新概念第一冊語法與實例講解

1、A. 第三人稱單數動詞變化規(guī)則第三人稱單數動詞變化規(guī)則B. a/an, some和和any的用法的用法C. many和和much的用法的用法D. 一般過去時一般過去時E. 一般疑問句、特殊疑問句和否定句一般疑問句、特殊疑問句和否定句F. 形容詞與副詞形容詞與副詞G. 物主代詞物主代詞H. 介詞介詞I. 定語從句定語從句1. I am busy.2. I am learning English.3. I have a new book.4. I live in the country.5. I shall see you tomorrow.6. I can understand you.7. I

2、 must write a letter.8. I may come next week.9. I do a lot of work every day.10.I did a lot of work yesterday.He is busy.He is learning English.He has a new book.He lives in the country.He will see you tomorrow.He can understand you.He must write a letter.He may come next week.He does a lot of work

3、every day.He did a lot of work yesterday.A. Write these sentences again. Begin each sentence with He.11.I played football yesterday.12.I bought a new coat last week.13.I have had a letter from Tom.14.I was busy this morning.15.I could play football very well when I was young.16.I always try to get u

4、p early.17.I might see you next week.18.I always enjoy a good film.19.I had finished my work.20.I watch television every night.He played football yesterday.He bought a new coat last week.He has had a letter from Tom.He was busy this morning.He could play football very well when he was young.He alway

5、s tries to get up early.He might see you next week.He always enjoys a good film.He had finished my work.He watches television every night.Ihebehave以-s, -x, -ch, -sh結尾的詞加-es 以輔音字母加y結尾的單詞改y為i再加-es 以輔音字母加o結尾的詞加-es 一般情況在詞尾加-s語法小結：第三人稱單數動詞變化規(guī)則語法小結：第三人稱單數動詞變化規(guī)則1. 一般現(xiàn)在時和一般將來時一般現(xiàn)在時和一般將來時looklooksteachteache

6、sstudystudiesdo, godoes, goeshavehasamis一般將來時助動詞shallwill2. 同型的情況同型的情況1）情態(tài)動詞：can, must, may, could, should, might, would2）一般過去時：looked, taught, studied, did, went, had, wasB. Write these sentences again. Put in a, some or any.1.There are books on the desk.2.I drank glass of beer.3.Do you want butter

7、?4.There arent people in the street.5.Tom has just bought new car.6.We have apple trees in our garden.7.Can I have bar of chocolate, please?8.There isnt bread in that tin.9.Is there ink in that bottle?10.Are there eggs in that basket?asomeanyanyasomeaanyanyany語法小結：語法小結：a/an, some和和any的用法的用法1.不定冠詞a和a

8、n的用法： a和an是不定冠詞，表示泛指，常用于可數名詞的單數形式前。a用在以輔音發(fā)音開頭的單詞前，e.g. a university student, a one-eyed elephant; an用在以元音發(fā)音開頭的單詞前，e.g. an hour, an X-ray machine。1）表示“一個”，意為one I have a new book. 我有一本新書。2）表示“某一個”，意為a certain A Mr. Wang is waiting for you. 有位姓王的先生在等你。3）表示一類人或物 A knife is a tool for cutting with. 刀是切割

9、的工具。 Mr. Smith is an engineer. 史密斯先生是工程師。4）組成詞組或習語 a little, a few, a lot (of), a type of, a great many, many a, as a rule, in a hurry, in a minute, in a word, in a short while, after a while, have a cold, have a try, keep an eye on, all of a sudden2. 形容詞some的用法： some既可以修飾可數名詞又可以修飾不可數名詞，常用在肯定句中。 1）用

10、來修飾名詞的單數形式，表示“某一”或“某個” She is playing chess with some boy. 她在和一個男孩下棋。 2）用來修飾名詞的復數形式或不可數名詞，表示“某些”，“若干”，“一部分的”，“一些” I have some work to do this evening. 今晚我有一些事要做。 Some mushrooms are poisonous. 有些蘑菇是有毒的。 3）表示“好些”，“好幾個”，“不少” He lived in London for some years. 他在倫敦住了好幾年。3. 形容詞any的用法： any 既可以修飾可數名詞又可以修飾不

11、可數名詞，常用在否定、疑問句和if從句中。1）表示“任一“，”每一” He wanted a job, any sort of a job. 他需要一份工作,任何工作都行。 2）若干，一些，一點，絲毫 If there is any trouble, do let me know. 如遇到麻煩,務必告訴我。 I havent any money to spare. 我的錢都用光了。 Are there any letters for me? 有我的信嗎? 3）盡可能多的，所有的 Send me any data you can find. 把你能找到的所有資料送來給我。C. Write the

12、se sentences again. Use many or much.1. I havent any butter.2. You havent any cigarettes.3. We havent any milk.4. She hasnt any biscuits.5. They havent any stationery.I havent got much butter.You havent got many cigarettes.We havent got much milk.She hasnt got many biscuits.They havent got much stat

13、ionery.語法小結：語法小結：many和和much的用法的用法 many和much做形容詞時都表示“許多”的意思，但是，many用于修飾可數名詞的復數形式，而much用于修飾不可數名詞。D. Write these sentences again. Use simple past tense.1.He buys a new car every year.2.She airs the room every day.3.He often loses his pen.4.He always listens to the news.5.She empties this basket every d

14、ay.1.He a new car last year.2.She it this morning.3.He his pen this morning.4.He to the news yesterday.5.She this basket yesterday.boughtairedlostlistenedemptiedE. Complete these sentences. Use simple past tense.1. He bought a new car.Q: Did he buy a new car?Q: What did he buy?N: He didnt buy a new

15、car.3. They were here yesterday.Q: Were they here yesterday?Q: When were they here?N: They werent here yesterday.5. He gave you a pen.Q: Did he give you a pen?Q: What did he give you?N: He didnt give you a pen.9. You saw that film.Q: Did you see that film?Q: When did you see that film?N: You didnt s

16、ee that film.10.He arrived at two oclock.Q: Did he arrive at two oclock?Q: When did he arrive?N: He didnt arrive at two oclock.語法小結：一般過去時語法小結：一般過去時1. 基本結構：主語+動詞過去式+其他 否定形式：was/were+not；在行為動詞前加didnt，同時還原行為動詞 一般疑問句：Was/Were+主語+其他？ Did+主語+do+其他？ 特殊疑問句： 疑問代詞+was/were+主語+其他? 疑問代詞+did+主語+動詞原形+其他?2. 用法：1）表

17、示過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài) eg. They went to the park yesterday.2）表示過去經常發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài) eg. They always came to help us those days.3. 動詞變化規(guī)則1）直接加-ed：work-worked2）以e結尾的單詞，直接加-d：live-lived 3）以輔音字母+y結尾的，變y為i加-ed：study-studied 4）以元音字母+y結尾的，直接加-ed：enjoy-enjoyed 5）以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾的，雙寫最后的輔音字母加-ed： stop-stopped 6）不規(guī)則變化：am / iswascutcutha

18、vehadsaysaidarewere dodidhearheardseesawbecome becamedrinkdrankkeepkeptsellsoldbeginbegandrivedroveknowknewsendsentbreakbrokeeatateleaveleftspeak spokebringbroughtfeelfeltloseloststandstoodbuiltbuiltfindfoundmakemadetaketookbuyboughtforgetforgotmeetmetteachtaughtcatchcaughtgetgotpaypaidtelltoldchoos

19、echosegivegaveputputthinkthoughtcomecamego went havehadwinwoncostcostgrowgrewrunranwrite wroteE. Complete these sentences. Use general question, special question and negation.2. She can come tomorrow.Q: Can she come tomorrow?Q: When can she come?N: She cant come tomorrow.4. He must leave early.Q: Mu

20、st he leave early?Q: Why he must leave early?N: He neednt leave early.8. He has found his pen.Q: Has he found his pen?Q: What has he found?N: He hasnt found his pen.6. He lives next door.Q: Does he live next door?Q: Where does he live?N: He doesnt live next door.7. You know him well.Q: Do you know h

21、im well?Q: How well do you know him?N: You dont know him well.語法小結：一般疑問句、特殊疑問句和否定句語法小結：一般疑問句、特殊疑問句和否定句1. 情態(tài)動詞：must, can/could, may/might, ought to, shall/should, will/would 1）基本結構：主語+情態(tài)動詞+動詞原型+其他 2）否定形式：主語+情態(tài)動詞+not+動詞原型+其他 注意：must的否定形式是neednt3）一般疑問句：情態(tài)動詞+主語+動詞原型+其他？ 4）特殊疑問句： 疑問代詞（除why）+情態(tài)動詞+主語+動詞原型+

22、其他? Why+主語+情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形+其他?2. 一般現(xiàn)在時1）基本結構： 主語+am/is/are+其他； 主語+動詞原型/動詞第三人稱單數形式+其他2）否定形式： 主語+am/is/are+not+其他? 主語+助動詞do/does+not+動詞原型+其他?3）一般疑問句： Am/Is/Are+主語+其他? 助動詞Do/Does+主語+動詞原型+其他？ 4）特殊疑問句： 疑問代詞+am/is/are+主語+其他? 疑問代詞+助動詞do/does+主語+動詞原形+其他?F. Complete these sentences. Use adverbs.1. He read the phra

23、se . (slow)2. He worked . (lazy)3. He cut himself . (bad)4. He worked . (careful)5. The door opened .(sudden)語法小結：形容詞轉換副詞語法小結：形容詞轉換副詞slowlylazilybadlycarefullysuddenly1. 副詞（adverb，簡寫為adv）是一種用來修飾動詞、形容詞、全句的詞，說明時間、地點、程度、方式等概念的詞。副詞可分為：地點副詞、方式副詞、程度副詞、疑問副詞和連接副詞。2. 形容詞轉變成副詞的規(guī)則：1）直接加-ly：slow-slowly2）以輔音字母+y

24、結尾的，變y為i加-ly：lazy-lazily3）部分以不發(fā)音的-e結尾的，去e加-ly：true-trulyG. Write these sentences again. Use short forms.1. He will arrive tomorrow morning.2. She will come this evening.3. I shall see you the day after tomorrow.4. He will not believe me.5. We shall not remain here.語法小結：語法小結：be、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞的縮寫形式、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞

25、的縮寫形式1. Hell arrive2. Shell come3. Ill see you4. He wont believe5. We shant remain1. 肯定形式：I am-Im, he is-hes, you are-youre, she will-shell, I shall-Ill, it has-its, they have-theyve2. 否定形式：is notisnt are notarentwas notwasnt were notwerenthas nothasnt have nothaventwill notwont would notwouldntshal

26、l notshant should notshouldntdo notdont did notdidntought notoughtnt dare notdarentH. Complete these sentences. Use pronouns.1. These things belong to my husband. They are .2. This coat belongs to me. It is .3. These shoes belong to my wife. They are .4. These pens belong to Tom and Betty. The pens

27、are .5. This suitcase belongs to you. It is .1. 英語中的物主代詞可分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。形容詞性物主代詞起形容詞的作用，用在名詞前；名詞性物主代詞起名詞的作用。為避免重復使用名詞，有時可用“名詞性物主代詞”來代替“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”的形式。也就是說，名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞 2. 物主代詞：主格 Iweyouhesheitthey形容詞性物主代詞myouryourhisheritstheir名詞性物主代詞mineoursyourshishersitstheirs語法小結：物主代詞語法小結：物主代詞hismine

28、herstheirsyoursI. Complete these sentences. Use comparison of adjectives.1. It is cool today, but it was yesterday.2. It is wet today, but it was yesterday.3. Hes late again today, but he was yesterday.4. This test is easy, but that one is .5. This book is expensive, but that one is .6. This bookcas

29、e is large, but that one is .7. That film was interesting, but the other one was .8. Betty is pretty, but Jane is .9. Miss Green is beautiful, but Miss White is .10.Tom is intelligent, but Bill is .coolerwetterlatereasiermore expensivelargermore interestingprettiermore beautifulmore intelligent語法小結：

30、形容詞和副詞的比較級語法小結：形容詞和副詞的比較級 1. 比較級的構成 :1）一般情況下在形容詞和副詞后直接加-er 2）以-e結尾的形容詞和副詞加-r 3）以輔音字母 + y 結尾的，改y為i, + -er 4）重讀閉音節(jié)的單詞，雙寫最后一個輔音字母 + -er 5）多音節(jié)單詞的比較級和最高級分別在單詞前加more 6）不規(guī)則變化 原級比較級good / wellbetterbad / badlyworsemany / muchmorelittlelessfarfarther (表示距離遠)further (表示程度深)oldolder (可以表示舊的、年長的，作表語，后接than)elde

31、r (作定語，僅僅表示兄弟姐妹間的長幼關系)J. Put in the right word or phrase: yesterday, last night, tomorrow etc. The date today is Monday, March 5th.1. I saw him (Sunday, March 4th).2. I shall see him (Tuesday, March 6th).3. I shall see him (Monday, March 5th).4. I shall see him (Monday, March 5thafternoon).5. I shal

32、l see him (Wednesday, March 7th).6. I saw him (Saturday, March 3rd).7. I saw him (Sunday, March 4thnight).8. I shall see him (Tuesday, March 6thmorning).9. I shall see him (Monday, March 5thmorning).10.I saw him (Sunday, March 4thafternoon).yesterdaytomorrowtodaythis afternoonthe day after tomorrowt

33、he day before yesterdaylast nighttomorrow morningthis morningyesterday afternoonK. Put in at, in or on.1. He is going to telephone five oclock.2. My birthday is May 21st.3. It is always cold February.4. My father was there 1984.5. He is going to arrive Tuesday.atonininonL. Put in across, over, betwe

34、en, off along, in, on, into, out of, or under.1. The airplane is flying the village.2. The ship is going the bridge.3. The boy is swimming the river.4. Two cats are running the wall.5. My books are the self.6. The bottle of milk is the refrigerator.7. The boy is jumping the branch.8. Mary is sitting

35、 her mother and her father.9. It is 9 oclock. The children are going class.10.It is 4 oclock. The children are coming class.overunderacross / inalongoninoffbetweenintoout of1. across 1）橫越,穿過 We walked across the street. 我們穿過馬路。 2）在.那邊 He stared at the Englishman across the table. 他兩眼一直盯著坐在桌子對面的那個英國人

36、。 3）與.相交叉 The two lines cut across each other. 兩條線相互交叉。2. along1）（表示位置）沿著的某地點；在旁的某地方 His room is along this passage. 他的房間在這條通道上。 2）（表示方向）沿著，循著，順著 I took my dog for a walk along the river. 我?guī)е费啬菞l河散步。 3）（表示方位）靠著 There is a striped sofa along the wall. 有一張靠墻放著的有條紋的沙發(fā)。 語法小結：介詞語法小結：介詞 3. at1）在.地點 They w

37、ere already waiting at the gate when I got there. 2）在.時刻 Jane will meet her boy friend at Christmas. 3）向,朝,對著 Dont shout at me. 4. 在.方面 He is an expert at troubleshooting. 5）因為,由于 I woke at the sound of the bell. 隨著鈴響,我醒了。 6）從事于,忙于 He is working hard at this thesis. 他正在努力地撰寫論文。 7）以(某種價格、速度等) They so

38、ld the cloth at a dollar a yard. 4. between 可以表示位置、時間、數目、距離、范圍、等級、關系等，意為“在之間”或“在之中”，常用于短語“between twelveand”之中。 5. in1）（表示位置）在里面；在，于；在部位上 They live in France. 他們住在法國。 2）（表示時間）在時期，在之后，在過程中 I cannot see you now, come back in half an hour. 3）（表示方向）往內，朝方向 I saw him go in the shop. 我看到他走進了商店。 4）（表示狀態(tài)）處于之

39、中，在情況下 Martin was in his pajamas. 馬丁穿著睡衣。 5）（表示方式）用，以，按，乘，以形式 They were speaking in Italian. 他們在講意大利語。 6）（表示原因）由于，為了 He went in fear of his life. 他為自己的性命擔憂, 所以走了。 7）（表示領域、范圍）在以內 It is not in my power to do that. 做那事非我力所能及。 8）（表示結果）當做，作為 What did you give him in return? 你給他什么作為報答呢? 9）（表示目的）為了 They se

40、t off in search of the lost child. 他們出發(fā)去尋找走失的孩子。 6. into1）（表示時間）持續(xù)到，進行到 The meeting carried on into the afternoon. 會議一直延續(xù)到下午。 2）（表示方向）進入中，到里 He came into the room. 3）（表示狀態(tài)）進入狀態(tài)，欠債 They burst into laughter. 他們突然大笑起來。 4）（表示對象）撞上，滲進，非常喜歡 He bumped into me. 他撞上了我。 The oil will soak into the wood. 油會滲進木頭

41、里。 She is into music. 她喜歡音樂。 5）（表示目標）對著，朝著 She looked into my eyes. 她盯著我的眼睛看。 6）（表示結果）分成，變成 He sawed the stick into pieces. 他把棍子鋸成幾截。 7）（表示所屬）輸入 The information goes into a computer. 7. off1）（表示位置）在的外面，在的沿海 The boat anchored off the fort. 那艘船停在堡壘外面。 2）（表示時間）在之前 It is a few minutes off three oclock.

42、還有幾分鐘就三點了。 3）（表示方向）從，通向，偏離，從離開 He fell off the ladder. 他從梯子上掉下來。8. on1）（表示位置）在上2）（表示時間）在之時 On arriving home, I was met by my daughter. 3）（表示狀態(tài)）系于，懸于；附于 A picture hangs on the wall. 墻上掛著一幅畫。 4）（表示方式）乘，坐，騎 She will leave on an early train. 她將乘早班火車離開。 5）（表示方位）在方位 The town stands on the left bank of the

43、 river. 9. out of1）從里面（走出）；離開 2）從的狀態(tài)中（離開） Were out of danger. 我們現(xiàn)在脫離了危險。 3）越出之外 Out of sight, out of mind. 離久情疏。 4）缺乏，沒有 Theyre out of water. 他們缺水。 10. over1）（表示位置）在的正上方；在的上面；在的上空 The clouds are right over us. 現(xiàn)在云正在我們的頭頂上。 2）（表示位置）遍布在上面，擴展到全部 Brilliant light poured over me. 耀眼的光灑遍我的全身。 3）（表示方向）越過，從一

44、邊至的另一邊 Instead of opening the gate, we climbed over it. 11. under1）在下面，在底下 2）少于，低于 He cannot be under thirty years of age. 3）在情況下，在過程中 The car is under repairs. 這輛汽車在修理中。 M. Put in Who or Which.1. hat did you buy?2. broke this plate?3. bus did you catch?4. is knocking at the door?5. of the two books

45、 do you want?WhichWhoWhichWhoWhich語法小結：語法小結：who & which的用法的用法who用作疑問代詞，意為“誰”、“什么人”which可用作疑問代詞，意為“哪一個”、“哪一些”，也可用作形容詞，意為“哪一” N. Join these sentences in the same way. Use who, whom or which.1. This is the car. The mechanic repaired it yesterday. This is the car which the mechanic repaired yesterda

46、y.2. He is the man. I invited him to the party. He is the man whom I invited to the party.3. These are the things. I bought them yesterday. These are the things which I bought yesterday.4. He is the man. He came here last week. He is the man who came here last week.5. He is the policeman. He caught

47、the thieves. He is the policeman who caught the thieves.6. She is the nurse. She looked after me. She is the nurse who looked after me.7. She is the woman. I met her yesterday. She is the woman whom I met yesterday.8. I am the person. I wrote to you. I am the person who wrote to you.9. They are the

48、people. I saw them yesterday. They are the people whom I saw yesterday.10.They are the trees. We cut them down yesterday. They are the trees which we cut down yesterday.語法小結：定語從句語法小結：定語從句 定語從句是由關系代詞或關系副詞引導的從句，其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個名詞性成分，相當于形容詞，所以又稱為形容詞性從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。 1. 指人的關系代詞：who（作主語）、whom（作賓語）、that（作主語或賓語）、whose（作定語）The teacher will punish the students who / that are lazy.Professor Li is one of the professors whom / that I admire.Mr. Johns whose life was once very hard, is now successful in his business.2. 指