句子成分分析

1、句子是寫作的基本單位，只有寫好句子，才有可能寫好文章。英語的句子成分有八種：主語，謂語動詞，表語，賓語，定語，狀語，主語補足語和賓語補足語。句子成分意義充當詞類例句主語表示句子說的是什么或什么事名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，不定式，動名詞，短語或句子We study in City School.謂語說明主語做什么，是什么或怎么樣動詞或動詞詞組She is dancing under the tree.賓語表示動作行為的對象同主語Both of us like English.表語與聯(lián)系動詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征同主語Her father is a teacher.定語用來修飾名詞或代詞

2、形，代，數(shù)，名，副，介詞短語或句子狀語修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞，表示動作發(fā)生的時間，地點，原因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等。副詞，介詞短語或句子賓語補足語邏輯上與賓語是主謂關(guān)系形容詞，名詞和介詞短語主語謂語是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補輔助。賓主來自名代數(shù)，動詞作謂不可無。一， 主語Walls have ears. 名He is Mary. 代詞Three is enough for each of us. 數(shù)詞To become Yao Ming is my wish. 不定式Smoking is bad for you. 動名詞二， 謂語說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)，也是句子的主題部分，一般由動詞充當。動詞分為實義動詞

3、、連系動詞動詞、情態(tài)動詞和助動詞。實義動詞單獨作謂語，連系動詞與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語，情態(tài)動詞與省略to的不定式構(gòu)成合成謂語，助動詞與動詞原形共同構(gòu)成謂語部分。（實義動詞就是表示有實際意義的動詞,如eat（吃）,walk（走路）,smile(笑)等等.非實義動詞包括系動詞,助動詞和情態(tài)動詞,非實義動詞,就是沒有實際意義的動詞.比如助動詞be,do 等.be 單獨使用,構(gòu)成各種進行時態(tài),例如：I am working.本句的am 是助動詞,與后面的現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài),它本身是沒有實際意義的,就是充當構(gòu)成時態(tài)的助動詞,所以我們這時候把它叫做非實義動詞.比如說助動詞do ,例如：Do sit do

4、wn.這里的do 是助動詞,起強調(diào)作用,沒有什么實際的意思,所以是非實義動詞.但是在句子中：do the homework 做作業(yè),這里的do 是“做”的意思,有實際意義,所以這句中的do是實義動詞. ）三，賓語賓語是及物動詞所涉及的對象，一般由名詞，代詞，不定式及動名詞等充當。I help Mary learn Chinese. 名詞I play with him. 代詞He wants to go home. 不定式We enjoy playing football. 動名詞。賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語間接賓語通常用在某些動詞后面。常見的有g(shù)ive, ask, offer, teach,

5、pass, buy等，用在to和for 之后的短語He passed me a ball=He passed a ball to me.Please buy me a map. =Please buy a map for me.四，表語表語的位置在系動詞和連系動詞之后，用來說明主語的性質(zhì)，特征，狀態(tài)。常用的連系動詞有： be, look, get, sound, feel, become, smell, turn, tasteMy father is a teacher.The apple tastes good. 五，定語用來修飾名詞或代詞，They are women workers.Ma

6、ry is a beautiful girl. The play has three acts. I have nothing to eat.Those who want to go to Tianjin are to sign their names here. 單詞作定語放在被修飾的詞之前，短語或句子作定語，放在被修飾的詞后。六，狀語表示時間，地點，原因，目的，結(jié)果，條件，讓步，伴隨情況等。The best fish swim near the bottom. 地點I left the village five years ago.副詞修飾動詞，放在動詞之后The students stu

7、dy hard. Enough 作狀語，只能放在被修飾的詞之后He is old enough to go to school. （讓步狀語從句是狀語從句中的一種，其本身也是狀語從句。一般翻譯為“盡管”或“即使”，就是我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪杏玫摹巴艘徊秸f”的感覺。引導讓步狀語從句的連詞主要有以下這些：though,although,while,as; even if,even though; whether.or.; no matter+疑問詞，疑問詞-ever，regardless of+名詞/名詞短語/名詞從句，despite，in spite of。切記although，though 不可與bu

8、t連用，但可以與still和yet連用）七，賓語補足語英語中有的及物動詞除了要有賓語外，還要加上賓語補足語，才能使句子的意義完整。用來補充說明賓語的動作或狀態(tài)。賓語與賓語補足語一起構(gòu)成符合賓語。需要復合賓語的動詞有：let, tell, help, teach, ask, see, have, order, makeWe will make them happy. The doctor told me to do more exercise. Ill have my car repaired. Dont keep the lights burning. We will make our cou

9、ntry strong. 八，主語補足語 如果一個句子變成被動語態(tài)，那么以前的賓語變成主語，原來的賓語補足語則變成主語補足語。Our country will be made strong. 九，同位語一個名詞（或其他形式）對另一個名詞或代詞進行修飾、限定或說明，這個名詞（或其他形式）就是同位語。同位語與被它限定的詞的格要一致，并常常緊挨在一起。Mr Wang, our new teacher, is very kind to us. We Chinese people are brave and hard-working.口訣記憶主謂賓表定狀補，解釋說明同位語。句子主干主謂賓（表），輔助成分

10、定狀補。定語修飾名詞代，狀修動詞還有副，主謂人稱數(shù)一致，賓語之后常有補。五種簡單句基本句型動詞系動詞主+系+表不及物動詞主語+謂語及物動詞主語+謂語+賓語主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語一，主+系+表The city will become rich. He seems an honest man. The days are getting longer and longer.系動詞：“變化類”：get, become, turn, grow, go“感官類”：taste, smell, feel, look, sound“持續(xù)類”：stay, keep, remai

11、n,其他“似乎”seem, appear, turn out, prove (to be)二，主+謂不及物動詞，就是這種動詞后不可以直接接賓語。常見的不及物動詞有：Work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happenThe train leaves at 7:40. 動詞副詞搭配：The teacher teaches well. The child walks very slowly.動詞介詞搭配：The girl looked at the picture. The children ran to t

12、he forest.三，主語+謂語+賓語及物動詞：就是這種動詞后可以直接接賓語，其賓語通常由名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句等來充當。We like English.I prefer to make web pages. My brother takes care of vegetable garden.四，主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語引導雙賓語的詞有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send, promise, offer, Her father bought her a book. = Her father bought a book for her. The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes.=The old man always tells the stories about the heroes to the children. 五，主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語