動詞的被動語態(tài)

1、動詞的被動語態(tài)一。被動語態(tài)構成 be+done一般現(xiàn)在時 am/is/are+done一般過去時was/were +done一般將來時will/shall/be going to +be done完成時 have/has/had been done進行時 be being done不及物動詞不用被動語態(tài)：happen, take place, occur, break out正確理解各種常見時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受著.例如The old doctor is respected by everyone.被動語態(tài)謂語動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞.被動語態(tài)共有十種時態(tài). 以動詞te

2、ll為例,其被動語態(tài)的各種時態(tài)構成如下:一般進行進行現(xiàn)在Am/is/are+toldam/is/are+being toldhas/have+been told過去Was/were+toldwas/were_being toldhad been told將來Shall/will+be toldshall/will+have been told過去將來Should/would+be toldShould/would+have been told下面以往屆高考題中出現(xiàn)的被動語態(tài)為例說明其具體用法.一般現(xiàn)在時(MET1993.30)In some parts of the world, tea_wi

3、th milk and sugar.is serving B.is served C.serves D.served 答案: B. 在世界上一些地區(qū),茶里放有牛奶和糖一起(被)供應.一般過去時:This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He_trying to save a child in the earthquake.A. killed B.is killed C.was killed D.was killing答案: C從句中”This ia Teds photo. We miss him a lot.” 可 知 Ted 已 經 死 了,因 此”kil

4、l”應為過去的動作,而且是被動語態(tài).現(xiàn)在完成時: (2000春招, 19)All the preparations for the task_, and were ready to start.A.completed B.complete C.had been completed D.have benn completed答案: DAll the preparations與complete之間應為被動關系, 故排除 A,B. 依 據 we are ready to start, 故排除 C.現(xiàn)在進行時: (2001春招, 17)A new cinema_here. They hope to f

5、inish it next month.A.will be built B.is built C.has been built D.is being built答案: D. 從后面的提示看,這項工程還沒有完工,故應正在建設中,而且是被動語態(tài),故答案為 D.一般將來時:(2001春招,15)Hundreds of jobs_if the factory closes.A. lose B.are lost C.will be lost D.will lose答案: C此題中包含一個if引導的 條 件 狀 語 從 句,從 句 用 現(xiàn) 在 時 代 替 將 來 時,因 此 主 句應用一般將來時,而且句意

6、為被動, 故答案為 C.二不同句型的被動語態(tài)1.雙賓語的被動語態(tài)eg. I give my brother a computer. Sb間接賓語 sth直接賓語 A: My brother is given a computer by me. B: A computer is given to my brother.2.復合賓語的被動語態(tài)eg.We call him Lao Li.= He is called Lao Li by us. She told me to wait for you.=I was told to wait for you by her. 3.感官動詞和使役動詞(let

7、/make/have)的被動語態(tài)1).The boss made his workers work 15 hours each day. The workers were made to work 15 hours each day(bu the boss).2).I saw a child cross the road alone. A child was seen to cross the road alone.4.情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài) 情態(tài)動詞+be + done 1). We can turn solids into liquids.Solids can be turned into l

8、iquids.2).You must not leave the bike here. The bike must not be left here.5.動詞短語的被動語態(tài) 必須注意動詞短語的完整性eg. They take a good care of the children.The children are taken a good care of.A good care is taken of the children.類似的短語還有：pay attention to, make use of etc.三。特別注意用動詞的主動形式表示被動意義的情況1.有些動詞（表示某一物體的狀態(tài),性質

9、,特征,）形式上主動，意義上被動，如：sell，write，wash，shut，lock，need，last。The door wont shut.-（這詞典銷路很好。）The dictionary sells well.-（這詞典銷路很好。）My recorder needs repairing.（我的錄音機需要修理了。）4. This kind of cloth lasts long.-（這布料耐穿。） 2.表示感覺的五個連系動詞例如 The surface of the table_smooth enough. A.isnt felt B.isnt feeling C.doesnt fe

10、el D.hasnt felt 正確答案:C 3.Sth is well worth +doing. Sth need doing/ to be done.4.will+動詞原形或 would+動詞原形，表示（過去）將來經常發(fā)生的動作常表示主語自身具有的特征或一種傾向性。例如：Dont get the ink on your shirt, for it_.A.wont wash out B.wasnt washed out C.wont be washing out D.hasnt washed out正確答案: A例如: I tried hard to push the door open,

11、 but it_.A. wouldnt be opened B.wouldnt open C.wouldnt have opened D.hasnt opened正確答案:BExercisesAll the work_as a result of the hard work and they decided to have a two weeks holiday.A. was completed B. has been completed C.had completed D.is completed-_you_the editor at the airport?-No, he _away be

12、fore my arrival.Have, met, has driven B.Had, met, was driven C. Did, meet, had been driven D.Have, met. Had driven-John took a photo of you just now.-Really? What a pity! I_.A.didnt look B.wasnt looking C.hadnt looked D.havent looked-_Mr. White_this week? -No, he is on holiday.A.Has, worked B.Does, work C.Is, working D.Did, workLook! Everything here is under construction. What is the pretty small