簡化版第9講長句的翻譯

1、1Lecture 9Translation of long and difficult sentences長句的翻譯經貿B22, B2May27, 20132TED TALK FILMED FEB 2013; POSTED APR 2013 1. Taylor Wilson : My radical plan for small nuclear fission reactors(核裂變反應堆） 2. Nilofer Merchant: Got a meeting? Take a walk 3. David Pogue : 10 top time-saving tech tips http:/

2、Wilson: My radical plan for small nuclear fission reactors(核裂變反應堆） Taylor Wilson was 14 when he built a nuclear fusion reactor in his parents garage. Now 19, he returns to the TED stage to present a new take on an old topic: fission. Wilson, who has won backing to create a company to realize his vis

3、ion, explains why hes so excited about his innovative design for small modular fission reactors and why it could be the next big step in solving the global energy crisis. Bio: At 14, Taylor Wilson became the youngest person to achieve fusion - with a reactor born in his garage. Now he wants to save

4、our seaports from nuclear terror. 42. Nilofer Merchant : Got a meeting? Take a walk Nilofer Merchant suggests a small idea that just might have a big impact on your life and health: Next time you have a one-on-one meeting, make it into a walking meeting - and let ideas flow while you walk and talk.

5、Bio: Business innovator Nilofer Merchant thinks deeply about the frameworks, strategies and cultural values of companies. 53. David Pogue : 10 top time-saving tech tips Tech columnist David Pogue shares 10 simple, clever tips for computer, web, smartphone and camera users. And yes, you may know a fe

6、w of these already - but theres probably at least one you dont. Bio: David Pogue is the personal technology columnist for the New York Times and a tech correspondent for CBS News. Hes also one of the worlds bestselling how-to authors, with titles in the For Dummies series and his own line of Missing

7、 Manual books. 6 FUN TIME 世上最強的中國式英文世上最強的中國式英文 1We two who and who？咱倆誰跟誰阿 2How are you ？ How old are you？怎么是你，怎么老是你？ 3You dont bird me，I dont bird you. 你不鳥我，我也不鳥你 4You have seed! I will give you some color to see see，brothers ！ together up ！ 你有種，我要給你點顏色瞧瞧，兄弟們，一起上！ 5. Hello everybody！if you have some

8、thing to say，then say！if you have nothing to say，go home！ 有事起奏，無事退朝 6You me you me 彼此彼此 7You Give Me Stop！你給我站??！ 8Know is know, noknow is noknow. 知之為知之，不知為不知 7 9WATCH SISTER 表妹 10Dragon born dragon，chicken born chicken，mouseson can make hole！ 龍生龍，鳳生鳳，老鼠的兒子會打洞！ 11American Chinese not enough美中不足 12One

9、 car come one car go ，two car pengpeng，people die車禍現場描述 13Heart flower angry open心花怒放 14Go past no mistake past 走過路過，不要錯過 15.U R American girl 你是美女 8 1. 定義：結構復雜，包含多個從句或短語的句子。定義：結構復雜，包含多個從句或短語的句子。 1) (a) Since the company would not desire applicants (b) who do not have a good profile, it is important

10、 (c) that an application form sent to a prospective applicant should request clear information about such things as the applicants age, qualifications and work experience as well as references from other individuals (d) who know the applicant well. 1) 參考譯文：由于公司不會錄用個人材料不佳的申請者，因此向有希望的應聘者寄發(fā)包括諸如年齡、資力、工作

11、經驗等簡明信息的申請表，并向了解應聘者情況的有關人士征求參考意見是很重要的。 92. 英語長句特點: 1）結構復雜，邏輯層次多; 2）常須根據上下文作詞義的引申; 3）常須根據上下文對指代詞的指代關系做出判斷; 4）并列成分多; 5）修飾語多，特別是后置定語很長; 6）習慣搭配和成語經常出現。 長句的結構大致有三類： 1)頭重腳輕：即主句謂語之前有一大串內容； 2)尾大不掉:主句開門見山,謂語之后一長串尾巴 3)長句由許多并列分句/并列結構/插入成分組成10 1) 對于原文的準確理解；2) 在譯文當中恰如其分的表達。 翻譯啟示：翻譯步驟：理解表達 理解：理解：先進行表層語法結構分析先進行表層語

12、法結構分析然后進然后進行深層次的信息結構分析行深層次的信息結構分析 進而按照邏輯進而按照邏輯順序把句子的各個部分內容串成一句完整順序把句子的各個部分內容串成一句完整的話語加以理解的話語加以理解 表達：表達：翻譯時注意語義整合與語序安排，翻譯時注意語義整合與語序安排，按漢語表達習慣將原文內容用地道專業(yè)的按漢語表達習慣將原文內容用地道專業(yè)的漢語加以再現。漢語加以再現。3.長句的翻譯11 長句翻譯的步驟演示長句翻譯的步驟演示: 2) In Africa I met a boy，who was crying as if his heart would break and said，when I spo

13、ke to him，that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days. 分析: 第一，拆分句子:這個長句可以拆分為四段:In Africa I met a boy/who was crying as if his heart would break/when I spoke to him，that he was hungry because/he had had no food for two days. 第二，句子的結構分析:（1）主干結構是主語+過去式+賓語:I met a boy。（2）crying后面是狀語從句“as

14、if his heart would break”。（3）“when I spoke to him”是介于“said”和“that he was hungry because”之間的插入語。 第三，難點部分的處理:“crying as if his heart would break”應譯為“哭得傷心極了”。 2) 參考譯文：在非洲，我遇到一個小孩，他哭得傷心極了，我問他時，他說他餓，有兩天沒有吃飯了。12 英文長句的漢譯/表達主要有四種處理方法： 3.4.1 順譯: 3.4.2 逆譯: 3.4.3 拆譯: 3.4.4 綜合法:13 3.4.1 順譯順譯:按原文句子結構的順序進行翻譯。按原文句

15、子結構的順序進行翻譯。 順譯較適合三種長復合句：A. 時間/原因/條件/讓步/方式狀語等在前狀語等在前，主句在后；B. 只含或主要含名詞性從句的長復合句；C. 原文敘述層次與漢語相近的長句。 特點：行文方式與漢語基本相同，即按時間順序、前因特點：行文方式與漢語基本相同，即按時間順序、前因后果，先介紹后總結，先次要后主要等。后果，先介紹后總結，先次要后主要等。 下例屬于“時間/原因/條件/讓步/方式狀語等在前狀語等在前，主句在后”的例子：14 3) Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is

16、 working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. 參考譯文：即使在我們關掉了床頭燈深深地進入夢鄉(xiāng)時, 電仍在為我們工作: 幫我們開動電冰箱, 把水加熱, 或使室內空調機繼續(xù)運轉。15 下面兩例是原文敘述層次與漢語相近的例子：4) Through the staff reporting system, staff are also encouraged to take part in setting their work targets for

17、the coming year, to identify their own training needs and to develop their own ambitions so that these may be taken into account in career planning. 4) 參考譯文：通過職員匯報制度，公司還鼓勵職員參與制定他們自己明年的工作目標，確定/認同他們自己的培訓需求，發(fā)展他們自己的雄心壯志，以便公司在制定專業(yè)培訓計劃時把這些也考慮在內。16 3.4.2 逆譯逆譯:由于英、漢語在表達順序上的不同，漢語一由于英、漢語在表達順序上的不同，漢語一般是般是“先發(fā)生的

18、事情先說，后發(fā)生的后說先發(fā)生的事情先說，后發(fā)生的后說”，“先原因，先原因，后結果后結果”，“先次要，后主要先次要，后主要”的習慣；而英語有許多的習慣；而英語有許多時候跟漢語正好相反：更多的把主句放在句首，分析說時候跟漢語正好相反：更多的把主句放在句首，分析說明部分置后；有時為了強調，把某些部分放在句首或反明部分置后；有時為了強調，把某些部分放在句首或反常的位置。翻譯時要根據漢語的表達方式，對原語順序常的位置。翻譯時要根據漢語的表達方式，對原語順序進行調整；有時還要重新組合譯文，以達到畫龍點睛、進行調整；有時還要重新組合譯文，以達到畫龍點睛、突出主題的目的。突出主題的目的。 1)主句在前、狀從在

19、后；主句在前、狀從在后；2)帶限定性定從和作定語的各帶限定性定從和作定語的各種短語構成的長復合句；種短語構成的長復合句；3)從句和短語較多且原文敘述從句和短語較多且原文敘述層次與漢語相差較大。層次與漢語相差較大。17 5）Volvo turnover fell five per cent to twenty point six billion Swedish kronor from twenty-one point eight billion Swedish kronor in the first three months of last year despite a substantial

20、rise in the volume of car sales. 5）參考譯文：盡管其汽車的銷售量有了大幅度的增長,然而沃爾沃的營業(yè)額下跌了5,(即)從去年前三個月的218億瑞典克朗下降到206億瑞典克朗。18 6）The time is now near at hand which must probably determine whether Americans are to be freemen or slaves; whether they are to have any property they can call their own; whether their houses an

21、d farms are to be pillaged（搶劫；劫掠；掠奪） and destroyed, and themselves consigned（把置于令人不愉快的境地） to a state of wretchedness from which no human efforts will deliver them. 19 6）參考譯文：美國人將會成為自由人還是奴隸，他們是否將擁有稱得上屬于自己的財產，他們的房屋和農莊是否會遭到掠奪和毀壞，他們自己是否會陷入任何人力都無法拯救的悲慘境地現在，也許必須決定這一切的時刻就在眼前。 析：這里原文的行文方式是先總說，即先說出結論，接著再談具體事

22、情；而譯文則先談論具體情況，最后再總說，這也是英漢兩種語言在行文方式上的不同。這種行文方式的不同由兩個原因引起：一是兩種語言本身的規(guī)定性使然，另一個原因是英美人的思維方式同漢民族人們的思維方式有相異的地方，表現在語言上就存在這種差異。20 3.4.3 拆譯拆譯 拆譯是指原文句中過長，同時又含有多層意思，而主句和從句或者修飾部分之間的關系又不很緊密，如果在譯文中用一個句子對原文進行翻譯，反而會引起句意的混亂，這時就需要拆譯。拆譯的目的是為了使得句子意思的表達清楚明了。 7）Further clouding the new governments attempts to forge a viabl

23、e（可實施的；切實可行的） trading relationship with the west and encourage foreign investment, is a massive debt burden to the Soviet Union, the total of which is disputed between Ulan Bator and Moscow. 7）參考譯文：蒙古國對蘇聯欠下巨額債務，包袱沉重。這進一步影響到新政府想單獨與西方建立貿易關系和鼓勵外國投資的打算。這筆巨額債務的數目究竟是多少，烏蘭巴托和莫斯科雙方說法不一。21 8）每年的兩屆（廣州）交易會，把全國

24、幾乎所有的外貿公司和出口商品集中起來，統(tǒng)一到廣州展出、成交，減少了我們到國外推銷的支出，外商也可只派少數人到會選購，不必花大人力到我各口岸尋找生意，節(jié)省了買賣雙方的費用，深受國外經營各種商品的中小客商的歡迎。 8）參考譯文：The biannual Guangzhou fair is attended by almost all foreign trade companies in the country and presents a great number of export commodities to buyers from abroad . Lots of business tran

25、sactions are concluded at the fair. As sellers and buyers can all gather in a place to conduct trade talks, the fair apparently saves sellers and buyers much time and expenses. This explains why the Guangzhou fair has all along been welcomed by overseas traders. 22 3.4.4 綜合法：綜合法：各種方法綜合運用各種方法綜合運用。 9）

26、It did not take long, however, for man to realize that there were some things he was more capable of doing than others and that it would benefit him to concentrate his efforts on the production of those goods in which he was particularly proficient and leave others to produce the goods that called f

27、or skills which he did not possess . 23 9）參考譯文：但是，不久人們就意識到，有些事情他能比別人做得更好，而且，假如他集中精力生產那些他擅長生產的商品，而讓其他人去生產那些需要別的技能（而這些技能是他不具備的）才能生產出來的商品，那么他就有利可圖了。 析：本例句中,主句是It did not take long, however, for man to realize。第一個和第二個由that引導的從句均是賓從；第二個由that引導的賓從還帶有三個由in which, that和which引導的定從。翻譯英語這種“多枝共干”的長句時，要注意目的語的表達習

28、慣和方式，行文要盡量簡短精練，同時在句式上要做一些調整和重組，使得譯文文從句順。24 9）參考譯文：但是，不久人們就意識到，有些事情他能比別人做得更好，而且，假如他集中精力生產那些他擅長生產的商品，而讓其他人去生產那些需要別的技能（而這些技能是他不具備的）才能生產出來的商品，那么他就有利可圖了。 本例句中對于第二個賓從的翻譯進行了文字順序的調整：第二個賓從的主干部分為it would benefit him, 次要成分為to concentrate his efforts on the production of those goods in which he was particularly

29、 proficient and leave others to produce the goods that called for skills which he did not possess。如果按照原文的順序翻譯則不符合漢語的表達習慣和方式。漢語里習慣將從屬部分放在主句的前面，而將主句本身放在后面。這里的譯文注意到了這種中英文的差異，將“假如”從句放在了“那么他就有利可圖了”的前面。另外，將原文中的定從“which he did not possess”翻譯成漢語時，用括號置于“技能”一詞之后，正好表明了定從同原文中“skills”之間的關系。25長句翻譯技巧小結 英語有許多長句（尤其在

30、科技、法律英語中），主要是其特英語有許多長句（尤其在科技、法律英語中），主要是其特點所決定的：點所決定的：周密、嚴謹、準確、詳盡、完整、邏輯性強等，周密、嚴謹、準確、詳盡、完整、邏輯性強等，往往盤根錯節(jié)、疊床架屋。它們包含多層修飾成分如副詞、往往盤根錯節(jié)、疊床架屋。它們包含多層修飾成分如副詞、形容詞、短語、定語從句或狀語從句等，而每一個成分就有形容詞、短語、定語從句或狀語從句等，而每一個成分就有可能包含一層意思。可能包含一層意思。 漢語的特點截然不同：在表達復雜概念時，大多采用短句，漢語的特點截然不同：在表達復雜概念時，大多采用短句，其層次關系、邏輯關系等更多的是內涵于話語中。根據英漢其層次關

31、系、邏輯關系等更多的是內涵于話語中。根據英漢語的不同特點，在對長句的語法結構、邏輯層次和時間順序語的不同特點，在對長句的語法結構、邏輯層次和時間順序等有清楚了解的基礎上，可采用以下等有清楚了解的基礎上，可采用以下四種四種翻譯方法進行漢譯：翻譯方法進行漢譯： 順譯、逆譯、拆譯、綜合譯法順譯、逆譯、拆譯、綜合譯法等。等。26TED TALK FILMED FEB 2013; POSTED APR 2013 1. Taylor Wilson : My radical plan for small nuclear fission reactors(核裂變反應堆） 2. Nilofer Merchant

32、: Got a meeting? Take a walk 3. David Pogue : 10 top time-saving tech tips http:/ Wilson: My radical plan for small nuclear fission reactors(核裂變反應堆） Taylor Wilson was 14 when he built a nuclear fusion reactor in his parents garage. Now 19, he returns to the TED stage to present a new take on an old

33、topic: fission. Wilson, who has won backing to create a company to realize his vision, explains why hes so excited about his innovative design for small modular fission reactors and why it could be the next big step in solving the global energy crisis. Bio: At 14, Taylor Wilson became the youngest p

34、erson to achieve fusion - with a reactor born in his garage. Now he wants to save our seaports from nuclear terror. 282. Nilofer Merchant : Got a meeting? Take a walk Nilofer Merchant suggests a small idea that just might have a big impact on your life and health: Next time you have a one-on-one mee

35、ting, make it into a walking meeting - and let ideas flow while you walk and talk. Bio: Business innovator Nilofer Merchant thinks deeply about the frameworks, strategies and cultural values of companies. 293. David Pogue : 10 top time-saving tech tips Tech columnist David Pogue shares 10 simple, clever tips for computer, web, smartphone and camera users. And yes, you may know a few of these already - but theres probably at least one you dont. Bio: David Pogue is the personal technology columnist for the New York Times and a tech correspondent for CBS News. He