福建省2012屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法部分 第12講 主謂一致精品學(xué)案 新人教版

1、第12講 主謂一致【定義】主謂一致即主語和謂語在人稱和數(shù)上必須保持一致。一、意義(語法)一致原則 只要確定句子的主語是單數(shù)意義，則謂語單數(shù)，句子的主語意義復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語復(fù)數(shù)?！就瓿删渥印?用動詞的適當形式填空 (1) Physics is (be) not easy to understand. (2) When and where to go for the onsalary holiday has (have) not been decided yet. (3) Either of the stories is (be) very funny. (4) Nothing is (be) imp

2、ossible. (5) Ten pounds was (be) missing from the box. 【結(jié)論1】 不可數(shù)名詞作主語，一律視為單數(shù)。以s結(jié)尾的國名、地名、機構(gòu)名、書名等作主語，視為單數(shù)；有些不可數(shù)名詞如news, maths , physics 雖然以s結(jié)尾，但不是復(fù)數(shù)。 表示單一概念的動名詞、不定式或句子作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 “one, either, neither, each of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞”作主語時， 謂語用單數(shù)。 Something, everything, anything, nothing，somebody, nobody, no one 等不定

3、代詞作主語，謂語通常是單數(shù)。 表示時間、金錢、距離、重量、數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，通常看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 【完成句子】 用動詞的適當形式填空 (6)This pair of glasses is (be) very expensive. (7)Two series of new stamps have (have) been ordered. 【結(jié)論2】a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of 等量詞修飾名詞，通常以量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式來決定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)。 【完成句子】 用動詞的適當形式填空 (8)The number of the st

4、udents in our school is (be) quite large and a number of teachers work (work) hard. (9)The population of China is (be) large and most of the population are (be) farmers. 【結(jié)論3】a number of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞，“許多”，復(fù)數(shù)意義；the number of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞，“的數(shù)目”，單數(shù)意義。the population of“的人口數(shù)量”作主語時，謂語單數(shù)，但如果是分數(shù)、百分數(shù)、half of, the rest of th

5、e population 作主語時，謂語則用復(fù)數(shù)，具體指其中的多少人，復(fù)數(shù)意義。the average of“的平均數(shù)量”，作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)?！就瓿删渥印?用動詞的適當形式填空 (10)Mr. Green together with his children goes (go) to the park every Sunday.【結(jié)論4】主語后with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as 等短語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)要和這些短語前面的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。(因為with等詞為介詞，其后跟的名詞只能是介賓，不可能充當主語。

6、)【完成句子】 用動詞的適當形式填空 (11)The disabled are (be) well taken care of in this country. (12)The news is (be) certain to replace the old. (13)The rest of the workers are (be) still very tired. (14)His family are (be) all sitting in the sofa watching TV. 【結(jié)論5】 “the adj.”結(jié)構(gòu)指人時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果表示抽象的概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。分數(shù)、百分數(shù)

7、、all, some, the rest, half of, most of, part of 等作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)其指代的含義確定。 主語為集合名詞時，如果看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果側(cè)重其中的個體，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。這類集體名詞常見的有：army, audience, cattle, class, club, committee, crowd, family, government, group, majority, minority, part, people, police, public, staff, team等，其中cattle，people，police一般看成

8、復(fù)數(shù)形式?！就瓿删渥印?用動詞的適當形式填空 (15)戰(zhàn)爭與和平是一個歷史上的永恒的主題。 War and peace is (be) a constant theme in history. (16)中國絲綢和日本絲綢質(zhì)量都很好。 Chinese and Japanese silk are (be) of good quality. 【結(jié)論6】當and連接兩個并列主語在意義上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念時，應(yīng)看作單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。另外，當and 連接兩個形容詞去修飾一個單數(shù)形式的主語時，其實是指兩種不同的事物，主語則應(yīng)該看作是復(fù)數(shù)， 那么謂語動詞也應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)?！咎貏e提醒】英語中并

9、列結(jié)構(gòu)表示整體概念的有：iron and steel鋼鐵law and order治安bread and butter 黃油面包a watch and chain一塊帶鏈的表a knife and fork刀叉a coat and tie配有領(lǐng)帶的上衣aim and end目的truth and honesty真誠【完成句子】 用動詞的適當形式填空 (17)What surprised me most was (be) his attitude towards his study. 【結(jié)論7】 what 引導(dǎo)的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要取決于作表語的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。【完成句子】 用動詞

10、的適當形式填空 (18)Such is (be) Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much. 【結(jié)論8】 such 作主語時， 謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要根據(jù)其意義而定?！就瓿删渥印?用動詞的適當形式填空 (19)Every day quantities of water are (be) wasted. 【結(jié)論9】 quantities of 名詞作主語時，不論名詞是復(fù)數(shù)還是不可數(shù)，謂語一律用復(fù)數(shù)。二、形式一致原則【完成句子】 用動詞的適當形式填空 (20)Every boy and every gir

11、l is (be) having sports now. (21)One and a half hours is (be) not enough to me. (22)More than one boy was (be) invited to the ball yesterday. (23)Many a student in our class wears (wear) glasses. 【結(jié)論】 every / each / no 名詞and every / each / no 名詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。 “one 單數(shù)名詞and a half”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 “more tha

12、n one 名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 “many a 單數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)?！疽呻y】 Did you go to the show last night? Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _ invited. A. were B. have been C. has been D. was【疑難剖析】答案為D項，根據(jù)形式一致原則。從last night可以排除B、C。以上四種情況，如果從意義上來講，主語有復(fù)數(shù)意義，但由于名詞都是以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的，故謂語用單數(shù)形式，謂語形式上與主語的單數(shù)形式一致。 三、就近原則【完成句子】 用動詞

13、的適當形式填空 (24)Either I or they are (be) responsible for the result of the matter. (25)Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has (have) caused me any distress.【結(jié)論1】謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)常常與最近作主語的詞語保持一致。常出現(xiàn)在這類句子中的連詞有：or, notbut； eitheror， neithernor，not onlybut also等?！就瓿删渥印?用動詞的適當形式填空 (26) In the distance was (be) heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people. 【結(jié)論2】在倒裝句中：謂語可與后面第一個主語一致?！就瓿删渥印?用動詞的適當形式填空 (27)Here is (be) a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawe