2011屆中考英語專題復(fù)習十三：單項填空的考點講解和訓練

1、2011屆中考英語專題復(fù)習十三：單項填空的考點講解和訓練【考點掃描】單項選擇題一向是各省市中考的必考題型。它的特點是考點多，覆蓋面廣，題量大。其主要考查點是：1. 考查基本語法;2. 考查同義詞、近義詞的辨析；3. 考查各種詞匯的慣用法和固定搭配；4. 考查掌握和運用日常交際用語的能力?！久麕熃怆y】由于單項選擇題所考查的范圍較廣，所以要想做好此類題一要具備扎實的英語基礎(chǔ)知識，二要緊扣語境，抓住關(guān)鍵詞。具體應(yīng)注意以下幾點：1. 復(fù)習時要弄清初中階段所出現(xiàn)的幾種主要時態(tài)和語態(tài)的用法、結(jié)構(gòu)、與之連用的狀語及各自的特殊用法。重點要分清現(xiàn)在完成時、一般過去時的用法。對賓語從句、狀語從句、動詞不定式、比較

2、等級以及它們的用法規(guī)則都要一一弄清楚。還要注意固定搭配、習慣用語、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)、動詞辨析以及不同詞性的詞的用法。2. 在解題方面要突出語境，在語境中選語句和詞匯，防止?jié)h語思維的干擾。英語中一些關(guān)鍵詞的含義往往是由它所處的語義環(huán)境（即上下文）決定的，答題時如忽視了語境，就很容易答錯題。3. 在解題時要注意句型結(jié)構(gòu)和語序。要掌握初中階段所出現(xiàn)的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，注意賓語從句、感嘆句的語序。4. 掌握習語和日常交際用語。應(yīng)掌握大綱詞匯、習慣用語。由于文化背景和風俗習慣的不同，對于一些日常交際用語應(yīng)記牢。從近幾年來全國各地的中考試卷分析可以看出，單項選擇題的考點主要分布在：名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞、

3、冠詞、連詞、介詞、情態(tài)動詞；時態(tài)、語態(tài)；詞義辨析、語序、各種不同的從句及交際用語上。在做單項選擇題時，同學們除應(yīng)具有較扎實的語言基礎(chǔ)知識和善于思考外，掌握一些解題方法是很有必要的。由于單項選擇覆蓋面廣，其解題思路也多種多樣。下面我們舉例談?wù)勔恍┏Ｓ玫慕忸}方法。1. 直接法：即直接利用相關(guān)語法知識，通過題干中的已供信息，捕捉到解題線索，從而得出正確答案的解題方法，例如：- Will you come to the net bars（網(wǎng)吧）with me?- Sorry. My mother always tells me _there. A. not go B. go C. not to go

4、D. to go根據(jù)句意可知此題考查動詞不定式的否定形式，即tell sb. not to do sth.，故此題應(yīng)選C。2. 關(guān)鍵詞法許多題目中都有這樣一些詞，它們對于快速而準確地判定答案起著至關(guān)重要的作用。我們稱這些詞為關(guān)鍵詞（key words）。找到句中的關(guān)鍵詞，也就找到了解題的突破口，例如：He hardly hurt himself in the accident, _?A. doesn't he B. didn't he C. did he D. does he該題中hardly與hurt是起關(guān)鍵詞作用的。凡陳述部分含有hardly, never, little,

5、 few等否定意義的詞時，反意疑問句用肯定形式；而hurt一詞的過去式與原形相同，此處hurt未加s，應(yīng)為過去式。因此本題答案C是正確的。- What did you see, Mary?- I saw a lot of trees on_of the lake. A. either side B. all sides C. both sides D. other side在平時練習中，我們接觸的多是下列表達：on both sides of the road / street / river。但本題中l(wèi)ake無兩邊之分，只能是“在四周”。所以正確答案是B。本題中l(wèi)ake一詞成為關(guān)鍵詞。3.

6、類推法如果對題目的備選答案沒有十分把握或把握很小，不妨利用“如果A對，那么B也對”的類推法，從而可將A、B予以否定，例如：- Who's the man at the door?- _. A. He is a doctor B. He is a friend of mineC. He is a famous singer D. He is twenty仔細分析備選答案就可發(fā)現(xiàn)：A、C選項針對的是“職業(yè)”。若A是對的，那么C也會是對的。D回答的是年齡。故惟有B才是正確的。4. 前后照應(yīng)法此方法多用于兩個以上句子或?qū)υ捫问矫}的題目。解題前，透徹理解，然后聯(lián)系上下文，捕捉隱含信息，方能準確

7、找出答案，例如：- He isn't a teacher, is he?- _. He works in a hospital. A. Yes, he is B. No, he isn't C. Yes, He isn't D. No, he is本題考查否定句的反意疑問句的回答。由后半句的回答，我們知道“他”的身份不是教師；否定反意疑問句回答中的Yes其實際含義為“不”，No的實際含義為“是”。因此應(yīng)選擇的是B。再如：- It's dangerous to play here. - All right. Let's go and find a _pla

8、ce. A. quiet B. safe C. bright D. dark聯(lián)系上下文即可弄清語境：既然在這里玩危險，那么就找個安全的地方。此題應(yīng)選B。5. 排除法根據(jù)題干提供的信息，先把一眼就看出的干擾項排除，縮小選擇范圍，然后將剩余的選項填入空白處進行檢驗，辨別真?zhèn)危纾篢he girl asked the teacher _. A. what does the museum looks like B. what did the museum look likeC. what the museum looks like D. what the museum looked like本題主要

9、考查賓語從句中的語序及時態(tài)的對應(yīng)關(guān)系。主句動詞是過去時，從句的謂語動詞也應(yīng)是過去時的某種時態(tài)，故A、C被排除。而B中有詞序錯誤，所以D為正確答案。6. 交際法此方法可用30個交際用語，聯(lián)系上下文直接解題，例如：- Would you like to have another cup of tea?- _. A. Yes, I do B. Not al all C. No, thanks D. Help yourself本題主要考查簡答交際用語的應(yīng)答。對別人的邀請，如果表示不接受時，應(yīng)委婉說出，不能斷然拒絕。因此，選C是最佳答案。以上六種方法，大家要在具備扎實的基礎(chǔ)知識條件下，靈活運用。同時，我

10、們還要提醒大家注意以下幾點：（1）不要受母語思維習慣的影響。學習外語常常會受母語習慣的影響。因此解題時也常會受母語思維模式的影響，例如：- _is the capital of America?- Washington. A. Where B. What C. In where D. In which漢語中?？蛇@樣發(fā)問“美國的首都是哪兒?”所以有人會選A，但英語中where是副詞，表示地點。本句是問美國首都是哪個城市，所以正確的選擇是B。再如：_it's difficult to learn English well, _you should never drop it.A. Thou

11、gh; but B. Though; × C. Because; so D. Because; ×漢語中有關(guān)聯(lián)詞“雖然但是”、“因為所以”，但在英語中though與but, because和so是不可搭配使用的。由題意可知只有B是正確答案。（2）防止定勢思維。有些固定搭配或習慣表達法大家掌握較牢靠，但也正是由于受到這些習慣表達的影響，犯一些思維定勢的錯誤，例如：I won't come back _August 5 and 7.A. until B. both C. between D. for受notuntil這一固定搭配的影響，很多人會選A。但若仔細審題，則答案

12、應(yīng)選C。因為“回來”這一動作不能同時發(fā)生在兩個不同的日期。再如：Canada is larger than _country in Asia（亞洲）. A. any other B. other C. any D. all others“比較級 + any other + 單數(shù)名詞”是一種典型的比較級結(jié)構(gòu)。所以有人會選A。但Canada是美洲國家，和亞洲國家相比不存在與自身相比較的問題。所以不可用other排除自身。正確的答案選C。（3）防止“魚目混珠”。有些詞由于詞性、詞義不同，它的用法也不同，應(yīng)注意辨別，例如：- Do you know if he _to play basketball

13、with us?- I think he will come if he _free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will beC. will come; is D. will come; will he若不注意審題，很容易誤選A。但若仔細分析，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)前者if作“是否”解，而后者意為“如果”。二者分別引導(dǎo)賓語從句和條件狀語從句。英語中，只有在時間、條件狀語從句時，從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時，在其他從句中無此用法。所以C是正確答案。再如：He made faces _the baby _crying. A. to make; stop B. make;

14、stop C. make; to stop D. to make; to stop題中兩個make用法不同。make faces意為“做鬼臉”，后接動詞不定式作目的狀語；后一個make意為“使得”，是一個使役動詞，其后接動詞原形作賓補，即make sb. do sth. 所以此題應(yīng)選A?！局锌挤独?. -Have you ever heard from your aunt since she went to Hong Kong?-Yes, Ive just got a letter from _.A. her B. hers C. she D. herself 【解析】答案：A。該題考查的是

15、代詞用法。這個句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)時get a letter from sb.因為from是個介詞，后面所跟代詞應(yīng)用人稱代詞的賓格her。2. Im reading now. Please tell him _ the TV a bit.A. turn up B. turn off C. to turn down D. to turn on【解析】答案：C。該題考查的是短語動詞辨析。題干所提供的語境是“我正在看書”，因此應(yīng)告訴他把電視擰小一些。所以應(yīng)選turn down。3. Im sure you know the difference _ “l(fā)ook for” and “find”.A. fro

16、m B. for C. to D. between 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是介詞的用法。題干的意思是“我確信你知道look for和find兩者之間地區(qū)別?！皟烧咧g的”只能用between來表示。4. There _ a football match on TV this evening.A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have 【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是動詞have和句型there be的區(qū)別。 A, C, D都是句型there be 和動詞have的混合，都是錯誤的。只有B一個選項正確。5. A talk

17、 on science _ in our school next Monday.A. will give B. will be given C. has given D. has been given 【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。時間狀語是next Monday,所以動詞應(yīng)用一般將來時，因此應(yīng)排除C和D。而主語是動作的承受者，所以應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。只有選項B正確。6. Since China has been a member of WTO, English is _ useful than before.A. more B. most C. much D. very 【解析】答

18、案：A。該題考查的是形容詞的比較級。在句末有than before字樣，表明要用形容詞的比較級，而useful的比較級是more useful, 所以應(yīng)選more。7. It _ Yang Liwei about 21 hours _ the earth 14 times in his spaceship.A. spent, circling B. took, travellingC. spent, to travel D. took, to circle 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是動詞的用法。本句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是It took sb. some time to do sth. 只有D能用在這一

19、結(jié)構(gòu)中。8. The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer _ for half an hour.A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. has gone away 【解析】答案：C。該題考查的是延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞的用法。因為本句中的時間狀語是for half an hour，表示的是一段時間，所以應(yīng)和延續(xù)性動詞連用。四個選項中只有has been away能表示延續(xù)性的動作。9. I am waiting for my friend. _, I will go swimming

20、 alone.A. If he doesnt come B. If he wont comeC. If he will come D. If he is coming 【解析】答案：A。該題考查的是在時間狀語從句里的時態(tài)。在時間狀語從句里，通常用一般現(xiàn)在是代替一般將來時。10. -Could you tell me _?-Sorry, I dont know. I was not at the meeting.A. what does he say at the meeting B. what did he say at the meetingC. what he says at the me

21、eting D. what he said at the meeting 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是賓語從語的語序和時態(tài)。第一，賓語從句應(yīng)用陳述句的語序；第二，表示“在會上所說的話”應(yīng)用一般過去時?！緷M分演練】單項天空1. Ann is so careful that she always goes over her exercises to _there are no mistakes.A. look for B. make sure C. find out D. think about2. - Which of the two English dictionaries will you

22、 buy?- I'll buy _ of them, so I can give one to my friend, Hellen. A. either B. neither C. all D. both3. He _ two thousand trees since 1985.A. plants B. planted C. will plant D. has planted4. _ you free last night?A. Were B. Was C. Are D. Do5. - Dad, when will you be free? You agreed to go to th

23、e seaside with me four days ago.- I am sorry, Jean. But I think I will have a _holiday soon.A. four-days B. four-day C. four days D. four day6. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper _Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.A. that B. how C. what D. if7. _comes from cows.A. Wool B. Chick

24、en C. Pork D. Milk8. Which of the following does paper burn in?A. CO2 B. N2 C. O2 D. He9. Today, the forests have almost gone. People must _down too many trees.A. stop to cut B. stop from cuttingC. be stopped to cut D. be stopped from cutting10. - You must come back every month.- Yes, I _. A. will B

25、. must C. should D. can11. The doctor did what he could _that child.A. save B. to save C. saved D. saving12. - Can you guess if they _to play basketball with us?- I think they'll come if they _tree. A. come; are B. will come; will beC. will come; are D. come; will be13. I will tell you how to ge

26、t to the place; you'd better _it _.A. try; on B. get; off C. take; down D. pick; up14. - Ann has gone to Shanghai.- So _her parents.A. do B. had C. did D. have15. - How long can I _these books?-Two weeks.A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. buy16. It takes us _hour or more to go to my hometown by _train

27、. A. an; a B. a; an C. an; 不填 D. a; 不填17. Lucy tried her best to find a good job in the city, but she had no _.A. trouble B. idea C. luck D. time18. There are three _students in the school.A. thousands B. thousands of C. thousand of D. thousand19. I have to speak to my grandpa loudly because there&#

28、39;s _with his ears.A. wrong something B. something wrongC. anything wrong D. nothing wrong20.- I've had enough bread. Would you like_?- No thanks. A. a few more B. one more C. another more D. some more21. I'm old enough to wash _clothes by myself. You can just wash _.A. my, your B. mine, yo

29、urs C. my, yours D. your, my22. The father wished the twins to be doctors, but _of them liked to study medicine.A. both B. neither C. either D. none23. Now Helen works _than before.A. more carefully B. more careful C. much careful D. much carefully24. We are doing much better _English _our teacher&#

30、39;s help.A. in, at B. at, in C. in, with D. with, with25. If you like the chicken, you may have as_as you can.A. much B. many C. more D. little26. - Mum, Bill is coming to dinner this evening.- OK. Let's give him _to eat.A. something different B. different anythingC. anything different D. diffe

31、rent something27. The letter is _in French. I cannot read it.A. writing B. written C. wrote D. writes28. - Your spoken English is much better.- Thank you. My teacher often asks us _English as _as possible.A. to speak, many B. not to speak, much   C. to speak, much D. not to speak, more29.

32、It's getting dark. Please _the light.A. turn off B. turn on C. turn down D. turn up30. Martin is good at fishing, _?A. is he B. does he C. isn't he D. doesn't he31. - Do you know him well?- Sure. We _friends since ten years ago.A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made32. Cars and

33、 buses _stop when the traffic lights turn red.A. can B. need C. may D. must33. John fell asleep _he was listening to the music.A. after B. before C. while D. as soon as34. - May I speak to John?- Sorry, he _Japan. But he _in two days.A. has been to, will come back B. has gone to, will be backC. has

34、been in, would come back D. has gone to, won't cone back35. - Do you know _?- They moved here soon after their son was born.A. when would the Greens move here B. when the Greens moved hereC. the Greens would move here D. when the Greens would move here36. Your bedroom is very big, but _is rather

35、 small.A. she B. Jane C. her D. hers37. _book on the desk is_ useful one.AThe; an BA; a CThe; a DThe; /38. - When was our Party founded?- It was founded _.Aon October 1,1949 Bin May, 1922Con July 1,1921 Din August, 192739. This maths problem is_ and I can do it_ .Aeasy; easily Beasily; easily Ceasy;

36、 easy Deasily; easy40. - They are thirsty. Will you please give them_ ?- Certainly.Asome bottles of waters Bsome bottles of waterCsome bottle of water Dsome bottle of waters41. There is still a little orange here, but_ people want to drink it.Alittle Ba little Cfew Da few42. Mr. Yu gave some new words to Lucy and asked her to_ on the blackboard.Awrite it down