2017年電大《西方經(jīng)濟學》形成性考核答案小抄參考

1、專業(yè)好文檔西方經(jīng)濟學形成性考核答案1一、 填空題 1、 資源配置2、 決策機制， 協(xié)調(diào)機制3、 資源配置， 資源利用4、 價值判斷5、 反， 同6、 替代， 收入7、 供給量， 供給8、 同9、 價格10、 有， 缺乏11、 互補12、 富有13、 消費者14、 邊際效用， 無差異曲線15、 消費者均衡16、 消費者剩余17、 投入的生產(chǎn)要素和產(chǎn)量， 成本與收益18、 機會主義行為19、 邊際產(chǎn)量遞減20、 平均產(chǎn)量21、 收益遞增22、 擴張二、 選擇題1、D 2、D 3、A 4、C 5、C6、C 7、A 8、C 9、B 10、D11、B 12、C 13、D 14、B 15、B三、 判斷題1

2、、 2、 3、× 4、× 5、6、× 7、× 8、× 9、 10、×11、 12、 13、× 14、 15、四、 計算題1、 解：實現(xiàn)均衡時均衡價格相等，均衡數(shù)量相等即 D=S代入得 350-3P=-250+5P 8P=600 P=75再將p=75代入需求函數(shù)（或供給函數(shù)）得 D=350-3P=350-3×75=125答：該商品均衡價格為75，均衡數(shù)量為125。2、 解：已知P1=1.20元，Q1=800公斤，E=2.4，P/P=25%由需求彈性公式：E=（Q/Q）/（P/P）得：Q/Q=E×P/P=2.

3、4×25%=60%降價后的需求量Q2=Q1+Q=800+800×60%=1280公斤價格P2=P1×（1-25%）=0.90元降價前的總收益TR1=P1Q1=1.20×800=960元降價后的總收益TR2=P2Q2=0.9×1280=1152元降價后的總收益增加了TR2TR1=1152960=192元。答：總收益增加了192元。3、 解：列表如下：X商品邊際效用MUX/10Y商品邊際效用MUY/20110010120010290921708.5380831407470741105.556065804650574048303920210101根據(jù)

4、消費者均衡條件的公式：MUX/PX=MUY/PY，當QX=4，QY=3時，MUX/PX=MUY/PY（70/10=140/20），可以實現(xiàn)消費者均衡，此時總效用達到最大。答：消費者購買4個單位X商品與3個單位商品時可以實現(xiàn)消費者均衡。五、 問答題1、兩種作法都不足取。一方面應(yīng)適當提價，以分流部分需求，減輕鐵路運輸緊張的需求壓力；另一方面，應(yīng)嚴格限制并打擊票販子，減少投機操縱的干擾，使供求矛盾逐步有序地得到緩解。放開火車票價完全按供求關(guān)系定價，在過度短缺的條件下會產(chǎn)生過大的供求波動，大起大落，不利穩(wěn)定。2、作圖分析：（1）需求富有彈性的商品，其價格與總收益成反方向變動，即價格上升，需求量減少，總

5、收益減少；價格下降，需求量增大，總收益增加。數(shù)碼攝像機等高檔消費品屬于需求富有彈性商品，彈性系數(shù)大，當該商品的價格下降時，需求量（從而銷售量）增加的幅度大于價格下降的幅度，所以總收益會增加，因此，應(yīng)采取降價促銷的辦法來提高生產(chǎn)者的收入。（2）需求缺乏彈性的商品，其價格與總收益成同方向變動，即價格上升，需求量增大，總收益增加；價格下降，需求量減少，總收益減少。農(nóng)產(chǎn)品是生活必需品，需求缺乏彈性，彈性系數(shù)很小，當該商品的價格上升時，需求量（從而銷售量）減少的幅度小于價格上升的幅度，所以總收益會增加，因此，應(yīng)采取提價的辦法來提高生產(chǎn)者的收入。3、用消費者行為理論解釋需求定理。（1）消費者購買各種物品是

6、為了實現(xiàn)效用最大化，或者說是為了消費者剩余最大。當某種物品價格既定時，消費者從這種物品中所得到的效用最大，即消費者對這種物品評價越高，消費者剩余越大。當消費者對某種物品的評價既定時，消費者支付的價格越低，消費者剩余越大。因此，消費者愿意支付的價格取決于他以這種價格所獲得的物品能帶來的效用大小。（2）消費者為購買一定量某物品所愿意付出的貨幣價格取決于他從這一定量物品中所獲得的效用，效用大，愿付出的價格高；效用小，愿付出的價格低。隨著消費購買的某物品數(shù)量的增加，該物品 給消費者所帶來的邊際效用是遞減的，而貨幣的邊際效用是不變的。這樣，隨著物品的增加，消費者所愿付出的價格也在下降。因此，需求與價格必

7、然成反方向變動。Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis' 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading into

8、the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnley's effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competition's top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight.But it is recently named Rugby

9、League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing w

10、ith the All Blacks in 2011."I'd give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend," said Williams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifa's anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association's 150th

11、 anniversary celebrations and will attend City's Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday."I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure," he told BBC Sport."For me it's about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his

12、 experience was."Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the "racist behaviour of their fans" during City's 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European football's governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee

13、9;s actions.CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by Toure's complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA." Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.

14、The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) w

15、here our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e

16、 can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake

17、against the Kiwis in Manchester.Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by England's Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but I h

18、ave been impressed by the Kangaroos' focus in their games since then.They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. They've been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not