得有血有肉就要展開主題句, 并考慮如何組織安排語句, 用一些銜接手段使句子與句子、語段與語段之間建立起各種各樣的語意關(guān)系, 并使整個(gè)語篇在意義上具有連貫性。銜接手段主要包括使用過渡詞銜接、巧用詞匯和語法等幾個(gè)方面。其中, 正確使用過渡詞或過渡句是最常用的手段, 它能使文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、自然流暢、富有節(jié)奏。文章段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系主要由過渡詞來完成，在修辭中稱為啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合?！皢ⅰ本褪情_頭, “承”是承接，“轉(zhuǎn)”是轉(zhuǎn)折，“合”

33、是綜合或總結(jié)。(1)用于“啟”的過渡詞語或過渡性的語句通常用在段落或文章的開頭：now, nowadays, at present, currently, in recent years, recently, lately, in general, generally speaking, first, first of all, at first, in the first place, firstly, to begin with, to start with,It is often said that, As a proverb goes, It goes without saying t

34、hat, It is clear/obvious that, Many people often ask (2)用于“承”的過渡詞語或過渡性的語句通常用在段落中的第一個(gè)擴(kuò)展句中：second, similarly, in addition, besides, then, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what is worse, for example, for instance, certainly, surely, obviously, in other words, especially, particularly, in particular

35、, indeed, still, third, truly, in fact, at the same time, no doubt，It is true that,Everybody knows that,It can be easily proved that,No one can deny thatThe reason why is that ,There is no doubt that,To takefor an example/instance,We know that,What is more serious is that(3)用于“轉(zhuǎn)”的過渡詞語或過渡性的語句通常用在段落中的

36、第二個(gè)擴(kuò)展句中：but, however, nevertheless, whereas, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast, in any case, at any rate(無論如何), otherwise, or, or else, while, despite, in spite of ., yet, instead,I do not believe that,Perhaps youll ask whyThis may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to,Th

37、ough we are in basic agreement with , yet differences will be found, Thats why I feel thatWhen it comes to,(4)用于“合”的過渡詞語或過渡性的語句通常用在段落的結(jié)論句或文章的結(jié)論段中：in general, in short, above all, after all, generally speaking，to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary, therefore, as a result, above all,

38、thus, after all(畢竟), eventually, hence, in short, in conclusion, in a word, in sum(總之), on the whole(就整體而言)From this point of view, On account of this we can find that The result is dependent on Thus, this is the reason why we must All in all/In a word總而言之 In conclusion/To conclude/To sum up綜上所述 In

39、my personal opinion, 在我自己看來 In brief簡言之 Obviously顯然 Thus, it can be concluded that.因此, 我們可以得知. Therefore, we can conclude.因此, 我們可以得出結(jié)論.4. 文末結(jié)論, 首尾呼應(yīng) 文章的結(jié)尾常用來概括全文內(nèi)容, 進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)或肯定文章的中心思想, 使文章意義表述得更加明晰、深刻, 也使文章首尾呼應(yīng)、結(jié)構(gòu)完整、連貫自然。用于結(jié)論段的常用語見上文。有的學(xué)生在作文中使用過多簡單句，成了簡單句堆砌；有的寫復(fù)雜句時(shí)，動(dòng)輒用so， and，then，but，or，however，yet等非但

40、達(dá)不到豐富表達(dá)方式的目的，反而使句子結(jié)構(gòu)松散、呆板。為了避免這種現(xiàn)象，可以通過使用不同的過渡詞,不僅能夠豐富句型，而且還能夠把思想表達(dá)得更清楚，意義更連貫。四、如何理解“語言的得體性” 評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中對(duì)考生所要求的“語言得體性”, 就是要求考生在表達(dá)時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)說話的對(duì)象、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、場合等選擇使用恰當(dāng)?shù)挠⒄Z語言, 尤其是不同體裁和題材的文章對(duì)用語方面有著不同的要求。比如, 在口頭通知中常使用“Attention, please. ” “May I have your attention, please?I will tell you a piece of good news. ”但在書面通知中此類句

41、子就不得體。又比如, 在議論文中我們常用Therefore, we can safely draw a conclusion that, 但是, 要是在日記中貿(mào)然使用該句型, 則會(huì)使文章不倫不類、很不自然。五、如何理解“緊扣主題的適當(dāng)發(fā)揮” 在高考評(píng)分基本要求中談到, “內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)可用不同方式表達(dá), 對(duì)緊扣主題的適當(dāng)發(fā)揮不予扣分?！彼^“緊扣主題的適當(dāng)發(fā)揮”, 就是指圍繞所給情景, 在合乎情理、合乎規(guī)范、力所能及的前提下添加一些要點(diǎn)中沒有提及的信息。請看2009年全國卷I高考作文的范文：Mrs. Wilson, Im going shopping, and wont be back until

42、about 5:00 pm. I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return to the City Library. At about l o'clock this afternoon, Tracy called, saying that she couldnt meet you at Bolton Coffee tomorrow morning as she has something important to attend to. She felt very sorry about that, but said

43、that you could set some other time for the meeting. She wanted you to call her back as soon as you are home. She has already told Susan about this change. 本文黑體部分均為作者適當(dāng)發(fā)揮的地方, 都是對(duì)所給信息的稍加擴(kuò)展。這些內(nèi)容的添加, 使得文章的句子結(jié)構(gòu)更加復(fù)雜, 文章內(nèi)容更加豐富。然而, 信息的添加必須緊扣主題, 不能信馬由韁、旁逸斜出, 否則會(huì)增加一些出錯(cuò)的幾率, 效果將會(huì)適得其反, 降低得分檔次。高考英語作文中最常引用的名言名句1.

44、Success lies in hard work while failure often results from laziness. 成功在于勤奮而失敗往往起因于懶惰。2. Hard work can lead to success while laziness will result in failure. 勤奮可引向成功而懶惰會(huì)導(dǎo)致失敗。3. Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。4. God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。5. One false step will make a g

45、reat difference. 失之毫厘, 謬之千里。6. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.世上無難事, 只怕有心人。7. More haste, less speed. 欲速則不達(dá)。8. Rome was not built in a day. 偉業(yè)非一日之功。9. Well begun, half done. 好的開始等于成功的一半。10. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. 千里之行始于足下。11. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。

46、12. Its never too old to learn. 活到老, 學(xué)到老。13. Fortune favors the prepared mind. 好運(yùn)總是垂青那些有準(zhǔn)備的人。14. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍, 聰明孩子也變傻。15. Look before you leap. 三思而后行。16. A fall into the pit, again in your wit. 吃一塹, 長一智。17. Experience is the mother of wisdom. 實(shí)踐出真知。18. Action s

47、peaks louder than words. 行動(dòng)勝過語言。19. Facts speak plainer than words. 事實(shí)勝于雄辯。20. Easier said than done. 說起來容易做起來難。21. It is hard to please all. 眾口難調(diào)。22. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患難見真情。23. Do as Romans do in Rome. 入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。24. Every little bit helps. 滴水匯成河。25. Live not to eat, but eat to live.

48、活著不是為了吃飯, 吃飯為了活著。26. East or west, home is the best. 金窩銀窩不如自家草窩。27. Its not the gay coat that makes the gentleman. 君子在德不在衣。28. As the tree, so the fruit. 種瓜得瓜, 種豆得豆。29. To live is to learn; to learn is to better live. 活著為了學(xué)習(xí), 學(xué)習(xí)為了更好的活著。30. Man is not made for defeat. 人不是為失敗而生的。31. Better to do well

49、than to say well. 說得好不如做得好。32. Self-trust is the first secret of success. 自信是成功的首要秘訣。33. Reading enriches the mind. 開卷有益。34. All roads lead to Rome. 條條道路通羅馬。35. Better to rely on yourself than to go to others for help. 求人不如求己。36. In every adversity there lies the seed of an equivalent advantage. In

50、every defeat there is a lesson showing you how to win the victory next time. 37. Opportunities are usually disguised as hard work, so most people don't recognize them. 38. In the middle of difficulty lies opportunity. 39. Those who aim at great deeds must suffer greatly. 40. There is no substitu

51、te for hard work. 41. Success is the sum of small efforts, repeated day in and day out. 42. You'll learn more about a road by traveling it than by consulting all the maps in the world. 43. The strong do what they will. The weak do what they must. 44. Talent is God given. Be Humble. Fame is man g

52、iven. Be Thankful. Conceit is self given. Be Careful. 45. No one knows what he can do till he tries. 46. There is nothing so easy but that it becomes difficult when you do it reluctantly. 47. An optimist sees an opportunity in every calamity; a pessimist sees a calamity in every opportunity. 48. Not

53、hing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm. 49. Few things are impossible to diligence and skill. 50. Lost time is never found again. 51. Failure is only the opportunity to more intelligently begin again. 52. In the long run men hit only what they aim at. 53. Genius is one percent inspiration a

54、nd ninety-nine percent perspiration. 常見同義詞歸納解決：solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, tackle損害：damage, hurt, injure, harm給與：give, offer, provide, supply培養(yǎng)：develop, cultivate, foster優(yōu)勢：advantage, virtue, benefit, , strength缺陷：disadvantage, drawback, weakness使迷惑：puzzle, confuse重要的：key, crucial,

55、 critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative認(rèn)為：think, believe, insist, maintain, conclude, hold, argue, be firmly convinced 保護(hù)：protect, conserve, preserve確保：assure, ensure, guarantee有害的：bad, harmful要求 ：request, demand, needs, requisition消除 ：eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away, wipe out導(dǎo)致：lead to, bring about, result in, cause, give rise to因此：so, therefore, thus, consequently, as a consequence, in consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this增長至：