牛津譯林初中英語AUnitTeenageproblems語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)及相關(guān)習(xí)題

1、Unit 3 Teenage problems(B)一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：9A Unit 3 Grammar 二. 教學(xué)目標(biāo)：1. To-infinitives 動(dòng)詞不定式2. “wh” words + to-infinitive 疑問詞+不定式動(dòng)詞 3. Sentence types 句子的四種類型【具體教學(xué)過程】（一）To-infinitives 動(dòng)詞不定式Subject (主語)To plant trees every year is necessary.不定式作主語常能換成形式主語 “it”.To eat too much is unhealthy for you.It is unhealt

2、hy for you to eat too much.To learn English well is important.It is important to learn English well.我們相信早上讀英語是有幫助的.We believe it is helpful to read English in the morning.Predictive (表語)My dream is to be a great football player.不定式作表語，說明主語的內(nèi)容，性質(zhì)，特征，能接不定式作表語的名詞有: dream, plan, duty, aim, purpose, job

3、等1. 我的目的是幫助你提高你的英語水平。My purpose is to help you improve your English.2. 赫本的夢想是成為一個(gè)成功的芭蕾舞者。Hepburns dream was to become a successful ballet dancer.Object (賓語)不定式可以接在有些動(dòng)詞后作賓語, 如: hope, promise, plan, learn, decide, choose, prepare, agree, remember, forget, seem1. 請你不要忘記參加我們的俱樂部派對(duì)。Please dont forget to

4、take part in our club party.2. 他決定上課時(shí)不再講話了。He decided not to talk in class any longer.(不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not)下列句子中哪個(gè)是賓語?Wearing red can make it easier for you to take action.“it”可以代替不定式作賓語，稱之為形式賓語。能加形式賓語的動(dòng)詞通常有: make, find, consider, feel老師應(yīng)該使學(xué)生學(xué)英語容易。Teachers should make it easier for students to lear

5、n English.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)打電腦游戲有趣。We find it interesting to play computer games.Object Complement (賓語補(bǔ)足語)My parents do not allow me to go out after 6 p.m.不定式作賓補(bǔ),此時(shí)賓補(bǔ)與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。這樣的搭配有：allow sb. to do sth.need sb. to do sth. advise sb. (not) to do sth. want sb. (not) to do sth.tell/ ask /order sb. (not) to do s

6、th.1. 媽媽告訴我雨天不要騎自行車。My mother tells me not to ride a bike on a rainy day.有些動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)可以接省略“to”的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。(使役動(dòng)詞) make/ let/ have sb. do sth.(感官動(dòng)詞) see/hear/notice/watch sb. do sth.2. 米麗的父親每天讓她做很多練習(xí)。Millies father makes her do plenty of exercises.3. 有人看到他走進(jìn)那幢高樓。Someone saw him walk into that tall building.被動(dòng)語態(tài)

7、在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中 “to” 要還原。Millie is made to do plenty of exercises.He was seen to walk into that tall building.動(dòng)詞“help”既可以帶“to” 也可以帶省略“to”的不定式。This can help us (to) relax and make our lives more interesting.Attributive (定語)Mr Wu is always the last to leave.不定式作定語通常放在被修飾的詞之后。1. 我還有一些事情要說。I have some more to sa

8、y.2. 有必要告訴他事實(shí)的真相。There is need to tell him the truth.3. He said he found a chair to sit on. 有一些名詞后常可以用不定式作定語1. Its time to go to school.2. Jim said there was no time to go to the hospital .3. Which is the way to go to the cinema?Adverbial (to express purpose表目的)He stayed there to see what would happ

9、en.不定式可用作狀語表目的。Youd better take more exercise to keep healthy.People living in cold climates prefer to use warm colours to create a warm and comfortable feeling there.Adverbial (to express result表結(jié)果)Linda came back home to find her house on fire.不定式可以作狀語表結(jié)果The little baby has grow up to be a beautif

10、ul girl.隨堂練習(xí)：用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I have a lot of homework _ (do) every day.2. I want to refuse _ (do) so much work.3. I hope _ (hear) from you soon.4. My dream is _ (be) a great football player.5. I believe it is important for us _ (spend) some time on our hobbies.（二）“wh” words + to-infinitive 疑問詞+不定式動(dòng)詞

11、疑問詞:疑問代詞“who, whom, what, which, whose” 疑問副詞“when, where, how” 連接詞 “whether”Yao Ming 未決定下一步干什么。Yao Ming hasnt decided _ next. Su Mingjuan decided _.（到哪兒工作）Bill Gates knew_ (怎樣幫助) children. 隨堂練習(xí)：選詞填空: how which what when where 1. When I go into the clothes shop, I always cant decide _ one to buy.2. M

12、y grandfather doesnt know _ to use a computer.3. A: Will you please show me _to drive a car?B: Yes, of course. Now let me tell you _ to do first.4. I will tell Lucy _ and _ to meet.注意點(diǎn)：1. 適用于“疑問詞+不定式動(dòng)詞”的動(dòng)詞包括：“ask, explain, forget, know, remember, tell, decide, find out, hear, learn, see, understand,

13、 consider, discover, guess, think, wonder,”等。We must know what to say at a meeting. He could not tell whom to trust.There are so many kinds of tape-recorders that I cant decide which to buy. 2. 這結(jié)構(gòu)可與賓語從句互換，例如：I could not decide which dictionary to buy. = I could not decide which dictionary I should

14、buy.Jack did not know where to find such a good teacher.=Jack did not know where he could find such a good teacher.I dont know where to go now.=I dont know where I should go now.隨堂練習(xí):把下列句子改成簡單句 1) The old lady found out where she could buy cheaper fruits.The old lady found out _ _ _ cheaper fruits.2

15、) Will you show us how we can make a model plane?Will you show us _ _ _ a model plane?3) She hasnt told me what I should do and what I should not do.She hasnt told me _ _ _ and what _ _ _.4) Have you decided which dress you will take?Have you decided _ dress _ _ ?3. 有些動(dòng)詞，如“ask, show, tell, advise, i

16、nform, teach”等，可以先有賓語，然后才接著加上適當(dāng)?shù)摹耙蓡栐~+不定式動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Please show us how to do that. 請給我們演示如何去做。He taught us how to use a computer. 他教我們?nèi)绾问褂糜?jì)算機(jī)。精選試題:1. Theres no difference between the two words. I really dont know_. (2003年河南)A. what to chooseB. which to choose C. to choose which D. to choose what2. The

17、students of Class One will spend their winter holiday in Shenzhen, but the students of Class Two havent decided_. (2003年廣東省)A. what to buy B. how to go C. where to go D. which to choose3._the computer is a problem.A. How to use B. What to useC. Which to useD. Where to use4.The Frenchman didnt know _

18、this word in Chinese.A. how to tellB. how to speakC. how to say D. how to talk（三）Sentence types 句子的四種類型Statements Questions Imperatives ExclamationsNo.1 Statements: To give informationPositive statements:He is a boy.The girls are reading. We like English.They saw a film yesterday.Tom will help us.Th

19、ey have been there.He can speak Chinese.Negative statements:He isnt a boy.The girls arent reading. We dont like English.They didnt see a film yesterday.Tom wont help us.They havent been there.He cant speak Chinese.No.2 Questions: To ask for information or request things一般疑問句 (General questions) Is S

20、imon playing football? Does he like apple?Did you call me last night?Are they waiting for me?Can/May/Must/Should特殊疑問句 (Special questions) What is Simon doing?Who is the old man?Why are you late? When did you come back?How do you go to school?Where do you live?How do you know that? 選擇疑問句（Alternative

21、Questions）Do you like football or basketball? Do you want tea or coffee?反意疑問句（Tag-Questions）Jim is a boy, isnt he? He doesnt know her, does he?他不認(rèn)識(shí)她，對(duì)不對(duì)？No.3 Imperatives: To give orders.Positive(Please) come in .Sit down.Go with me.Look at the blackboard.Follow me.Lets sing together.Lets have a big

22、dinner.NegativeDont come in, will you?No.4 Exclamations: To express strong feelings.What+ n.+(主語+謂語動(dòng)詞)!What a nice girl(she is)!What beautiful fields!What clean water!How+ adj. +(主語+謂語動(dòng)詞)!How beautiful (my hometown is)!How clean (the water is)!How big(the room is)!隨堂練習(xí):按要求改寫下列句子1) The clever boy can

23、 speak Japanese well. (改成一般疑問句否定句)_ the clever boy _ Japanese well?The clever boy _ speak Japanese well.2) Max felt stressed and angry last year. (對(duì)劃線部分提問)_ _ Max feel last year?3) Please turn off the lights. (改成否定句)_ turn off the lights, _.4) We often use yellow stationery when we study for exams.(

24、改成祈使句)_ yellow stationery when we study for exams.5) The room looks very peaceful. (改成感嘆句) _ _the room looks!6) All of boys had a nice time last night. (改成感嘆句) _ _ _ _ all of boys had last night!【模擬試題】（答題時(shí)間：20分鐘）一、單項(xiàng)選擇1. I _ much time _ my homework yesterday.A. took; to doB. cost; doingC. spents; to

25、 doD. spent; doing2. I hope _ soon.A. to hear a letter of you B. to hear from youC. to hear a letter from you D. to hear from you letter3. In the country we can hear the birds_ all the time.A. to sing B. singing C. singsD. sang4. The teacher asked Mr. Smith _ for a moment.A. holding on B. holds on C

26、. held on D. to hold on5. Sue finds_ difficult to play basketball.A. thatB. thisC. itD. its二、完成下列句子。1. Simon doesnt know _(做什么).2. Sandy wants to know _ (到哪兒尋求建議).3. Millie doesnt know _( 怎樣解決)her problem.4. Simon just forgot _ （什么時(shí)間接）his friends.5. You should decide _(做哪個(gè)) first.6. Paul knows _(跟誰談

27、)for help.7. She knew _(給誰)this to.8. I cant decide _ (是否踢足球) or do homework.三、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：1.The house is not big enough_ (live ) in.2.It is hot .Lets _ in the river. ( swim )3.I saw a car _ across the bridge just now. ( go)4. Id like you _ my parents soon. (meet )5 It important _ English well. ( learn )6. Do you enjoy _ story books? ( read )7. Youd better _ at home. (stay )8.The teacher told the student _ that any more .( not ,do )四、漢譯英:1. 他們只是需要學(xué)會(huì)如何在工作和玩之間取得平衡。They just need _ .2. 今天似乎比昨天冷多了。The weather _ .3. 我不想和那些取笑別人的學(xué)生交朋友。I dont want_ the students_.4