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1、初中英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)模塊一:句子結(jié)構(gòu)【重點(diǎn)】一、詞性的概念:英語(yǔ)中的單詞根據(jù)詞義、句法作用和形式特征所作的分類。共有十類:名詞、 動(dòng)詞、 形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、冠詞、副詞、介詞、連詞、感嘆詞。1 、名詞 ,"名 "就是名稱- 人或事物的名稱.具體的人或物體的名稱:人名-Mike, Li Ming; 地名 America, China 動(dòng)物名 -pig, dog; 植物名 -tree, wheat 。 抽象的事物的名稱:idea( 主意 ), victory( 勝利 ), knowledge( 知識(shí) ).2 、代詞,何謂“代”?即是替代的意思,主要是來(lái)替代名詞,所以說(shuō)名詞和代詞關(guān)系

2、是很近的,或者說(shuō)代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)就是名詞,正是這種血液關(guān)系,絕大多數(shù)時(shí)候代詞跟名詞在句中起的作用是一樣的。代詞,從英語(yǔ)詞匯的整體來(lái)看數(shù)量并不多。3 、 動(dòng)詞," 動(dòng) " 就是動(dòng)作- 人的五官動(dòng)作: walk, jump, swim; 人的大腦動(dòng)作(心理活動(dòng)): think,imagine 。也有些動(dòng)詞是表示靜止的,如:am , is, are。4、形容詞,我們?cè)谡務(wù)撊嘶蛭飼r(shí),常說(shuō):“你描述一下是什么樣子?!蹦憔鸵蒙希?tall(高的) , short 矮的) , black (黑的) , white (白的)這些詞往往是修飾名詞,它們就是形容詞。5 、副詞,說(shuō)人行走得快慢,講話

3、清楚,在英語(yǔ)里就要用quickly (快地) , slowly (慢地) ,clearly (清楚地)這些詞往往來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞。它們就是副詞。副詞很多是從形容詞加ly 構(gòu)成的,所以看單詞詞尾是否有l(wèi)y 是判斷是否是副詞的一種方法,但是詞尾是ly 的也不一定都是副詞,可能是形容詞,不過(guò)只有少量的單詞(常見(jiàn)的有l(wèi)ikely , friendly lovely , lonely ,weekly , monthly , yearly ) ,這幾個(gè)單詞需要加強(qiáng)記憶,也不就是幾個(gè)單詞特殊嘛,不過(guò)考試往往就考特殊的,你要小心才是呀!6 、介詞,英語(yǔ)用詞里介詞也屬于難纏的一個(gè)。因?yàn)樗婕胺矫鎻V,而且變化多端,往往

4、令人捉摸不定,記起來(lái)很麻煩。別怕別怕,大部份介詞都不難理解,比較令人頭痛的只是下列幾個(gè) at, by, to,in,for,of,on,from,with ,其中又以at, by, in, on 為四大“要犯 "!學(xué)習(xí)介詞就是要抓住這幾"要犯",還要提醒你的是,介詞同名詞“關(guān)系”最好,是“鐵”哥們,所以往往你見(jiàn)到介詞的地方你就會(huì)見(jiàn)到名詞,而且還有一個(gè)詞類往往和他們兩個(gè)往往在一起,那就是冠詞,他們?nèi)齻€(gè)形成一個(gè)“小集團(tuán)”。7 、連詞,如果我們想把單詞與單詞、短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)、句子與句子連接起來(lái)就要用連詞。連詞不能單獨(dú)作句子成分,只能和其他詞類一起作句子成分。常見(jiàn)的連詞有:a

5、nd, but, or,both . and, neither.nor, not only .but also, when,where,before, after, if 等等8 、冠詞,英語(yǔ)中只有三個(gè)詞:aan (不定冠詞)the (定冠詞),簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō),不定冠詞表示泛指, 定冠詞表示特指,冠詞與名詞關(guān)系緊密,一般是放在名詞之前。定冠詞也不能單獨(dú)做主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)等等什么啦,只能和其他詞類結(jié)合作句子成分。9 、數(shù)詞,顧名思義,跟數(shù)字有關(guān)的詞就是數(shù)詞,英語(yǔ)中的數(shù)詞有兩種,基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?;鶖?shù)詞,比如:one two, three, four, five, six, seven 等等,序數(shù)詞,比如:fir

6、st, second,third, fourth, fifth 等等。10 、感嘆詞,主要是來(lái)表示喜怒哀樂(lè)等感情的,比如:oh, ah, well 等等,這一詞類在十大詞類中并不重要,了解即可。二、簡(jiǎn)單的五種基本句型:1、S(主)+ Vi (不及物動(dòng)詞)(謂語(yǔ))主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)例如: Time flies.1 ) S + V + 副詞(狀語(yǔ))例如: Birds singbeautifully.2) S + Vi + 介詞短語(yǔ)(狀語(yǔ))例如:He went onholiday.3) S + Vi + 不定式(狀語(yǔ))例如:We stopped tohave a rest.4) S + Vi + 分詞(狀語(yǔ))

7、例如:I'll goswimming.2、S (主)+ Vt (及物動(dòng)詞)(謂語(yǔ))+ O (賓語(yǔ))主動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)例如:We likeEnglish.1) ) S + Vt + 名詞 / 代詞例如:I like music.2) ) S + Vt + 不定式例如:I want tohelp him. 說(shuō)明 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有:decide, hope, learn,need, promise, want, 等。3) S + Vt + 疑問(wèn)詞 + 不定式例如: I don't knowwhat to do. 說(shuō)明 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有:ask, decide, find out, f

8、orget, know 等。4) S + Vt + 動(dòng)名詞例如: I enjoyliving here. 說(shuō)明 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有:advise, enjoy, finish, mind, practise 等。5) S + Vt + 賓語(yǔ)從句例如: I don't think(that) he is right. 說(shuō)明 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有:hope, know, notice, think, wonder 等?!倦y點(diǎn)】3、S (主)+ V (謂語(yǔ))(系動(dòng)詞)+ P (表語(yǔ))主系表結(jié)構(gòu)例如: We areChinese.說(shuō)明I .除!be系動(dòng)詞外,還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞,表感

9、官的動(dòng)詞,feel,smell,taste, sound, look, seem 等。表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動(dòng)詞,become, get, grow, turn,go,等。表延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞 keep, seem 等。表瞬時(shí)的動(dòng)詞 come, fall等。n.表語(yǔ)也就是主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。1) ) S + V + 名詞 / 代詞例如:He is a boy.2) S + V + 形容詞例如:She isbeautiful.3) S + V + Adv 副詞例如: Class isover.4) S + V + 介詞短語(yǔ)例如: He is in goodhealth.5) S + V+ 分詞例如:He isexcit

10、ed.4、S (主)+ Vt (謂語(yǔ))+ In O (間接賓語(yǔ))+ D O (直接賓語(yǔ))一-主動(dòng)雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)例如:I give youhelp.1 ) S + Vt + 間接賓語(yǔ)+ 直接賓語(yǔ) 例如: I sent him abook.2 ) S + Vt + 直接賓語(yǔ)+ To/for + 間接賓語(yǔ)例如: He sent abook to me. 說(shuō)明 間接賓語(yǔ)前需要加to 的常用動(dòng)詞有:bring, give,lend, pass, pay, read, sell, send,show, teach, tell, wish, write 等。間接賓語(yǔ)前需要加for 的常用動(dòng)詞有:buy, get,

11、make 等?!倦y點(diǎn)】5、S (主)+ Vt (謂語(yǔ))+ O (賓語(yǔ))+ O C (賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))主動(dòng)賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)例如: I make youclear. 強(qiáng)調(diào) 賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間通常具有邏輯主謂關(guān)系。1) ) S + Vt + 賓語(yǔ) + 名詞例如: We named ourbaby Tom. 說(shuō)明 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有:call, find, make, name 等。2) S + Vt + 賓語(yǔ) + 形容詞例如: He paintedthe wall white. 說(shuō)明 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有:cut, find, keep, leave, make, see, wash 等。3) S + Vt

12、 + 賓語(yǔ)+ 介詞短語(yǔ)例如: She alwayskeeps everything in good order.4) S + Vt + 賓語(yǔ)+ 不定式例如: I wish you tostay.說(shuō)明常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有:不定式帶to的詞:ask, invite,tell, want, warn, wish 等。不定式不帶to 的詞: have, know,let, make, notice, see, watch 等。5) ) S + Vt + 賓語(yǔ) + 分詞例如: I heard myname called (表示被動(dòng))I feelsomething moving (表示進(jìn)行). 說(shuō)明 常用

13、于這句型的動(dòng)詞有:notice, observe, see, watch 等。6) S + Vt + 賓語(yǔ) + 疑問(wèn)詞 + 不定式例如: He show mehow to do it. 說(shuō)明 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有:ask, show, teach, tell 等?!眷柟叹毩?xí)】(一)基礎(chǔ)題:1 判斷下列各句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)。1 ) Mr. Black isEnglish.2 ) The teachertaught us some new words.3 ) The farmer ispicking the apples.4 ) Thetemperature dropped.5 ) They turne

14、dto the right.6 ) I would like to be your pen-friend.7 ) I have short black hair and browneyes.8 ) I alsoenjoy playing chess.9 ) I have abrother called Edwin.10 ) Myambition is to be an engineer.2 句子成分判斷:A.指出下列句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞1 ) Theteacherwith two of his students is walking into the classroom.2 ) Thereis a

15、n oldmancoming here.3 ) Theusefuldictionarywas given by my mother lastyear.4 ) To do today's homeworkwithout the teacher's help is very difficult.5 ) Thegoodomenof his birth was destined to changehis fortune.B.選出句中謂語(yǔ)的中心詞1 ) Idon't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictur

16、eD. wall2 ) Thedays get longer and longer when summer comes.A.getB. longerC.days D. summer3 ) Doyou usually go to school by bus?A.DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus4 ) Therewill be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. thelibraryD. afternoon5 ) Didthe twins have porridge for their brea

17、kfast?A. DidB.twinsC. have D. breakfastC.挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)1 ) Mybrotherhasn'tdonehis homework.AB CD2 ) Peoplealloverthe worldspeakEnglish.A BCD3 ) Youmust paygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.ABCD4 ) Some of the students in the school want to go swimming,how about you?AB C5 ) Theydidn't knowwho"

18、FatherChristmas" really is.ABCDD.挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1 ) Shelikesthe childrento read newspapers and booksin thereading-room.ABCD2 ) Heaskedhertotake the boyout of school.A BCD3 ) Shefounditdifficultto do the work.A B CD4 ) TheycallmeLilysometimes.5 ) Did you seeLi Mingplayingfootballon the playgroundju

19、st now?ABCDE.劃出句中的直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)1 ) ) Pleasetellus a story.2 ) Myfather boughta new bikeformelast week.3 ) Mr.Li is going to teachus historynext term.4 ) Hereis a pen. GiveittoTom.5 ) Didhe leaveany messageforme.參考答案:1 、 1 ) SVC2)SVOO3)SVO4)SV 5)SV 6)SVO 7)SVO8)SVO9)SVOC10)SVC(二)提高題:I.指出下列各句中斜體詞的詞性,并將句子譯

20、成漢語(yǔ)。1. The driverbackedthe car out of thegarage.2. The man wasfined20 dollars forsmoking in the theatre.3. You've done a pretty good job.4. The boy asked the actorspresenttosign their names in his notebook.5. In the darkness weinchedagainst thewall.6. We walked about the school campus during the

21、break.7. There was aburstof laughter in theclassroom.8. The climber bought a lot ofcannedfood.9. These medicines will beshippedto anAfrican country.10. The lady put the fish dish at the window tocoolit.11. Harrislearned how tomilka cow.12. The crops are growing badly in suchdryweather.13. The wasteb

22、asket has beenemptied.14. Too muchfatis bad for one's health.15. A new plan hasformedin his mind.16. The girl has agiftfor language learning.17. The rain saved us the trouble towatertheflowers.18. They had a goodlaughover the story.19. The ownernamedhis coffee shop"Dream".20. The hall

23、canseatabout one thousandpeople.21. The robber wassentencedto death.22. His debttotaled£0(20,023. They satstill,with their eyes fixedon the teacher.24. We looked at the eagle flyinghighinthe sky.25. Is hehomealready?26. The old man likes towalkhis dogafter breakfast.27. She haslongedto have a room of herown.28. Some roadsignswere set up along thehighway.29. Nancystopped to have asmoke.30. Ibookedtwo tickets beforehand.II.指出下列各句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)。1. Mr Black is English.2. The teacher taught us some grammar rules.3. The farmer dug up the soil.4. She f

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