2019高考英語二輪培優(yōu)復習專題三閱讀理解習題10

1、專題三閱讀理解考試大綱要求考綱解讀要求考生閱讀4篇短文， 從每題所給的選項中選 出最佳選項。題材廣泛， 包括科普、社會、文化、 政治、經(jīng)濟等多方面內(nèi) 容。體裁多樣，以記敘 文、議論文、說明文為 主?？疾橹髦即?意、細節(jié)理 解、推理判 斷、詞義猜測 等題型。高中英語教學大綱明確規(guī)定“側(cè)重提高閱讀能 力”，這為我們的備考指明了方向。分析近幾年的 高考英語試題，我們不難看出，閱讀理解是高考試 題中難度最大，區(qū)分度最高的題型，自始至終占據(jù) 著主導地位。閱讀理解能力屬于語言的領(lǐng)會技能， 它不僅考查對語篇的整體把握能力，而且考查快速 捕捉信息、準確理解特定細節(jié)以及復雜句子的能 力。不僅要準確埋解文章表層的

2、意思，還要通過表 層去推理、判斷。除此之外，還涉及非語言因素， 如：對所學語百國家的社會和文化背景知識的掌 握、生活常識、邏輯知識和語言修養(yǎng)等。江蘇高考閱讀理解近五年考情分布明細統(tǒng)計一一年份內(nèi)容20182017201620152014記敘文00100議論文11021應用文11111說明文22212題型細節(jié)理解題77858推理判斷題66376主旨大意題20321詞義猜測題12110總結(jié)近幾年江蘇高考閱讀理解可知，選材上更注重體現(xiàn)現(xiàn)實生活。所選文章涉及話題廣，蘊涵豐富的人文、科普知識，具有思想性、人文性、趣味性、實用性等特點和鮮明的時代特色。文章選材豐富多樣，注重考查考生在不同的語言背景下靈活運用

3、英語語言知識分析問題和解決問題的能力。設題方式仍以細節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題為主，符合考試大綱要求，推理判斷題的比重有所加 大。總體來說，語篇的難易度呈現(xiàn)層次性，區(qū)分度較高，高分難得，有利于高考選拔。II 2018高考題|AThe Metropolitan Museum of Art1000 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10028211-535-7710 EntrancesFifth Avenue at 82nd StreetHoursOpen 7 days a week.Sunday-Thursday 10 : 00-17 ： 30Fri

4、day and Saturday 10: 00-21 ： 00Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25, January 1, and the first Monday in May.Admission$25.00 recommended for adults, $12.00 recommended for studentsincludes the MainBuilding and The Cloisters（ 回廊）on the same day; free for children under 12 with an adult.Free with Admis

5、sionAll special exhibitions, as well as films, lectures, guided tours, concerts ,gallery talks , and family/children s programs are free with admission.Ask about today s activities at the Great Hall Information Desk.The Cloisters Museum and GardensThe Cloisters museum and gardens is a branch of The

6、Metropolitan Museum of Art devoted to the art and architecture of Europe in the Middle Ages.The extensive collection consists of masterworks in sculpture, colored glass, and precious objects from Europe dating from about the 9th to the 15th century.Hours : Open 7 days a week.March-October 10 : 00-17

7、 ： 15November-February 10 : 00-16: 45Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25, and January 1.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應用文，介紹了紐約大都會藝術(shù)博物館的參觀須知。56 .How much may they pay if an 11-year-old girl and her working parents visit the museum?A.$12.B.$37.D.$62.C.$50.答案 C 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題意并結(jié)合Admission 部分中的$25.00 recommended foradults fr

8、ee for children under 12 with an adult”可知，他們應付兩個成年人的門票費用。故選Co 57 .The attraction of the Cloisters museum and gardens lies in the fact that.A.it opens all the year roundB.its collections date from the Middle AgesC.it has a modern European-style gardenD.it sells excellent European glass collections答案

9、B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The Cloisters Museum and Gardens部分的前兩句可知它吸引人的地方在于它的收藏品可追溯到中世紀，故選 Bo BIn the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted （享有）a special meat soup called consomm； .Although the main attraction was the soup, Roze s chain shops also set a new standard for dining out, which helped

10、 to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants.Take visual hints that influence what we eat: diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta （意大利面食）when their plates matched their food.When a dar

11、k-colored cake was served on a black plate ratherthan a white one, customersrecognized it as sweeter and more tasty.Lighting matters, too.When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn t tell how much they d had: those given extra -large shares ate more than everyone else, but were no

12、ne the wiser they didn t feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants.Unlike fast-food places, fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend.One way to encourage customers to stay and or

13、der that extra round: put on some Mozart （ 莫扎特 ）.When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more.Fast music hurried diners out.Particular scents also have an effect: diners whogot the scent of lavender （薰衣草）stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.

14、Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending “bad” tables, crowding,high prices don t necessarily.Diners at bad tables next to the kitchen door, say spent nearly as much as others but soon fled.It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “ be overly concerned about bad tab

15、les ”， given that they re profitable.As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found thatthey increased a restaurant sreputation, suggesting great food at fair prices.And doubling a buffet s price ledcustomers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.【語篇解讀】 本文講述了影響餐飲業(yè)效益的幾個因素。58 .The underlined phrase “ n

16、one the wiser ” in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were .A.not aware of eating more than usualB.not willing to share food with othersC.not conscious of the food qualityD.not fond of the food provided答案 A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，在餐館里的燈光昏暗的情況下，顧客判斷不出自己吃了多少食物，即使吃多了也不會覺得飽，因為他們意識不到自己比平時吃得多。故

17、答案為 A。 59 .How could a fine dining shop make more profit?A.Playing classical music.B.Introducing lemon scent.C.Making the light brighter.D.Using plates of larger size.答案 A 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“ One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round ： put on some Mozart.diners spent more ”可知，要想讓顧

18、客在餐館多停 留、多消費，餐館可以播放古典音樂，故A 項符合題意。 60 .What does the last paragraph talk about?A.Tips to attract more customers.B.Problems restaurants are faced with.reput ation.C.Ways to improve restaurantsD.Common misunderstandings about restaurants.答案 D 段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段的首句可知，人們認為的一些會阻止顧客消費的因素都不一定會是如此；下文圍繞此進行了說明。故本題答案

19、為 D 項。 CIf you want to disturb the car industry, you d better have a few billion dollars:Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies.But in agriculture, small farmers can get the best of the major players.By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to ch

20、anges in the markets as well as in the ecosystems （生態(tài)系統(tǒng) ）, small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys.As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition（NYFC,美國青年農(nóng)會 ）and a family farmer myself, I havea front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the

21、industry.For example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local Slow Money group.It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour a huge improvem

22、ent over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California.Before the tool cameout, small farmers couldn t touch the price per pound offered by California farms.But now, with the combination of a better price point an

23、d a generally fresher product, they can stay in business.The sustainable success of small farmers, though, won t happen without fundamental changes to the industry.One crucial factor is secure access to land.Competition from investors, developers, and established large farmers makes owning one s own

24、 landunattainable for many new farmers.From 2004 to 2013, agricultural land values doubled, and they continue to rise in many regions.Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existentpath to citizenship the greatest barrierto building a farm

25、of theirown.With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering （多于 ） farmers younger than 35 by sixto one, and with two-third s of the nation s farmland in need of a new farmer, we must clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nation s food.There are solutions that could light a path toward

26、a more sustainable and fair farmeconomy, but farmers can t clumsily put th em together before us.We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverseand ambitious

27、next generation of farmers from all backgrounds.With a new farm bill tobe debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.【語篇解讀】 本文呈現(xiàn)了美國小農(nóng)場的特點及其目前發(fā)展面臨的問題。61 .The author mentions car industry, at the beginning of the passage to introduceA.the progress made in car industryB.a speci

28、al feature of agricultureC.a trend of development in agricultureD.the importance of investing in car industry答案 B 推理判斷題。文章開頭作者提到 Mom-and-pop 汽車制造商不可能打敗最大的汽車公司，以此為例引出文章的主題，隨后介紹了美國農(nóng)業(yè)的特點，故選 B。 62 .What does the author want to illustrate with the example in paragraph 2?A.Loans to small local farmers are

29、 necessary.B.Technology is vital for agricultural development.C.Competition between small and big farms is fierce.D.Small farmers may gain some advantages over big ones.答案 D 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的例子和該段中的“ suddenly making it possible forthe little guys to compete with large farms of California ”可知，小農(nóng)場主可以獲得比大農(nóng)

30、場主更多的好處。故選D。 63 .What is the difficulty for those new farmers?A.To gain more financial aid.B.To hire good farm managers.C.To have farms of their own.D.To win old farmers support.答案 C 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“ One crucial factor.for many new farmers知，很多新農(nóng)場主無法獲得他們自己的土地，這是他們的困難所在。故選 C。 64 .What should farmers do

31、for a more sustainable and fair farm economy?A.Seek support beyond NYFC.B.Expand farmland conservation.C.Become members of NYFC.D.Invest more to improve technology.答案 A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句以及最后一段中的“ We at the NYFCneed broad support.all backgrounds可知，除了需要NYFC勺支持，農(nóng)場主還需要獲得其他的幫助。故選A。 DChildren as young as t

32、en are becoming dependent on social media for their sense of self - worth, a major study warned.It found many youngsters （ 少年 ） now measure their status by how much public approval they get online, often through“ likes ” .Some change their behaviour in real life toimprove their image on the web.The

33、report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Children s Commissioner （ 專員 ） Anne Longfield.She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school ill-equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.So

34、me social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly requireusers to be at least 13.The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo-opportunities and then messaging friends and friends of friends to demand “ likes ” for their online posts.The report found that you

35、ngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.Children aged 8 to 10 were “ starting to feel happy” when othersliked theirposts.However, those in the 10 to 12 age group were“concerned with how many peoplelike their posts”，

36、suggesting a “need” for social recognition that gets strongerthe older they become.Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up“worried abouttheir appearance and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow onplatforms, and increasingly anxious about switching

37、 off due to the constant demands of social media ”.She sa id: “ Children are using social media with family and friends and to play gameswhen they are in primary school.But what starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school.”As their

38、world expanded, she said, children compared themselves to others online in a way that was “hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of theirconfidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves ”.Miss Longfield added: “ Then there is thi s push to connect if you go of

39、fline ， will you miss something, will you miss out ， will you show that you don t care about those people you are following, all of those come together in a huge way at once.”“ For children it is very, very difficult to cope with emotionally.” The Children sCommissioner for England s study Life in L

40、ikes found that children as young as 8 were using social media platforms largely for play.However, the research involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12 suggestedthat as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.By the time they started secondary school at age

41、 11 children were already far moreaware of their image online and felt under huge pressure to ensure their posts were popular, the report found.However, they still did not know how to cope with mean-spirited jokes, or the sense of incompetence they might feel if they compared themselves to celebriti

42、es （名人 ） or morebrilliant friends online.The report said they also faced pressure to respond to messages at all hours of the day especially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile phones.The Children s Commissioner said schools and parents must now do more to preparechildren for the emo

43、tional minefield （ 雷區(qū) ） they faced online.Andshe said socialmediacompanies must also “take more responsibility” .They should either monitortheirwebsites better so that children do not sign up too early, or they should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.It s vital that new compulsory

44、Javed Khan, of children s charity Barnardo s, said: age-appropriate relationship and sex education lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media.“ It s also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.【語篇解讀】 本文是一篇說明文，內(nèi)容是關(guān)于

45、社交媒體對孩子的影響的。65.Why did some secondary school students feel too much pressure?A.They were not provided with adequate equipment.B.They were not well prepared for emotional risks.C.They were required to give quick responses.D.They were prevented from using mobile phones.答案 B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ social media firms.they faced online ”可知，一些中學生感到壓力大的原因是他們沒有準備好應對情感風險。故選 B 項。 66.Some social app companies were to blame because .A.they didn t adequately check their users registrationB.they organized photo trips to attract more yo