英語構(gòu)詞法對(duì)語法填空的解題幫助Word文檔

1、英語構(gòu)詞法對(duì)語法填空的解題協(xié)助英語詞匯的構(gòu)成有一定的規(guī)律和法則，這種造詞的方法我們叫做“構(gòu)詞法”。掌握一定的構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)，能夠降低閱讀中的生詞量，使閱讀更流暢。當(dāng)然，構(gòu)詞法也能對(duì)我們的高考新題型語法填空產(chǎn)生極大的協(xié)助，所以小編就為同學(xué)們整理了一些對(duì)我們答題有所協(xié)助的常用構(gòu)詞法及解題技巧，希望能夠?qū)ν瑢W(xué)們有所協(xié)助。三種主要構(gòu)詞法英語主要有三種構(gòu)詞法，即轉(zhuǎn)化法、合成法和派生法。1. 轉(zhuǎn)化法就是把一個(gè)詞從一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞類。如:You can water the flowers with dirty water. 你能夠用臟水澆花。說明:第一個(gè)water是動(dòng)詞（澆水），第二個(gè)water是名詞（水

2、）2. 合成法就是把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞結(jié)合成一個(gè)新詞。如:Few people realized that dustmen were doing an important job.很少有人意識(shí)到清潔工人的工作非常重要。說明:dustman（清潔工）由dust和man兩個(gè)單詞合成，dustmen是其復(fù)數(shù)形式。3. 派生法就是將一個(gè)單詞附加前綴或后綴，變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)新單詞。前綴附加在單詞前面，一般不改變?cè)~的詞類，但會(huì)引起詞義的變化。后綴附加在單詞后面，一般不改變?cè)~的基本含義，但會(huì)引起詞類的變化。如:We think it impossible to finish the work on time.我

3、們認(rèn)為不可能按時(shí)完成這個(gè)任務(wù)。說明:impossible就是在詞根possible前面加上前綴im-后構(gòu)成的一個(gè)派生詞。詞根possible(可能的)和派生詞impossible(不可能的)都是形容詞，詞類沒變，詞義變了。My grandpa looks very healthy. 我爺爺看起來很健康。說明:healthy就是在詞根health后加上后綴-y構(gòu)成的派生詞。health(健康)是名詞，healthy(健康的)是形容詞，詞義不變，詞類變了。2重要考點(diǎn)提示在語法填空中，經(jīng)常會(huì)用到構(gòu)詞法，且考查的重點(diǎn)是派生詞。如:(1)We drank together and talked _38_

4、 (merry) till far into the night(2)This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their_ 39 _ (nature) course.以上兩題都是考查考生對(duì)派生法的掌握情況的，第（1）題中的drank和talked都是動(dòng)詞，修飾謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，應(yīng)用副詞，所以填merrily；（2）中的course是名詞，在名詞前作定語用形容詞，所以填natural。3常見前綴與后綴1. 常見前綴前綴含義例詞en-使可能enrich豐富 enable 使能夠，使有機(jī)會(huì) enlarge 擴(kuò)大dis-不，否定dissati

5、sfy使不滿意 disappear 消失 disagree 不同意dishonesty不誠實(shí) disadvantage 不利條件un-不unable 不能夠 unlucky 不幸的 unhappy 不開心的un+ v.做相反動(dòng)作undress脫衣服 unload 卸貨 uncover 揭開in-im-ir-il-不，非inactive 不活躍的 incorrect 不準(zhǔn)確的impolite不禮貌的 impossible不可能的 immoral 不道德的irregular 不規(guī)則的 irresponsible不負(fù)責(zé)任的illogical 不合邏輯的 illegal 非法的non-不，非non-e

6、xistent不存有的 non-stop 直達(dá)的,連續(xù)不斷的mis-錯(cuò)誤的，壞的misunderstand 誤解 mislead 誤導(dǎo) misfortune 厄運(yùn),不幸Re-重復(fù)，再rewrite重寫, remarry 再婚super-在上面，超級(jí)supermarket 超市 supermodel 超級(jí)名模 superstar 超級(jí)明星under-在之下underestimate低估 underground 地下的inter-相互，之間international國際的 interact 交流,合作,相互作用semi-半semifinal 半決賽 semicircle半圓 semi-consci

7、ous 半昏迷半清醒的multi-多，多種multi-national多國的 multi-colored多種顏色的 multi-cultural多文化的kilo-千kilometer 千米,公里 kilogram 千克tele-遠(yuǎn)telephone 電話 television 電視a-在上/里向.aboard 在船/火車/飛機(jī)上 ahead 在前面aside向旁邊 abroad在國外2. 名詞后綴后 綴含 義例 詞n.+er相關(guān)的人farmer 農(nóng)夫 officer 官員v.+er從事某種職業(yè)、進(jìn)行某種活動(dòng)的人teacher 教師 worker 工人reader 讀者 writer 作家地點(diǎn)名

8、詞+er住在某處的人Londoner 倫敦人 villager 村民-ess女a(chǎn)ctress 女演員 hostess 女主人-or同er-conductor 售票員 visitor 游客 inventor 發(fā)明家 actor 演員 survivor 幸存者 editor 編輯-ar同er-beggar 乞丐-ese某國人,某國語Chinese 中國人,漢語 Japanese 日本人,日語-ian從事某職業(yè)的人musician 音樂家 physician醫(yī)師,內(nèi)科醫(yī)生-ist從事某職業(yè)的人scientist科學(xué)家 dentist牙醫(yī) pianist 鋼琴家 artist 藝術(shù)家 communis

9、t共產(chǎn)主義者 socialist社會(huì)主義者-ment行為的結(jié)果argument 爭論 judgment判斷-ness狀態(tài), 情況,特征happiness幸福 illness疾病-tion動(dòng)作,行為dictation聽寫 preparation準(zhǔn)備-ship身份,狀態(tài)leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo) friendship友誼 citizenship 國籍；公民權(quán)-anceacceptance接受 appearance 外表；出現(xiàn)-enceconfidence信息 reference參考n.+ful以該名詞容量為單位的量glassful 一杯 mouthful 一口plateful 一盤 spoonful

10、 一羮匙-alrefusal拒絕 denial 抵賴 arrival 到達(dá) approval 贊成；批準(zhǔn) burial 埋葬； 葬禮 survival 幸存-ydifficulty困難 possibility 可能性-ismsocialism社會(huì)主義 materialism唯物主義3 . 形容詞后綴后 綴例 詞-alindustrial 工業(yè)的 national國家的,民族的-anEuropean歐洲的 American美國的,美洲的-erneastern東方的 northern北方的 southern南方的-ablereasonable合理的 believable 可相信的 unbearab

11、le 難以忍受的-fulcareful仔細(xì)的,小心的 cheerful興高采烈的 beautiful 美麗的-ishchildish孩子般的 selfish自私的 foolish 愚蠢的-iveactive活躍的,積極的 creative創(chuàng)造性的 destructive 破壞的；毀滅性的-ythirsty口渴的 dirty臟的 windy有風(fēng)的-engolden金色的,金的 wooden木的,木質(zhì)的 woolen 羊毛的-ouscontinuous持續(xù)的 various各種各樣的-aryimaginary幻想的 revolutionary革命的-icrealistic現(xiàn)實(shí)的 historic歷

12、史的-sometroublesome麻煩的 lonesome孤獨(dú)的, 寂寞的-likechildlike孩子般的,單純的 womanlike女人般的-lyfriendly友好的 lovely可愛的-lesscareless 粗心的 harmless無害的 homeless 無家可歸的 useless 無用的4. 動(dòng)詞后綴后綴含義例 詞-en使成為,使具有widen加寬 sharpen削尖 deepen 加深 strengthen 加強(qiáng)shorten 縮短 soften 軟化 quicken 加快adj. +ize使變成, 使化Americanize 美國化 civilize 使開化modern

13、ize 現(xiàn)代化 nationalize國有化-y使化beautify 美化 simplify簡化5. 副詞后綴-ly是最常見的副詞后綴, 可以附加在形容詞后，構(gòu)成與原形容詞意義相同的副詞。如：slowly 緩慢地happily高興地truly 真實(shí)地wholly 全部地simply 純粹地4解題技巧解答這類試題，首先要結(jié)合不同詞類的不同用法來分析判斷用哪種詞類的詞，然后再根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法將括號(hào)中的詞改為所需要的詞類。具體來說，須注意以下四點(diǎn)。1. 動(dòng)詞、介詞、冠詞、物主代詞等詞后一般接名詞或動(dòng)名詞, 如果所給單詞是其它詞類, 就要將其改為名詞, 并注意名詞數(shù)的變化。(1)Do you know th

14、e _ (deep) of the river?(2)His _ (careful) resulted in the terrible accident(3)He is one of the _ (science) who support this theory.答案：(1) depth (2) carelessness (3) scientists2. 動(dòng)詞、介詞后一般接名詞或動(dòng)名詞, 如果所給單詞為動(dòng)詞，就要看該動(dòng)詞是否有名詞形式，如果有名詞形式，就用其名詞形式；如果該動(dòng)詞沒有名詞形式，就用其動(dòng)名詞。如：(1)Please pay _ (attend) to your handwritin

15、g.(2) His _ (arrive) made the situation worse.(3)The teacher was angry at my _ (come) late.答案：(1) attention (2) arrival (3) coming3. 動(dòng)詞前后、形容詞前后可有副詞。如果所需詞為副詞時(shí), 還要考慮副詞級(jí)的變化。如：(1)The boy ran _ (quick) to school.(2)“Whats that?” Father shouted _ (angry).(3)The little girl is _（extreme）eager to know the r

16、esult of the exam。(4). He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” _ (height).答案：(1) quickly (2) angrily (3) extremely (4) higher4. 在名詞前作定語，在系動(dòng)詞后做表語，以及作主語或賓語的補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，通常要用形容詞 如果所需詞為形容詞時(shí), 還要考慮形容詞級(jí)的變化。(1) Whats the _ (width) river in the world?(2) T

17、he _ (strength) we become, the more modest we should be.答案：(1) widest (2) stronger5即時(shí)訓(xùn)練單句填空：用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Mary was very _ at the news, so she looked _ at her husband, her eyes full of _ (sad).2. He _football very well and he was one of the best _ in yesterdays football match. (play)3. Look! How _

18、Kate is laughing! She seems to be the _ girl in the world (happy).4. To our _, the headmaster was very _ with our report. (satisfy)5. Edison was a great _. During his life he had many _. (invent)6. I should _ my task and make it _ to finish it. (simple)7. The boy having the _ of being half starved _

19、, never to be seen again. (appear)8. The police _ the pot and _ a plot against the President. (cover)9. You are so _ to help me. Thank you for your _. (kindly)10. Everything is becoming _ than before and many college students had to work to make some mone y for their college _. (expend)語篇填空：用所給詞的適當(dāng)形

20、式填空ARafting is an_1_ (excite) adventure. A raft is a small boat that you can use to paddle down rivers and streams. Rafting is a good way to experience_2_(natural) . If you want a normal rafting trip, choose a quiet stream or river that is wide and has few fallen trees or rocks. If you are looking f

21、or more_3_（excite）, you may want to try whitewater rafting. Whitewater rafting is_4_（adventure） and_5_(difficulty) than normal rafting. It is done on rivers and streams where the water moves_6_ (quick). You have to be_7_ (care) not to hit rocks, trees and other_8_ (dangerous). The name “Whitewater”

22、comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly.BSteve Jones is an_1_(environment) expert who tries to keep animals and plants from_2_(become) endangered. If we know more about what causes_3_ (danger), we may be able to take measures before it is too late. A species can become _4_ (endanger) for_5_ (differ) reasons. Animals and plant