高考英語(yǔ)考前必看——語(yǔ)法填空常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)薈萃

1、高考英語(yǔ)考前必看語(yǔ)法填空常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)薈萃名詞1.特殊名詞的復(fù)數(shù):child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, sheep-sheep, species- species,stomach-stomachs,deer-deer, goose-geese,ox-oxen, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese,phenomenon-phenomena,means-means, series-series,crisis-crises, basis-bases, German

2、-Germans, Australian-Australians,2.不可數(shù)名詞:advice, baggage, equipment, information, luggage, furniture, fun, weather, knowledge, jewelry, progress, traffic, 3.可數(shù)不可數(shù)均可，但意思不同:arm手臂,arms武器; good好處,goods貨物; green綠色,greens蔬菜; paper紙,papers論文; sand沙,sands沙灘; time時(shí)間,times時(shí)代; water水,waters水域; wood木材,woods森林;

3、work工作,works著作; experience經(jīng)驗(yàn),experiences經(jīng)歷; room空間, rooms房間; exercise鍛煉,exercises 練習(xí);4.只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞：trousers, clothes, socks, shorts, goods, thanks, congratulations, belongings,scissors,glasses,wages工資；riches財(cái)富；surroundings環(huán)境；ashes灰塵；compasses圓規(guī);5.復(fù)數(shù)形式，單數(shù)意思的名詞：plastics, news, politics, physics, mathema

4、tics, 6.復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式:girl-friends, boy-students, women-teachers, men-workers, passers-by, go-betweens, grown-ups, 7.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)的名詞:police, cattle, clothes, goods, 8.抽象名詞具體化為可數(shù)名詞：surprise, cold, pleasure, pity, failure, success, worry, honor, must, difficulty, youth, beauty,wonder, danger, interest, 9.輔音字母+

5、o結(jié)尾復(fù)數(shù)加-es的名詞：tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, hero-heroes, 10.變“f”或“fe”為“v”之后再加-es為復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞：wife-wives, life-lives, knife-knives, wolf-wolves, self-selves, leaf-leaves, shelf-shelves, thief- thieves, 11.特殊注意的名詞: people (民族,人); nature (自然,特性)；man(男人,人類(lèi))，youth (年輕人,青年男子,青春)12.特殊注意的搭配: congratulations祝

6、賀;have words with sb. 同某人吵架;in high spirits以很高熱情地; give ones regards to sb.向某人問(wèn)侯;in rags衣衫破爛;It is good manners to do sth.有禮貌做某事;冠詞1. 序數(shù)詞前用不定冠詞則表示“又一，再一”之意如：read a second time 再讀一遍。2.“a first”可表示“第一名、冠軍”之意 如：He often gets a first in maths. 他數(shù)學(xué)經(jīng)常得第一。3. such, what, quite, rather, half+不定冠詞+形容詞+名詞 如：su

7、ch a nice film這樣好的電影。4. as, so, too, how, however+形容詞+不定冠詞+名詞如：so short a time.如此短的時(shí)間。5. half, twice, three times+the+名詞如：twice the price雙倍的代價(jià)。6. all, both, double+the+名詞如：all the students我們班所有的學(xué)生。7. the與比較級(jí)連用，表示二者當(dāng)中更突出的一個(gè)如：the taller of the two girls更高的這個(gè)女孩。8. 在有些詞組中，有無(wú)冠詞含義不同in hospital (因病)住院, in

8、the hospital 在醫(yī)院(工作、參觀等)； by sea 乘船, by the sea 在海邊;in charge of 負(fù)責(zé), in the charge of 由負(fù)責(zé)； by day 在白天, by the day 按日計(jì)算;out of question 沒(méi)問(wèn)題, out of the question 不可能; a number of 許多；好些, the number of (的)數(shù)目;in a way有一點(diǎn),in the way擋著去路; next week下周;the next week第二周不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞burst-burst-burst-bursting; hurt-hu

9、rt-hurt-hurting; hit-hit-hit-hitting; spread-spread-spread-spreading;shut-shut-shut-shutting; beat-beat-beaten-beating;run-ran-run-running;swim-swam- swum- swimming; deal-dealt-dealt-dealing; set-set-set-setting; hear-heard-heard-hearing; lie-lay(lied)-lain(lied)-lying; hang-hanged/hung-hanged/hung-

10、hanging;mean-meant-meant-meaning;bend-bent-bent-bending; show-showed-showed/shown-showing;build-built-built-building; lend-lent-lent-lending; spend-spent-spent-spending; bring-brought-brought-bringing;fight-fought-fought-fighting; feed-fed-fed-feeding; seek-sought-sought-seeking; catch-caught-caught

11、-catching; dig-dug-dug-digging;teach-taught-taught-teaching; flee-fled-fled-fleeing;hold-held-held-holding;lead-led-led-leading; meet-met-met-meeting; say-said-said-saying;shoot-shot-shot-shooting; stick-stuck-stuck-sticking;win-won-won-winning; feel-felt-felt-feeling; keep-kept-kept-keeping; leave-

12、left-left-leaving; lay-laid-laid-laying; sweep-swept-swept-sweeping; pay-paid-paid-paying; stand-stood-stood-standing; lose-lost-lost-losing; wind-wound-wound-winding; sell-sold-sold-selling;blow-blew-blown-blowing; drive-drove-driven-driving; draw-drew-drawn-drawing;eat-ate-eaten-eating; fall-fell-

13、fallen-falling; grow-grew-grown-growing; throw-threw-thrown-throwing;forgive-forgot-forgiven-forgiving; know-knew-known-knowing; forbid-forbad/forbade-forbidden-forbidding;ride-rode-ridden-riding; sew-sewed-sewn-sewing; shake-shook-shaken-shaking;bite-bit-bitten-biting;write-wrote-written-writing; b

14、reak-broke-broken-breaking; hide-hid-hidden-hiding;tear-tore-torn-tearing;forget-forgot-forgotten-forgetting;freeze-froze-frozen-freezing;go-went-gone-going; steal-stole-stolen-stealing;choose-chose-chosen-choosing; begin-began-begun-beginning;bear-bore-born/borne-bearing;fly-flew-flown-flying;wear-

15、wore-worn-wearing;weave-wove- woven- weaving;picnic-picnicked- picnicked-picnicking;形容詞1.不規(guī)則形容詞與副詞：far, late, old, bad, ill, many, much, good, well, little,2.只修飾可數(shù)名詞的有：few, a few, many, a great/good many, a large number of3.只修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有：little, a little, much, a large amount of, a great/good deal of4.

16、可數(shù)不可數(shù)都可修飾的有：a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, large quantities of,5.be very important= be of great importance6.只作表語(yǔ)的形容詞：abroad國(guó)外的, afraid害怕的, ahead向前的, alike相似的, alive在世的, asleep睡著的,awake醒著的, fond喜歡的,7.習(xí)慣后置的形容詞:enough充足的, included包括的, present出席的, left剩下的, involved有關(guān)的,abroad國(guó)外的,afrai

17、d害怕的,ahead向前的,alike相似的,alive在世的,asleep睡著的,awake醒著的,deep深的,long長(zhǎng)的, high高的, thick厚的, old老的, thin薄的, wide寬的, narrow窄的, junior年少的, senior年長(zhǎng)的,動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)1.加-ed或-ing要雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母的動(dòng)詞regret后悔；control 控制；admit承認(rèn)；occur出現(xiàn)；prefer寧愿；refer提到；forget忘記；permit允許；equip 裝備; skip跳繩; trip絆倒; travel旅游; plan計(jì)劃; stop停止; beg乞討;2.常見(jiàn)

18、可用于“動(dòng)詞+sb.+of sth.”的動(dòng)詞accuse控告,指責(zé); cheat騙取; cure治好; inform通知; remind使某人想起; rid使某人擺脫; rob搶劫; warn警告;convince使某人信服; 3.常見(jiàn)可用于“動(dòng)詞+sb.+for doing sth.”的動(dòng)詞blame指責(zé); criticize批評(píng); forgive原諒; excuse原諒某人; pardon原諒某人; punish懲罰; scold 指責(zé);thank感謝;4.常見(jiàn)可用于“動(dòng)詞+sb.+into doing sth.”的動(dòng)詞cheat欺騙; trick哄騙; fool愚弄; force迫使;

19、argue說(shuō)服; talk勸服; terrify威脅; frighten嚇唬;persuade說(shuō)服;5.常見(jiàn)容易誤用作及物動(dòng)詞的不及物動(dòng)詞deal with a problem處理問(wèn)題; depend on sb.依靠某人; insist on doing sth.堅(jiān)持做; knock on /at the door敲門(mén);operate on sb.為某人做手術(shù); participate in sth.參加某事; refer to sth.查閱某物;reply to a letter 回信;rely on sb./sth.依靠某人/某物; 6.可用作系動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞act舉動(dòng)像; appear顯得

20、; be是; become變成; blow風(fēng)吹; break突變; continue連續(xù); fall來(lái)臨; feel覺(jué)得; fly飄揚(yáng);get變得; go達(dá)到; grow逐漸變得; keep連續(xù); lie位于; look看起來(lái); make開(kāi)始; play上演; prove證明; rank列為;remain依然; run運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn); seem似乎; set 落沉; smell聞起來(lái); sound聽(tīng)起來(lái); stand矗立; stay堅(jiān)持; taste嘗起來(lái);turn轉(zhuǎn)變; wax增大; wear穿著; work運(yùn)作;7. 習(xí)慣接過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)詞+sb./sth.+ done)have讓, he

21、ar聽(tīng)到, see看見(jiàn), watch觀察, leave留下, make使得, feel感覺(jué), find發(fā)現(xiàn), get使得, acknowledge承認(rèn), bear忍受, declare宣稱(chēng), desire渴望, fancy設(shè)想, imagine想象, keep保持, need需要, notice注意, want想要, 8.習(xí)慣接sb./sth.+from+動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞ban禁止, bar阻攔, discourage勸阻, excuse免除, hold控制, keep保持, prevent防止, prohibit禁止, protect保護(hù), save挽救, stop中止,9.習(xí)慣接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的

22、動(dòng)詞acknowledge承認(rèn),自認(rèn); admit 承認(rèn); dislike不喜歡,討厭; complete完成; appreciate感激,欣賞; avoid避免; enjoy享有,喜愛(ài); bear忍受; delay延遲; escape逃跑,逃避; deny否認(rèn);consider 考慮; fancy幻想,愛(ài)好; mind 介意; finish完成,結(jié)束; resist抵抗,阻止; permit 允許; imagine設(shè)想;risk冒險(xiǎn); practise 實(shí)行,實(shí)踐; save營(yíng)救,儲(chǔ)蓄; prevent阻止; keep保持; quit放棄,停止; suggest建議; 10.習(xí)慣接同源賓語(yǔ)的

23、動(dòng)詞bow鞠躬, cough咳嗽, dance跳舞, die死, dream夢(mèng), fight戰(zhàn)斗, laugh笑, look看, live生活, run運(yùn)行, say說(shuō),sigh嘆息, sleep睡, smell聞, smile微笑, talk談,11.習(xí)慣接形容詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞bake烤, beat擊敗, boil煮, burn燒傷, colour把涂色, consider考慮, count計(jì)數(shù), cut削減, drink喝, drive驅(qū)動(dòng), eat吃, fill填寫(xiě), find找到, get得到, hammer錘打, hold持續(xù), keep保持, lay躺, leave留下, let讓,

24、 like愿意,make使, paint油漆, prove證明, put放置, see看到, set凝固, sleep睡眠, talk談, think認(rèn)為, turn轉(zhuǎn), wash洗, wipe擦, wish祝,12.習(xí)慣接that從句(虛擬語(yǔ)氣 should+do)的動(dòng)詞advocate提倡, advise建議, appoint任命, arrange安排, ask請(qǐng)求, command命令, decide決定, demand需求,desire渴望, determine決定, direct指揮, insist堅(jiān)持, instruct指導(dǎo), intend意愿, move感動(dòng), object反對(duì),

25、order命令,pray懇求, prefer喜歡, recommend推薦, require要求, request請(qǐng)求, suggest建議, urge敦促, vote提議 ,13.動(dòng)作與結(jié)果不同的動(dòng)詞advise, persuade(勸說(shuō)); look for, find(發(fā)現(xiàn)); look at, see(看); listen to, hear(聽(tīng));tear at, tear(撕);try, manage(盡力); treat, cure(治療); shoot at, shoot(射擊); prepare for, prepare(準(zhǔn)備);14.主觀與客觀不同的動(dòng)詞。receive ,

26、accept(接收); must, have to(必須); can, be able to(能夠);15.直接與間接不同的動(dòng)詞。hear, hear ofabout; know, know of/about; learn, learn of/about;16.不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞adore崇拜, appear出現(xiàn), believe相信, belong屬于, consist包括, exist存在, feel感覺(jué), find找到, forget忘記,hate恨, hear聽(tīng)到, hold持有, know知道, lack缺乏, lie位于, like像, love愛(ài), matter要緊, mean

27、意思,measure測(cè)量, mind介意, notice留心, owe欠, own擁有, possess持有, remember記得, see看, seem似乎, smell聞, think認(rèn)為, understand理解, value重視, want想要, weigh衡量, wish祝愿,17.進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的動(dòng)詞bake烤, build建立, cook烹調(diào), copy復(fù)制, do做, fill填寫(xiě), print打印, roast烤, sell出售, work out解決,18.非進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的動(dòng)詞add up加起來(lái), act行為, break打破, blo

28、w吹, button按鈕, burn燒傷, cut切, catch趕上, close關(guān)閉, clean清潔,drive驅(qū)動(dòng), draw畫(huà), fill填寫(xiě), keep保持, iron熨衣, let出租, lock鎖, open開(kāi), pack包, peel削, read讀, split分裂,spoil溺愛(ài), tear撕裂, wash洗, 19.其后接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的動(dòng)詞bear忍受, deserve應(yīng)受, need需要, require要求, stand抵抗, want想要,20.可否定轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞believe相信, expect期望, fancy幻想, imagine想象, rec

29、kon估計(jì), think 思考, suppose假設(shè),21.常見(jiàn)接動(dòng)詞原形作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞 feel感覺(jué); have使某人做; hear 聽(tīng)見(jiàn); let讓某人; listen to聽(tīng)著某人; look at看著某人; make使某人; notice注意; observe觀察某人; see看見(jiàn); watch觀察; 22.常見(jiàn)接不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)意思不同的動(dòng)詞forget忘記; mean打算,意味著; remember記住; regret后悔; try設(shè)法,試試; stop停下來(lái); can't help不能幫助,禁不住; go on接著做,繼續(xù)做;非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般式完成式進(jìn)行式不定式主動(dòng)to

30、doto have doneto be doing被動(dòng)to be doneto have been doneto have been doinging 形式主動(dòng)doinghaving done被動(dòng)being donehaving been done過(guò)去分詞被動(dòng)done1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的各種形式：2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定形式: 在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing, 3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：for / of sb. to do sth.動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：代詞賓格或名詞所有格+doing (-ing形式作主語(yǔ)

31、時(shí),用代詞主格或名詞所有格doing)分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)：代詞主格或名詞+doing /done(句中作狀語(yǔ)表時(shí)間、原因、伴隨、讓步、方式等)4.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的做題步驟(1)判定是否用非謂語(yǔ)形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;(2)找非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。方法：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)一般是句子的主語(yǔ);(3)判斷主被動(dòng)關(guān)系。方法：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系;(4)判斷時(shí)間關(guān)系。方法：分析句子，看非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前、之后還是同時(shí)。之前且表被動(dòng)關(guān)系常用 done; 之后且表主動(dòng)關(guān)系常用to do; 同時(shí)且表主動(dòng)關(guān)系常用doing.5.不定式符號(hào)to 的保留問(wèn)題有時(shí)為了

32、避免重復(fù)，可以用to 來(lái)代替前面的不定式，這種情況出現(xiàn)在下列動(dòng)詞之后：expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try；或出現(xiàn)在be glad / happy, would like / love 等的后面。如果在省略的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有：be, have, have been，這些詞要保留。如：I havent been to Hong Kong, but I wish to. Are you on holiday ? No, but Id like to be. I didnt tell him the news. Oh, y

33、ou ought to have. 6.在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)說(shuō)話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式；如果說(shuō)話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的事情本身必須被完成，則用被動(dòng)形式。如：There is a lot of work to do. (Someone has to do the work.) There is a lot of work to be done. (The work has to be done.) 注意:下面兩個(gè)句子的含義的不同There is nothing to do. (無(wú)事可做，感到十分乏味。) There is nothing to be done. (某東西壞

34、了，無(wú)法使之恢復(fù)正常。) 7.動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞或不定式都可以在句中作主語(yǔ)，但在下列句型中常用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。 It is / was no use / good + doing sth. It is / was not any use / good + doing sth. It is / was of little use / good + doing sth. 如：It is / was useless 如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收。 注意:若主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)保持形式上的一致如：Seeing is believing.

35、To see is to believe.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。8.注意以下表達(dá)的意義區(qū)別：falling leaves正在下落的樹(shù)葉, fallen leaves已經(jīng)落下的樹(shù)葉; boiling water沸騰的水,boiled water燒開(kāi)過(guò)的水; developing countries發(fā)展中國(guó)家, developed countries發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家;an exciting voice令人興奮的聲音,an excited voice興奮的聲音; a puzzling look令人迷惑不解的表情, a puzzled look困惑的表情;9.分詞作狀語(yǔ)分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致

36、,可以表時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。如：Hearing the news, they got excited. (時(shí)間) Be careful while / when crossing the street. (時(shí)間) Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. (原因) Given a chance, I can surprise the world. (條件) The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces. (結(jié)果) Having bee

37、n told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (讓步) The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. (伴隨狀況) 10.獨(dú)立成分有些分詞短語(yǔ),其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響,稱(chēng)作獨(dú)立成分。常見(jiàn)的有,Generally speaking 一般說(shuō)來(lái); Frankly speaking 坦白地說(shuō); Judging from 根據(jù)來(lái)判斷; Considering 考慮到; To tell you the truth 說(shuō)實(shí)話;11.不定式作表語(yǔ)在seem / appear

38、 (似乎,好像), prove/ turn out (被證明是), remain (仍然是,尚待)等連系動(dòng)詞后,可用不定式作表語(yǔ)。如：He seemed (to be ) very happy. 12.動(dòng)詞不定式在介詞but, other than 后面時(shí),如果介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞do 的某種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶to, 否則就要帶to。另外在cant choose but, cant help but, cant but 后面的不定式也要省略to。如: We could do nothing but / other than wait. We have no choice but to

39、wait. I cant choose but laugh.時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)1.?？紕?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)：(1)三個(gè)一般：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去式、一般將來(lái)時(shí)；(2)三個(gè)現(xiàn)在：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)；(3)三個(gè)過(guò)去：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)，過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與頻度副詞always, all the time, forever, constantly, continuously等詞連用，往往表贊揚(yáng)、埋怨、氣憤或厭惡等情緒。He is always thinking of his study.(稱(chēng)贊)He is always making the same mistakes.(批評(píng))3.某

40、些表動(dòng)向和起始的動(dòng)詞begin, come, go, leave, sail, start, arrive, return, dine, end, stop, depart, open, close, sail等，當(dāng)其表一個(gè)按計(jì)劃、安排下必將進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)時(shí)(這時(shí)都有一個(gè)表示未來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。I leave for Dalian next Sunday.4.在時(shí)間、真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)，(有時(shí)也用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)，顯得更確定)。When he comes back, we'll go shopping together.

41、5.不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況(1)所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之中。(2)表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞last,hold,benefit,contain,equal,fit,join,mean,last,look like,consist of等不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中。(3)表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞如have, own, belong to等不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之中。(4)表示“希望、意圖”的動(dòng)詞如wish,want, hope, like, love, hate等不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之中。(5)賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(6)賓語(yǔ)是同源賓語(yǔ)、不定式、動(dòng)名詞等時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不

42、用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。6.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義(1)當(dāng)feel, look, smell, taste, sound,remain 等后面接形容詞時(shí)。(2)當(dāng)break, burn, cook, cut, drive, eat, iron, keep, play, sell, last, open, shut, wear, wash, write, translate, print, run, read, operate 等詞帶狀語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ) well, easily, poorly 等時(shí)。(3)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, run等表示“開(kāi)始、結(jié)束、

43、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動(dòng)”等意義時(shí)。(4)當(dāng)break out, take place, shut off, turn off, work out 等表示“發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定”等意思時(shí)。(5)want, require, need,deserve后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)含義。(6)be worth doing 用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。(7)在“be+形容詞+to do”中，(常用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有：difficult, easy, hard, interesting, pleasant, nice, bitter, fit, dangerous, light, heavy, important等)不定

44、式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)，用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。(8)某些不定式：to blame, to seek, to let, to rent等與be連用時(shí)The house is to let.這房子要出租。(9)常見(jiàn)的不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。7.被動(dòng)形

45、式表示主動(dòng)意義的幾種情況(1)be seated 坐著。如：He is seated on a bench.(He seats himself on a bench.)坐在凳子上。(2)be hidden 躲藏。如：He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.) 他藏在門(mén)后。(3)be lost 迷路。如：Unsaved changes will be lost. 未保存的更改將丟失。(4)be drunk 喝醉。如：He must be drunk, or else he is mad. 他準(zhǔn)是醉了，不然就是瘋了

46、。(5)be dressed 穿著。如：The girl was dressed in a red short skirt. 那女孩穿著一條紅色的短裙。注意：be determined,be pleased,be graduated (from),be finished,be prepared (for),be occupied (in),get married等都屬于被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義的情況。8.主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)時(shí)，賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ)，作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的不定式前需用to。如: He was made to work all day long(by the boss)9.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，勿丟掉后面的介詞。如：

47、The children were taken good care of (by her).Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.7.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和be going to, be to, be sure to, used to, have to, had better 等結(jié)構(gòu)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),只需將它們后面的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閎e+過(guò)去分詞。如：Rhe computer might be repaired by him tomorrow. 10.表被動(dòng)意義的介詞短語(yǔ)under examination在審查中, under di

48、scussion在討論中, under repair維修中, beyond belief難以置信, beyond ones control失控, beyond ones reach鞭長(zhǎng)莫及/夠不著, for sale出售, for rent出租, in print印刷中, in sight看得見(jiàn), in use在使用中, out of control控制不了, out of fashion不流行, on sale銷(xiāo)售中, on show在展出中, in the charge of受制于, under the leadership of在的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下等。11.“with +賓語(yǔ)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定

49、式用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)。With nothing to do, I feel bored.代詞1.不定代詞:all, any, none, both, either, neither; other, another; some, any; little, few; something, anything, nothing, somebody,one, anybody/one, nobody, no one等；2.替代詞:it, one,ones, that, those；3.習(xí)慣接oneself的動(dòng)詞:abandon放棄, absent.from缺席, amuse娛樂(lè), apply應(yīng)用, carry

50、攜帶, commit提交, concern關(guān)注, conduct表現(xiàn),content使?jié)M足, devote奉獻(xiàn), dress穿衣, enjoy享受, excuse借口, feel感覺(jué), forget忘記, help幫助, hurt傷害,losein使沉溺于, pride upon以自豪, shave刮胡子, suggest建議, value.on重視, 4.相互代詞：each other, one another. 5.指示代詞：this, that, these, those, such, same,6.復(fù)合不定代詞被形容詞所修飾時(shí)，形容詞須放在它們的后面。如：nothing wrong沒(méi)有

51、毛病7.whatever, whoever, whichever等詞可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,也可引導(dǎo)表示讓步的狀語(yǔ)從句。8.this和that有時(shí)作狀語(yǔ)用，表示"程度"，意謂"這么"和"那么"。如：this thick這么厚, that much那么多,9.少數(shù)前有冠詞的代詞。the other, the others, a few, a little,10.常用于“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞。advise建議, answer回答, ask問(wèn), beg乞求, consider考慮, convince說(shuō)服, decide決定, discove

52、r發(fā)現(xiàn), doubt懷疑,explain解釋, find找到, forget忘記, guess猜, hear聽(tīng)到, imagine想, know知道, learn學(xué)習(xí), persuade說(shuō)服,pray祈禱, promise承諾, remember記得, remind提醒, see看到, show顯示, suggest建議, teach教, tell告訴,think認(rèn)為, understand理解, want想要, warn警告, wire拍電報(bào), write寫(xiě), wonder想知道,介詞1.常用介詞的用法，如as, by, of, with, over, on, towards, throug

53、h, against, beyond, without等；2.常用的短語(yǔ)介詞，如instead of, in search of, in case of, in fear of, because of, as a result of, according to, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to等；3.合成介詞inside, into, out of, outside, throughout, upon, within, without等。4.雙重介詞from among, from behind, from under, till after, in be

54、tween等。5.分詞介詞considering(就而論), including, given, providing/provided等。6.由介詞構(gòu)成的習(xí)語(yǔ)，如in a word, in another word, in fact, in all, above all, after all, at all, at last, as a result等。7.有無(wú)介詞，意義不同的詞和短語(yǔ)answer回答,answer for對(duì)負(fù)責(zé); search搜,search for 尋找; leave離開(kāi),leave for 離開(kāi)去某地;reach到達(dá),reach for 伸手去拿; enter進(jìn)入,ent

55、er for 報(bào)名參加; run跑, run for競(jìng)選;pay付, pay for 付錢(qián)買(mǎi)某物;stand站,stand for 代表; prepare準(zhǔn)備,prepare for為做準(zhǔn)備; see看見(jiàn),see to料理,8.誤與to搭配的幾個(gè)副詞 upstairs, downstairs, here, there, home, abroad, where, downtown, 9.帶介詞to的動(dòng)詞詞組add up to加起來(lái)；be devoted to致力于,忠誠(chéng)于；be attached to附屬于,喜歡,依戀；be known to為所知;be married to和結(jié)婚;be sen

56、tenced to被判處;be compared to 被比喻成;be/become/get accustomed to習(xí)慣于;get down to著手做; lead to 導(dǎo)致; object to反對(duì),不喜歡,不贊成; look forward to盼望; pay attention to注意;see to負(fù)責(zé),注意; make contributions to對(duì)作貢獻(xiàn); do wrong to 冤枉某人; turn a blind eye to對(duì)視而不見(jiàn);set an example to 給樹(shù)立榜樣; respond to 回答,對(duì)作出回應(yīng); belong to 屬于; look up to 尊敬;turn to轉(zhuǎn)向,求助于; pay a visit to參觀; be similar to和相似; due to 由于,歸因于; be familiar to為熟悉;be senior to年齡長(zhǎng)于; be equal to 和相等; owing to因的緣故; th