國際經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)英文課件(薩爾瓦多第十版)ch01

1、Tenth EditionIntroductionDominick SalvatoreJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc.Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.CHAPTER O N EIn this chapter:nThe Globalization of the World Economy 世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的全球化nInternational Trade and the Nations Standard of living 國際貿(mào)易與一國的生活水平nThe

2、 International Flow of Goods, Services, Labor and Capital 商品、服務(wù)、勞動(dòng)力和資本的國際流動(dòng)Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.nInternational Economic Theories and Policies 國際經(jīng)濟(jì)理論和政策nCurrent International Economic Problems 當(dāng)前國際經(jīng)濟(jì)問題nOrganization and Methodology of the Tex

3、t 本書的結(jié)構(gòu)和學(xué)習(xí)方法Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.The Globalization of the World EconomynA globalizing world provides opportunities and challenges to nations and people in the world. 世界正在迅速全球化，這給全世界的國家和人民帶來了很多機(jī)遇，也帶了巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。nFlow of goods and servicesnFlow of

4、labor and jobsnFlow of financial instruments, currencySalvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.The Globalization of the World EconomynThree periods of rapid globalization 三次快速全球化三次快速全球化n1870-1914nResulted from industrial revolution, opening up of new resource

5、sources in “regions of recent settlement” 由工業(yè)革命引起，在新居民地地區(qū)開發(fā)新資源來源Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.nMillions of immigrants, vast amounts of foreign investments, increased production 涌入數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的移民、大量的海外投資和增加的產(chǎn)量nEnded with breakout of World War I in 1914. 結(jié)束于

6、1914年的一戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.The Globalization of the World EconomynThree periods of rapid globalizationn1945-1980nDismantling of heavy trade protection led to rapid increase in international trade. 嚴(yán)重國際貿(mào)易保護(hù)的分解導(dǎo)致國際貿(mào)易迅速增加Salvatore: Interna

7、tional Economics, 10th Edition 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.The Globalization of the World EconomynThree periods of rapid globalizationn1980 to presentnMost pervasive and dramatic period of globalization 全球化最廣泛和劇烈的階段nFueled by improvements in telecommunications and transportation 受益于電信和運(yùn)輸極大改善Salv

8、atore: International Economics, 10th Edition 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.nElimination of restrictions on capital flows led to massive international capital movements 資本流動(dòng)限制的消除導(dǎo)致了大量國際資本流動(dòng)nMost countries in the world participated 大多數(shù)國家積極參與Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition 2009 John

9、Wiley & Sons, Inc.nAnti-Globalization Movement 反全球化運(yùn)動(dòng)反全球化運(yùn)動(dòng)nClaims globalization sacrifices human and environmental well-being to corporate profits of mutinationals 聲稱全球化為了跨國公司的利潤而犧牲了人類和環(huán)境福利，Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.The Globalization of the

10、 World EconomynGlobalization is blamed for: 全球化受到指責(zé)是因?yàn)椋簄World poverty and child labor in poor countries 世界貧困和貧困國家的童工問題nJob losses and lower wages in rich countries富裕國家的失業(yè)和工資的下降nEnvironmental pollution and climate change環(huán)境污染和氣候變化Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition 2009 John Wiley & S

11、ons, Inc.International Trade and the Nations Standard of LivingnInterdependence相互相互依存依存nEconomic relationship among nations國家之間的經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系nRoughly measured as ratio of a nations imports and exports of goods and services to GDP用一國商品和服務(wù)進(jìn)出口總值比上GDP的比值來粗略衡量Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition 2010

12、John Wiley & Sons, Inc.nMuch larger for smaller industrial and developing countries than for United States 小工業(yè)國家和發(fā)展中國家，貿(mào)易依存度要比美國大得多Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.FIGURE 1-1 Imports and Exports as a Percentage of GDP in Various Countries in 2001.S

13、alvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.International Trade and the Nations Standard of LivingnSources of potential gain for United States:對(duì)美國來說潛在得益來源有：nAccess to items with limited availability domestically (such as coffee, bananas, cognac, tin, tungsten, pet

14、roleum and copper)可以獲得許多國內(nèi)受到限制商品（如咖啡、香蕉）nAccess to lower cost products可以獲得低成本的產(chǎn)品nAccess to greater product variety 可以增加產(chǎn)品的多樣性Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.nEconomic interdependence has been increasing over the years. 在過去這些年經(jīng)濟(jì)依存度一直在提高Salvatore: Inter

15、national Economics, 10th Edition 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.FIGURE 1-2 Growth of World Production and Trade, 1990-2001 (annual percentage changes).Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.FIGURE 1-3 Imports and Exports as a Percentage of U.S. GDP, 1965-20

16、01.Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.The International Flow of Goods, Services, Labor and CapitalnGravity Model引力模型引力模型nOther things equal, the bilateral trade between two countries is proportional, or at least positively related, to the product of the

17、two countries GDPs, and the greater the distance between the two countries, the smaller is their bilateral trade.其他條件不變，兩國雙邊貿(mào)易是與這兩個(gè)國家的GDP成比例或至少正相關(guān)；兩個(gè)國家距離越遠(yuǎn)，貿(mào)易額越低。Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.nThat is, the larger (and more equal in size) and the clo

18、ser two countries are, the larger the volume of trade between them is expected to be. 也就是說，兩個(gè)國家GDP越大、距離越近，則預(yù)期兩國貿(mào)易額越大Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.nInternational Trade Theory國際貿(mào)易理論國際貿(mào)易理論nAnalyzes the basis of and the gains from international trade.分析

19、國際貿(mào)易基礎(chǔ)和所得International Economic Theories and PoliciesSalvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.nInternational Trade TheorynInternational Trade Policy國際貿(mào)易政策國際貿(mào)易政策nExamines the reasons for and the effects of restrictions on international trade.考察國際貿(mào)易的原因和影響Interna

20、tional Economic Theories and PoliciesSalvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.nInternational Trade TheorynInternational Trade PolicynBalance of Payments國際收支國際收支nMeasures a nations total receipts from and total payments to rest of the world.測度一國與外部世界交易的總收入和總支出I

21、nternational Economic Theories and PoliciesSalvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.nInternational Trade TheorynInternational Trade PolicynBalance of PaymentsnForeign Exchange Markets外匯市場外匯市場nThe institutional framework for the exchange of one national currenc

22、y into another.一國與他國貨幣交換的框架International Economic Theories and PoliciesSalvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.nInternational Trade TheorynInternational Trade PolicynBalance of PaymentsnForeign Exchange MarketsnAdjustments in the Balance of Payments國際國際收支調(diào)解收支

23、調(diào)解International Economic Theories and PoliciesSalvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Salvatore: International Economics, 8th Edition 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.nFocuses on the relationship between internal and external aspects of the economy of a nation

24、, and their interdependence with rest of the world economy under different international monetary systems.國際經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)關(guān)注一國經(jīng)濟(jì)內(nèi)外部之間的關(guān)系，以及在不同國際貨幣體系同世界其他國家的相互依存性27nDeep financial and economic crisis深度的金融和經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)nTrade protectionism in advanced countries發(fā)達(dá)國家的貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義nExcessive fluctuations and misalignments in exchange rates and financial crises匯率過度波動(dòng)和失衡以及金融危機(jī)Current International Economic ProblemsSalvatore: I