電力專業(yè)英語第二講

1、山東交通學(xué)院電氣系張建軍 詞匯continuity n. kntnju:ti 連續(xù)性；串聯(lián)，銜接He said he stood for continuity rather than change.reliability n. rlablt可靠性grid n. grd高壓輸電網(wǎng)；格子; 地圖上的坐標(biāo)方格; 系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò);phase n. fez 階段; 相; 物理學(xué) 相位; 方面，側(cè)面;combustion n. kmbstn燃燒，燒毀; 氧化; 騷動;diesel n. di:zl 柴油；柴油機; 柴油機機車; It is hardly possible to take one page for

2、 listing all the ways in which diesel engines are used.shaft n. ft機械軸；柄，軸; 矛，箭; vt. 給裝上桿柄; rotor n. rot(r) 轉(zhuǎn)子；旋翼; 輪子，旋轉(zhuǎn)器;bearing n. ber 軸承；方位; 支座; 關(guān)系; 態(tài)度，舉止;cylindrical a. slndrkl 圓筒型的；氣缸（或滾筒）的;nozzle n. n:zl噴嘴；俚鼻子;Its nozzle was smeared with some kind of lubricant. 注：smear sm(r)弄臟; 涂沫periphery n. p

3、rfri 表面；外圍; 邊緣; 圓周; 邊緣地帶;blade n. bled葉片槳葉; 刀片，劍; 詞匯與詞組condense v. kndens凝結(jié)成液體；壓縮; 精簡; （使） 冷凝; （使） 凝結(jié);kinetic a. knetk 運動的，活躍的，能動的，有力的; 動力（學(xué)）的;fission n. fn 分裂；核分裂; 分裂生殖;plutonium n. plu:tnim钚vaporization n. veprazen 蒸發(fā)；汽化pelton wheel 沖擊式水輪機；佩爾頓式水輪機pelton 人名 佩爾頓; Francis turbine 軸向輻流式水輪機vane n. ven水

4、輪機葉片；葉; 風(fēng)向標(biāo); 反復(fù)無常的人;municipality n. mju:nsplti市政府；自治市; 市政當(dāng)局;opitmum n. ptmm最佳；最有利； 生物學(xué) 最適度;pylon n. paln 高壓電纜鐵塔; 橋塔,標(biāo)塔; at the very instant 在某一時刻（強調(diào)）with respect to 關(guān)于；就而論；根據(jù)the pilot-plant 小規(guī)模實驗性工廠（裝置）pilot-plant paltpl:nt中間試驗裝置give off 發(fā)出課文內(nèi)容As the power industry grows, so do the economic and engi

5、neering problems connected with the generation, transmission and distribution systems used to produce and handle the vast quantities of electrical energy consumed today. These systems together form an electrical power system.generation 發(fā)電transmission 輸電distribution 配電It is important to note that the

6、 industry that produces electrical energy is unique in that it manufactures its product at the very instant that it is required by the customerIt is important to note 強調(diào)句 譯：特別要注意的是；需要特別指出的是Industry 在這里專指電力工業(yè)unique唯一的，僅有的; 獨一無二的，獨特的; 不平常的Energy for the generation of electricity can be stored in the f

7、orm of coal and oil, and of water in reservoirs and lakes, to meet future requirements, but this does not decrease the need for generator capacity to meet the customers demands.Energy for the generation of electricity can be stored 被動語態(tài)的使用，目的是說清楚客觀事物。reservoirs rezvw:(r)蓄水池; 水庫; 儲藏; 蓄積;generator cap

8、acity 發(fā)電機容量It is obvious that the problem of the continuity of service is very important for an electrical power system. No service can be completely protected from the possibility of failure and clearly the cost of the system will depend on its reliability. It is obvious that 強調(diào)句式，可譯作：顯而易見continuit

9、y of service 根據(jù)context, service專指供電服務(wù)，應(yīng)譯作：供電的連續(xù)性failure根據(jù)context，此處不是失敗，而是指故障reliability可靠性A balance must therefore be struck between reliability and cost; and the final choice will depend on the size of the load, its character, the source of possible interruptions and the users requirements. A bala

10、nce must therefore be struck between reliability and cost.此處雖然是被動句，但翻譯是最好譯為主動句。譯文：因此，（我們）必須在可靠性和成本之間進(jìn)行平衡。its character負(fù)荷的特點 character 性格; 角色; 特點source of possible interruptions 可能的故障源However, a net reliability gain is obtained by employing a certain number of generating units and by using automatic

11、breakers for the separation into sections of the bus bars in generating stations and of the transmission lines in a national or international grid system. net n. 網(wǎng); 網(wǎng)狀織物; 球網(wǎng); 網(wǎng)罩; vt. 用網(wǎng)捕; 捕獲; 凈賺; 踢入球門; adj. 凈的; 凈得的; 最后的;a net reliability gain 電網(wǎng)可靠性的提高automatic breakers 自動斷路器the separation into secti

12、ons of the bus bars 母線分段In fact a large system comprises numerous generating stations and loads interconnected by high-capacity transmission lines. An individual unit of generation or set of transmission lines can usually cease to function without interrupting the general prises包括; 組成; 構(gòu)成; 包含;interc

13、onnected互相連接numerous generating stations and loads interconnected by high-capacity transmission lines. 過去分詞做定語大量由高容量輸電線路連接的發(fā)電廠和負(fù)荷句 子The most usual system today for generation and for the general transmission of power is the three-phase system. In favor of this system are its simplicity and its savin

14、g with respect to other ac systems. the general transmission of power （通用）電力傳輸，通用可不譯出with respect to相對于; 關(guān)于.In particular, for a given voltage between conductors, with a given power transmitted, with a given distance, and with a given line loss, the three-phase system requires only 75 per cent of th

15、e copper or aluminum needed in the single-phase system. In particular特別; 特別地,尤其,詳細(xì)地; 特別地;copper kp(r)銅; 銅幣; 紫銅色; 警察aluminum lju:minm鋁; 純鋁; 鋁合金;Another important advantage of the three-phase system is that three-phase motors are more efficient than single-phase ones. The sources of energy for large-s

16、cale electricity generation are:three-phase motors 三相電動機sources of energy 能源large-scale electricity generation大規(guī)模發(fā)電句子的英譯漢（重點）1. steam obtained by means of a conventional fuel (coal, oil or natural gas), the combustion of city refuse or the employment of nuclear fuel;2. water;3. diesel power from oil

17、.by means of借助; 通過,借助于; 用;conventional fuel常規(guī)燃料; 普通燃料;city refuse城市垃圾There are other possible sources of energy such as direct solar heat, wind power, tidal power, etc., but none of these has yet gone beyond the pilot-plant stage.direct solar heat直接太陽能tidal power潮汐能etc. et setr等等，以及其他 and so onpilot

18、-plant stage試驗裝置階段In large steam power plants, the thermal energy stored in steam is converted into work by means of turbines. A turbine consists essentially of a shaft or rotor fixed in bearings and enclosed in a cylindrical casing. The rotor is made to turn smoothly by means of jets of steam from

19、nozzles around the periphery of the turbine cylinder. is converted into被轉(zhuǎn)換成shaftft柄，軸; 矛，箭bearingber軸承，支座; 關(guān)系; 態(tài)度，舉止,忍受;a cylindrical casing圓柱體外殼jets of steam噴射出的蒸汽nozzlesn:zl噴嘴;periphery prfri外圍; 邊緣; 圓周; 邊緣地帶These steam jets strike blades attached to the shaft. Central power stations employ condens

20、ing turbines in which the steam passes into a condenser after leaving the turbine. strike blades 沖擊（汽輪機）葉片attached to the shaft安裝在轉(zhuǎn)軸上的Central power stations中心發(fā)電站condensing turbines凝汽式汽輪機，是指蒸汽在汽輪內(nèi)膨脹做功以后，除小部分軸封漏氣之外，全部進(jìn)入凝汽器凝結(jié)成水的汽輪機Condensation is effected by the circulation of large quantities of cold

21、water through the tubes of the condenser, thus increasing the expansion ratio of the steam and the consequent efficiency and work output of the turbine. The turbines are connected directly to large electricity generators. circulations:kjlen血液循環(huán); 流通，傳播; 發(fā)行量; （某段時間的） 社交活動;the tubes of the condenser冷凝管

22、expansion ratio膨脹系數(shù); 膨脹比consequent efficiency（隨后的）效率work output功率輸出;In turbines the action of the steam is kinetic. There is progressive expansion of the steam from the high pressure and relatively small volume at which it enters the turbine to the low pressure and relatively very great volume at wh

23、ich it leaves. kinetic knetk運動的，活躍的，能動的，有力的progressive expansion 逐級膨脹volumevlju:m體積; 卷; 音量; 量，大量;In turbines the action of the steam is kinetic.譯文：在汽輪機中，蒸汽的作用是提供動能。Steam is made by heating water in a boiler. The usual boiler has a furnace in which fuel is burned and the heat given off during combust

24、ion is conducted through the metal walls of the boiler to generate steam at a pressure within the boiler vessel. boilerbl(r)鍋爐; 燒水壺; 熱水器 furnace f:ns熔爐，火爐; 極熱的地方; 嚴(yán)峻的考驗或磨難;metal walls 金屬壁boiler vessel汽包In nuclear plants, steam is generated with the aid of a reactor in which the controlled fission of

25、 uranium or plutonium supplies the necessary heat for the vaporization of water. Thus the reactor replaces the steam generator of conventional plants. controlled fission受控裂變vaporization of water水的汽化steam generator 蒸汽發(fā)生器（鍋爐）Use is made of the energy possessed by water in hydroelectric stations. In or

26、der to transform this energy into work, hydraulic turbines are used. Modern hydraulic turbines may be divided into two classes: impulse turbines and pressure or reaction turbines. hydroelectric stations水電站hydraulic turbines水輪機two classes：沖擊式和反擊式均是利用水流與轉(zhuǎn)輪葉片的作用力和反作用力原理將水流能量傳給轉(zhuǎn)輪，使轉(zhuǎn)輪旋轉(zhuǎn)釋放出機械能。Of the form

27、er, the Pelton wheel is the only type used in important installations; of the latter, the Francis Turbine or one of its modifications is universally employed.Pelton wheel培爾頓式水輪機important installations大型電站the Francis Turbine In an impulse turbine, the whole head of water is converted into kinetic ene

28、rgy before the wheel is reached, as the water is supplied to the wheel through a nozzle. head of water水的落差kinetic ener動能wheelwi:l輪子; 旋轉(zhuǎn) 此處專指葉輪In the pressure or reaction turbine the wheel (or runner) is provided with vanes into which water is directed by means of a series of guide vanes around the w

29、hole periphery. The water leaving these guide vanes is under pressure and supplies energy partly in the kinetic form and partly in the pressure form.pressure or reaction turbine 反擊式或反動式水輪機vane 葉片guide vanes導(dǎo)向葉片peripheryprfri外圍; 邊緣; 邊緣地帶The diesel engine is an excellent prime mover for electricity ge

30、neration in plants below about 10,000 kVA. It has the advantage of low fuel cost, a brief warming-up period and low standing losses. Moreover it requires little cooing water. dieseldi:zl內(nèi)燃機;柴油機; 柴油機機車;柴油狄賽爾1858年出生在法國巴黎（德國人）a brief warming-up period 短的預(yù)熱時間low standing losses低（備用）損耗Diesel generation i

31、s generally chosen for small power requirements by municipalities, hotels and factories; hospitals often keep an independent diesel generator for emergency supply.municipalities自治市，自治區(qū)，自治市或區(qū)的政府當(dāng)局emergency supply緊急備用電源The transmission of electrical energy by means of lines is a great problem in elect

32、rical power systems. Transmission lines are essential for three purposes:1. To transmit power from a hydroelectric site to a load centre perhaps a considerable distance away; by means of lines 通過輸電線路的方式a load centre 一個負(fù)荷中心considerable distance away相當(dāng)大的距離2. For the bulk supply of power from steam sta

33、tions to load centers a relatively short distance away;3. For interconnection purposes to transfer energy from one system to another in case of emergency.The transmission voltage is determined largely by economic factors. the bulk supply of power大量的電能供應(yīng)steam stations 蒸汽電站（主要指火電站）interconnection purp

34、oses互連用途economic factors經(jīng)濟因素In fact, in a transmission line, if the distance, the power and the power loss are fixed, the total weight of the conductor varies inversely as the square of the transmission voltage. For the economic transmission of power over considerable distances the voltage must ther

35、efore be high. power loss 功率損耗varies inversely as the square of the transmission voltage與輸電電壓成反比變化For the economic transmission of powerover considerable distances為了遠(yuǎn)距離輸電的經(jīng)濟性Naturally with higher voltages the insulation cost also rises and to find the optimum voltage we must strike a balance between this cost and the saving throng （through)the reduction of the cross-section of the conductors.insulation cost 絕緣成本optimum voltage 最優(yōu)電壓throng