危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志使用指南

1、3MChina危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志使用指南Introduction簡(jiǎn)介Hazardwarninglabelsareanimportantpartofthehealthandsafetycontrolsprovidedonequipmenttowarnpersonnelofpotentialhazardsassociatedwiththeequipment.Hazardwarninglabelsshouldbeusedwhenhazardshavenotbeeneliminatedfromequipmentthroughothermeans.,acompleteenclosureofthehazardt

2、opreventexposure)andthepotentialforexposuretothehazardsisstillpresent.Thisappliesbothtohazardswhichcanbepresentatalltimesduringnormaloperatingconditionsandhazardswhichmaybepresentonlyduringspecificconditions.Hazardwarninglabelsshouldbeusedforthevarietyofhazardsthatcanbepresentinequipmentincludingthe

3、following:ElectricalMovingpartsChemicalHotsurfacesNon-ionizingradiationLasers危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志是設(shè)備所能提供的健康及安全控制措施的重要組成部分之一，它能警告人們與設(shè)備伴隨的潛在隱患。危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)用于通過其他手段不能完全消除設(shè)備隱患，并且仍存在有接觸這些隱患的可能的情況下。這包括這些隱患會(huì)在整個(gè)正常操作條件下出現(xiàn)以及只會(huì)在特定條件下出現(xiàn)兩種情況。危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)用于下列會(huì)在設(shè)備中存在的不同隱患：電移動(dòng)部件化學(xué)品高溫表面非電離輻射激光Theselectionofthespecificlabelstobeusedwilldepe

4、ndonthetypesofhazardspresentintheequipment.應(yīng)根據(jù)出現(xiàn)在設(shè)備中的隱患的種類來選擇所應(yīng)采用的危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志的類型。Thisguidewilladdressfourbasicissuesrelatedtotheuseofhazardwarninglabels:本指南將說明使用危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志的四個(gè)基本問題：Whenarelabelsrequired什么時(shí)候需要使用危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志W(wǎng)hereshouldthelabelsbeplaced危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)放在什么地方Whatformatisrequired需要使用什么樣的格式ExamplesofWarningLabels危

5、險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志范例WhenareLabelsRequired什么時(shí)候需要使用危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志Ingeneral,labelsarenotanacceptablesubstituteforremovingorcontrollingthehazardtosafelevelswithengineeringcontrols.Labelsshouldbeprovidedasanadditionalwarningwhenexposuretoahazardispossibleduringoperations,maintenanceorservice,orotherusesoftheequipment.Asanexa

6、mple,ifamaintenancetaskrequiresremovingaguardwhichprovidesprotectionagainstmovingparts,theguardshouldbelabeledbecauseofthepotentialforinjuryfromthemovingparts.Inthiscase,thehazardisonlypresentwhentheguardisremoved.Ifahazardispresentatalltimesduringnormaloperatingconditions,theportionoftheequipmentwh

7、erethehazardispresentshouldbelabeled.總體而言，在消除或控制隱患的安全水平方面，危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志并不是工程控制的一種可接受的替代品。危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)用于在操作、維修、維護(hù)或其他使用設(shè)備過程中可能會(huì)接觸隱患的一種附加的警告。例如，如果一項(xiàng)維修任務(wù)需要移開一個(gè)安全防護(hù)罩，而這個(gè)安全防護(hù)罩會(huì)保護(hù)某一移動(dòng)部件，那么這個(gè)安全防護(hù)罩就應(yīng)該加上危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志，因?yàn)檫@一移動(dòng)部件可能會(huì)造成傷害。在這個(gè)例子中，隱患只是在安全防護(hù)罩被移開以后才會(huì)出現(xiàn)。如果某一隱患在正常操作過程中會(huì)一直存在的話，存在隱患的設(shè)備部分就應(yīng)該予以標(biāo)示。WhereShouldLabelsBePlaced險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志

8、應(yīng)放在什么地方Ifaguardorbarrierisusedtoprovideprotectionagainstahazard,thelabelsshouldbeplacedonthebarrier,guard,coverorpartthatmustbeopenedorremovedtogainaccesstothehazard.Ifthereareseverallayersofbarriers.,outerskinandinteriorguard）,thelabelshouldbeplacedonthelastbarriertoberemovedbeforereachingthehazard

9、ousarea.Someexamplesofthisarelistedbelow:Electricalpanelaccesscoverordoor.Thelabelshouldbeplacedonthepanelcoverordoorwhichwouldallowexposuretoelectricalhazardswhenopened,Aguardoveramovingpartshazard.Thelabelshouldbeplacedonthelastguardorcoverwhichmustberemovedinordertoaccessthemovingparts,如果某一防護(hù)罩或柵欄

10、用于保護(hù)某一危險(xiǎn)，危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志就應(yīng)該放在這些必須打開或移開后才會(huì)接觸到隱患的柵欄、防護(hù)罩或部件上。如果柵欄有幾層（例如外殼和內(nèi)部防護(hù)罩），危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)放置在接觸到危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域之前所應(yīng)移開的最后一層?xùn)艡谏?。以下是一些這樣的例子：配電盤蓋板或門。危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)放在打開后就會(huì)導(dǎo)致接觸電能危險(xiǎn)的蓋板或門上。某一移動(dòng)部件上的防護(hù)罩。危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)放在接觸到移動(dòng)部件之前必須移開的隨后一層防護(hù)罩或蓋板上。Whereequipmentcontainshazardousorpotentiallyhazardousmaterials.chemicals,lasers,X-raysources,awarninglab

11、elshouldbeplacedontheoutsideoftheequipmenttoindicatethehazard（s）containedwithin.如果設(shè)備內(nèi)貯存有危險(xiǎn)的或潛在危險(xiǎn)的物質(zhì)（例如：化學(xué)品、激光、X射線），危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)放在設(shè)備的外表面以注明所存在的隱患。Thelabelshouldbeplacedontheequipmentwhereitismostlikelytobenoticedbypersonnelwhowillbeworkingwiththeequipmentandcouldbeexposedtothehazard.Thisshouldtakeintoacco

12、untthefollowing:這需要從危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)防止在設(shè)備上最容易被使用該設(shè)備并可能會(huì)接觸隱患的人注意的地方。以下幾個(gè)方面考慮：Directionfromwhichpersonnelwillapproachtheareaoftheequipmentwherethehazardispresent.Ifaccessisonlypossiblefromtherearoftheequipment,thelabelshouldbeplacedontherearoftheequipmentwherepersonnelwillworkoraccesstheequipment,人接近設(shè)備危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域部位的方

13、向。如果人只能從設(shè)備的后面接近設(shè)備，那么危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志就應(yīng)放在設(shè)備后面人進(jìn)行操作或接近設(shè)備的地方。Postureofthepersonwhenremovingtheguardorperformingtasksthatinvolvethepotentialforexposure.Ifataskrequiresthatapersonsitonthegroundinordertoremoveaguardorcover,thelabelshouldbeplacedontheguardorcoverwhereitwouldbeeasilyseenwhensittingonthegroundorwhenap

14、proachingtheequipmentforthistask.人移開防護(hù)罩或進(jìn)行可能接觸隱患操作時(shí)的姿勢(shì)。如果某一任務(wù)需要人坐在地上來移開防護(hù)罩或蓋板，危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志就應(yīng)放在人坐在地上時(shí)容易看見的地方。Ifthehazardispresentintheequipmentatalltimesduringnormaloperatingconditions,thelabelshouldbeplacedinanareawhereitcaneasilybeseenbypersonnelworkingwiththeequipmentandnearthelocationofthehazard.Thissh

15、ouldtakeintoaccountthelocationwherepersonnelwillbewhenworkingwiththeequipment.Thus,ifthehazardcanbeaccessedfrombothfrontandback,labelswillbeneededforboththefrontandrearoftheequipment.如果某一隱患會(huì)在設(shè)備的正常操作過程中一直存在，危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志就應(yīng)該放在危險(xiǎn)源附近并容易被操作人員看見的地方。這需要考慮操作設(shè)備時(shí)人的位置。因此，如果某一隱患從設(shè)備的前面和后面都可以接觸到，那么設(shè)備的前面和后面就都應(yīng)該有危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志。Wh

16、atFormatisRequired需要什么樣的格式Thebasicformatrequiresthreelevelsofinformationandformatting:Apictogram/graphicshowingwhatthehazardis,Asignalword(Danger,Warning,Caution)baseduponthehazardlevel,Textdescribingthehazard,thepotentialhazardousoutcomeandtheprecautionstoavoidthehazard所有危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志的基本格式至少應(yīng)包括以下三個(gè)層次的信息和格

17、式：一個(gè)能表明隱患是什么的象形圖一個(gè)表明隱患級(jí)別的信號(hào)文字(危險(xiǎn)、警告、注意)一段描述隱患、潛在的危險(xiǎn)后果以及避免危險(xiǎn)的防范措施的文字。Thedefinitionsofthesignalwordsaresummarizedbelow:CAUTION:Thehazardmayresultinminorormoderateinjury.WARNING:Apotentiallyhazardoussituationwhich,ifnotavoided,couldresultindeathorseriousinjury.DANGER:Animminenthazardwhich,ifnotavoided,

18、willresultindeathorseriousinjury.以下總結(jié)了信號(hào)文字的定義:注意：隱患可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致較小的或中等的傷害。警告：如果不預(yù)防，可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致死亡或嚴(yán)重傷害的危險(xiǎn)情況。危險(xiǎn)：如果不預(yù)防，肯定回導(dǎo)致死亡或嚴(yán)重傷害的隱患。Asanexample,theformatforanelectricalhazardwarninglabelwouldbethefollowing:Pictogram:PictureofelectricalsymbolSignalWordWarningText:HazardousVoltageContactMayCauseElectricShockorBur

19、nTurnoffandlockoutsystembeforeservicing例如，一個(gè)電能隱患的危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)包括以下內(nèi)容：電力標(biāo)志的圖形贅小W 口危險(xiǎn)高壓象形圖：信號(hào)文字：文字：直接接觸或?qū)е码姄艋蜃苽S護(hù)前應(yīng)關(guān)閉并鎖閉系統(tǒng)Hazardouswarninglabelsformat:危害警告標(biāo)志格式：信號(hào)文字Signalwords文本Text象形圖PictogramSize尺寸：Large大250mm*392mmMedium中200mm*313mmSmall小150mm*235mmExamplesofWarningLabels危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志范例Forexample:例如：警生WARNING高壓

20、危險(xiǎn)有觸電和起火危險(xiǎn)操作前關(guān)閉并鎖定系統(tǒng)電源HazardousvoltageRiskofelectricshockorburnTurnoffandlockoutsystempowerbeforeservicingA小心»CAUTION移動(dòng)部件會(huì)造成壓傷和割傷與手保持距離禁止移開防護(hù)罩進(jìn)行操作MovingpartscancrushandcutKeephandsclearDoNOToperatewithguardremovedSignalwords信號(hào)文字A小心CAUTIONA蓋福Pictogram象形圖FireProtection消防類LK7滅火器Fireextinguisher消防水

21、帶Firehose消防手動(dòng)啟動(dòng)器Manualactivatingdevice發(fā)聲警報(bào)器Firealarm消防梯Fire ladder滅火設(shè)備Fire-fightingequipment擊碎板面BreaktoobtainaccessProhibition禁止類禁止帶火種禁止用水滅火Nowateringtoputoutthefire禁止吸煙Nosmoking禁止煙火NoburningNomatches禁止阻塞Noobstructing禁止放易燃物禁止飲用禁止鎖閉NolockingNoflammablematerialsNodrinking禁止穿化纖服Noputtingon禁止啟動(dòng)禁止合閘NostartingNoswitching禁止戴手套Noputtingonglovesonchemicalfibreclothings禁止攀登禁止轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)Noturning禁止觸摸NotouchingNoclimbing禁止停留NostoppingWarning警告類AAAA當(dāng)心觸電當(dāng)心燙傷當(dāng)心凍傷當(dāng)心鏟車Danger,electricshockCaution,scaldCaution,fr