過去分詞作定語和表語

1、過去分詞作定語和表語過去分詞是非謂語動詞的一種形式，表示完成和被動的動作。它在句子中可以充當(dāng)表語、定語等成份。下面僅談其作定語和表語的用法。一、過去分詞作定語過去分詞作定語有前置和后置兩種情況。1、前置定語單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語，通常放在被修飾的名詞之前，表示被動和完成意義。A類：被動意義：an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.受傷的工人現(xiàn)正在醫(yī)院受到良好的照料。B類：完成意義：（不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語不表示被動，而表示完成） boiled w

2、aterwater that has boiled開（過的）水 the fallen leavesthe leaves that have fallen落葉 a developed countrya country which has developed發(fā)達(dá)國家a retired teacher 一位退休的教師C類：有些過去分詞作定語既表被動，又表完成。即過去分詞在定語中可以獨(dú)立表示完成意義的被動語態(tài)。如： He told us of the great wrong done to him.He told us of the great wrong which had been done to

3、 him.他給我們講了他所遭受的巨大冤屈。 Is there anything planned that has been planned) for the weekend周末安排了什么活動沒有？ Did you accept the invitation given(that had been given) by the tour guide? 你接受導(dǎo)游所給的邀請了嗎？ Most of the artists invited（who had been invited）to the party were from South Africa (MET90)邀請到會的大部分藝術(shù)家來自南非。注意：

4、a worried look/face/expression著急的神情 an unexpected result意外的結(jié)果2、后置定語過去分詞短語作定語時(shí)，通常放在被修飾的名詞之后，它的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。如：This will be the best novel of its kind ever written （=that has ever been written）。這將是這類小說中寫得最好的。Who were the so-called guests invited （=who had been invited） to your party last night？昨晚被邀請參加你的

5、晚會的那些所謂的客人是誰呀？二、過去分詞作表語作表語的過去分詞主要來自及物動詞，在主-系-表句型中，說明主語所處的一種狀態(tài)。其中系動詞有包括be在內(nèi)的多種形式。如：You seem frightened.你看樣子受了驚嚇。少數(shù)不及物動詞（如go， come， set）的過去分詞也能作表語，但它們不表示被動意義，只是表示動作完成。如：They are gone for vacation.他們度假去了。注意：要區(qū)別“系動詞+過去分詞（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）” 和 “系動詞+過去分詞（被動語態(tài)）”。如：A. The library is now closed.圖書館現(xiàn)在關(guān)門了。B. The library is

6、 closed at six.圖書館經(jīng)常在六點(diǎn)鐘關(guān)門。說明：作表語用的過去分詞表示主語的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主謂關(guān)系。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞前可加quite， very， rather等修飾詞。系動詞可有多種，表示不同的意義；被動語態(tài)表示動作，強(qiáng)調(diào)動賓關(guān)系，絕大多數(shù)被動結(jié)構(gòu)中的行為執(zhí)行者還可以用by短語來表示。因此，我們不難看出在上面兩句中，A句是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，B句是被動語態(tài)。從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。1. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. （MET 1990）A. invited

7、B. to inviteC. being invited D. had been invited2. The computer center， _last year， is very popular among the students in this school. （NMET 1993）A. open B. openingC. having opened D. opened3. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.（NMET 1998）A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay4.How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers？The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. （北京2002）A. to solving； makingB. to solving； madeC. to solve； makingD. to solve； made5. Dont use words， expressions， or phras