語法專題九：主謂一致

1、語法專題九：主謂一致主謂一致：即句中謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須與主語的人稱和數(shù)取得一致。常見規(guī)則：1. 謂動(dòng)常用單數(shù)形式的情況，主語為：1) 不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式；2) 動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、單個(gè)主從；3) 書名、劇名、國名、組織機(jī)構(gòu)等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞；4) 表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作為整體；5) 以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞：politics, physics, mathematics, economics(經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)), statistics等；6) 用and連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞，且被each, every, no, many a修飾, 如：every boy and every girl；7)

2、由and連接兩個(gè)名詞，且屬同一概念時(shí)；8) 兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞由and連接，前只有一個(gè)冠詞，表示“兼”；9) one of, one in / out of, more than one；the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞； 10) 當(dāng)定從的先行詞為the (only) one of；11) 在強(qiáng)調(diào)句It is / was that / who中；12) one and a half 后面接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。2. 謂動(dòng)常用復(fù)數(shù)形式的情況，主語為：1) 復(fù)數(shù)名詞；由and或bothand連接兩個(gè)名詞2) cattle, the police, people等3) the + 形容詞 /

3、分詞，代表一類人或物4) A number of, numbers of5) Quantities of / Amounts of 3. 謂動(dòng)須根據(jù)主語具體情況而定：1) all, most, some, half, part, rest, a lot of, plenty of, a quantity of, 百分比、分?jǐn)?shù)等：指代可數(shù)名詞，謂動(dòng)用復(fù)數(shù)；指代不可數(shù)名詞，則用單數(shù)。2) 表示集體名稱的名詞audience, company(伙), band, crowd, club, class, group, family, public, team, population, party等：強(qiáng)

4、調(diào)整體，謂詞用單數(shù)；如指具體成員，則用復(fù)數(shù)。3) 單、復(fù)同形的名詞，如sheep, fish, deer, means等，則根據(jù)其具體數(shù)而定。如：當(dāng)every/a means作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，而all means作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。4) 在“先行詞+定從”結(jié)構(gòu)中，在從句中作主語，定從謂動(dòng)在人稱、數(shù)上與先行詞保持一致。5) 由what引導(dǎo)主從，謂動(dòng)一般用單數(shù)，但若表語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，則謂動(dòng)用復(fù)數(shù)。6) 由a kind of, this kind of, many kinds of ,或名詞+ of this kind 等以及與kind 意思相近的type , sort 等構(gòu)成的類似短

5、語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與of 前的名詞保持一致。4. 就近原則：即謂動(dòng)由靠近它的名詞決定其單復(fù)數(shù)。主要用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：There / Here / Such + v. + n.Notbut; Not onlybut alsoor; Eitheror; Neithernor 5. 就遠(yuǎn)原則：當(dāng)along with， as well as, rather than, but, except, besides, with, together with, like, including, in addition to等連接兩個(gè)名詞時(shí)，謂動(dòng)由前面的名詞決定其單復(fù)數(shù)。鞏固練習(xí)1. No one in the

6、 department but Tom and I _that the director is going to resign. A. knows B. know C. have knows D. am to know2. One thousand dollars _ a lot of money. A. areB. isC. were D. was3. In our country, every boy and every girl the equal right to go to school. A. has B. have C. is D. are4. When and where to

7、 build the new factory yet. A. have not been decided B. is not decided C. are not decided D. has not been decided5. What I want an interesting book while what he wants two cups of coffee.A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are6. A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature

8、and painting tomorrow. A. is B. are C. was D. were7. The cattle _ sold abroad so that the farmers have earned a lot of money. A. has B. has been C. have D. have been8. This pair of trousers my sister. My trousers . A. is belonged to; is being washed B. belongs to; are being washed C. belong to; is w

9、ashed D. are belonging to; has been washed9. - either he or I fit for the job?- Neither he nor you .A. Am; are B. Is; are C. Are; are D. Is; is 10. Truth and honesty _ always the best policy. A. are B. is C. have been D. was11. of the land in that district covered with trees and grass.A. Two-fifth;

10、is B. Two-fifth; areC. Two-fifths; is D. Two-fifths; are12. This kind of apples _ good, but apples of that kind _. A. tastes; dont B. tastes; doesnt C. taste; dont D. taste; doesnt13. More than one boy _ for going to Internet café without being permitted. A. have punished B. have been punished

11、C. has punished D. has been punished14. He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been 15. This is one of the best books that _ appeared this year. A. has B. have C. is D. are16. The population of China larger than that of the

12、USA. A. were B. are C. is D. was17. The young _ eaten up almost everything; one and a half bananas_ left on the table. A. is; are B. are; is C. has; have been D. have; has been18. The number of people invited fifty, but a number of them absent for different reasons.A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 19. Every means tried, but there is no res