高中英語(yǔ)Unit5Firstaid3GrammarWriting試題含解析人教版必修5

1、Unit 5 First aid5.3 Grammar & WritingGrammar:省略為了避免重復(fù)或?yàn)榱耸咕渥痈?jiǎn)練，在一些句子中常常省去某一個(gè)或某幾個(gè)成分，這種語(yǔ) 法現(xiàn)象在英語(yǔ)中叫省略。省略是避免重復(fù)、突出新信息并使上下文緊密連接的一種語(yǔ)法手段。運(yùn)用修辭手段的目的之一就是節(jié)約用詞、避免重復(fù)。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，只要不會(huì)損害結(jié)構(gòu)或引起歧義，能省略的地方就應(yīng)省略。省略的結(jié)果，不但使句子結(jié)構(gòu)顯得緊湊，而且句子中幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞的意義也更突顯出 來(lái)。一、介詞的省略1 .在英語(yǔ)中一些與動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞搭配的介詞常被省略，而只保留后面的動(dòng)名詞。spend time/money(in)doing sth

2、.have difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth.;prevent/stop sb.(from)doing sth.? We spends half an hour(in)doing some reading every day.我們每天花半小時(shí)讀書(shū)。? He has some trouble(in)learning English.他學(xué)英語(yǔ)有困難。? What prevented you(from)going there?什么事阻止了你去那里？2 .表示時(shí)間的介詞 at, on 和 in 用在 next , last , this , each, these , y

3、esterday , every , tomorrow等詞之前，一般可省略。? We have a final exam(in)every term.每學(xué)期我們都舉行一次期末考試。二、使用so, not等的省略英語(yǔ)中，當(dāng)句中有 think , believe , hope, expect , suppose, guess, afraid 等詞時(shí)可 以使用so, not或其他手段來(lái)省略上文或問(wèn)句中的一部分或整個(gè)句子。? 一Do you think our team will win?你認(rèn)為我們隊(duì)會(huì)贏嗎？據(jù)說(shuō)明天天氣很好。-I think so.我認(rèn)為是這樣。It is said that tom

4、orrow is a fine day.-I hope so.我希望是真的。三、簡(jiǎn)單句的省略1 .感嘆句的省略。目的是突出感嘆的部分。? What a beautiful girl（she is）!（她是）多么漂亮的女孩呀！2 .疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)省略。為避免重復(fù)而省略疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)，這也是常見(jiàn)的一種句式省略。? 一Are you a student?你是一名學(xué)生嗎？ Yes, I am（a student） .是的，我是（一名學(xué)生）。3 . There be句型的省略。? （Is there）Anything wrong? 發(fā)生了什么事嗎？4 .名詞所有格修飾的名詞若表示店鋪、住宅、教堂或上下文已暗

5、示或明確指出過(guò)的事物時(shí)可 省略名詞。? I go to the supermarket instead of the butcher's（shop）to buy meat.我去超市而不是去肉鋪買(mǎi)肉。5 .主語(yǔ)的省略在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧義的情況下，特別是在口語(yǔ)中，主語(yǔ)常常省略。常見(jiàn)的為祈使句中的you和I ,疑問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)。? Beg your pardon.（ 我）請(qǐng)你原諒。（beg前省略了主語(yǔ)I）? Take care! 保重！ （take 前省略了主語(yǔ) you）? Looks as if it will rain.看起來(lái)象要下雨。（looks 前省略了主語(yǔ)it）6 .謂語(yǔ)的省

6、略有些結(jié)構(gòu)中為了避免與前面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞重復(fù)，常省略后面的謂語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)的一部分。? We'll do the best we can.我們將盡力而為。（can后面省略了動(dòng)詞 do）7 .表語(yǔ)的省略在有些句子中，為了避免與前面的表語(yǔ)重復(fù)，常省略后面的表語(yǔ)。? He was a lover of sports as he had been in his youth.他還是像年輕時(shí)那樣，是一位運(yùn)動(dòng)愛(ài)好者。（had been后面省略了 a lover of sports）8 .賓語(yǔ)的省略當(dāng)同一主語(yǔ)的并列謂語(yǔ)不同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，省略最后一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)以外的所有賓語(yǔ)。有些雙賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如ask , owe, pay,

7、teach , tell , show等的直接或間接賓語(yǔ)都可以省略掉一個(gè)。? Let's do the dishes.I'll wash and you'll dry.讓我們洗碗吧，我來(lái)洗，你來(lái)揩干。(wash和dry后面省略了賓語(yǔ) dishes)四、比較結(jié)構(gòu)的省略在“the +比較級(jí)，the +比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)中和由than和as引導(dǎo)的比較句式中，常會(huì)有一些成分在上下文清楚的情況下被省略。? The sooner(you do it) , the better(it will be) .(你做得)越快，(結(jié)果就會(huì))越好。? He is cleverer than any

8、other boy(is).他比其他男孩聰明。? The higher(you stand) , the farther(you can see) . 站得高， 看得遠(yuǎn)。五、并列句中的省略在由and或but連接的并列句中，常省略一些重復(fù)的詞或詞組。? I am a teacher and my husband(is)a doctor.我是個(gè)老師，我丈夫是個(gè)醫(yī)生。? The news made me angry , but(the news made)her happy.這條消息使我生氣，但去口讓她高興。六、主從復(fù)合句中的省略1 .賓語(yǔ)從句中，連詞that常省略，但當(dāng)有多個(gè)并列賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能省

9、略第一個(gè) that。? I know(that)he is an actor and that he is a singer.我知道他是一名演員，也是一位歌唱家。2 .表示條件、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式或讓步等的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)含有be動(dòng)詞，且從句的主語(yǔ)又和主句中的主語(yǔ)一致，或者主語(yǔ)是it時(shí)，常把從句中的主語(yǔ)連同be動(dòng)詞一起省略。? If(it is)necessary , I'll go with you.如果有必要的話，我和你一起去。? Be careful when(you are)crossing the street.過(guò)馬路時(shí)要當(dāng)心。3 .賓語(yǔ)從句中的省略。若引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞在從

10、句中作賓語(yǔ)，該關(guān)系代詞一般可省略；引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)和后面的be動(dòng)詞同時(shí)省略。? The question(that/which)the teacher asked was very difficult.老師問(wèn)的問(wèn)題很難。? The boy(who is)standing by the door is my little brother.站在門(mén)那兒的男孩是我弟弟。? The building(which/that is)being built is our library.正在建的樓是我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)室。七、動(dòng)詞不定式的省略1 .在動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中，為了避免重復(fù)，常常省不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞

11、原形，只保留to。但不定式中的have和be不能省略。? Would you like to go with us?你愿意和我們一起去嗎？ I'm glad to , but I have to finish my homework.我很樂(lè)意去，但是我得完成作業(yè)。? She has succeeded in the final examination but in fact , she ought to have（succeeded in the final examination）.她在期末考試中取得了成功，而實(shí)際上，她本就該獲得成功。? He is a writer now as

12、he used to be.他像從前一樣還是一位作家。2 . 在 used to , ought to , have to , would like/love to , wish to , be going to 等結(jié)構(gòu) 中，常常省略to后面的動(dòng)詞原形。? I'll hand it in if I have to.如果必須要交的話，我會(huì)交上的。3 .感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞的后面作賓補(bǔ)的不定式要省略to ;但此類動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的to不可省略。? I saw him enter the classroom just now.=He was seen to enter the classroo

13、m just now.我剛才看見(jiàn)他走進(jìn)了 教室。4 .介詞but , except（除了）前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的具體形式時(shí)，后面的不定式不帶to。? All he could do was nothing but wait and see.他所能做的只有等著瞧。八、虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的省略1 .虛擬條件句常省略if ,而將were, had, should提前，構(gòu)成部分倒裝。? Had you come here yesterday , you would have met him.=If you had come here yesterday , you would have met him.如果你昨天

14、來(lái)這兒的話，你就會(huì)見(jiàn)到他了。2 .動(dòng)詞 advise , suggest（建議）,propose , demand, insist（堅(jiān)持要求）,require , commandrecommend, order等后的賓語(yǔ)從句及It is.that.主語(yǔ)從句中常省略表虛擬語(yǔ)氣的should。- 4 -? We insisted that he（should）go with us.我們堅(jiān)持要求他和我們一起走。? It is necessary that a child（should）learn more words by heart.孩子有必要多記一些單詞/字。? It is suggested

15、that we（should）go to see the film.有人建議我們?nèi)タ催@部電影。K真題1. 2 2017?江蘇） not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.A. It wereB. Were itC. It wasD.Was it2. （2016 浙江）Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-relateddeaths since theirhighest in 2005.A.

16、 had not fallenB. would not fallC. did not fallD. would not have fallen3. （2016 浙江）一 The movie starts at 8:30,and we can have a quick bite before wego.See you at 8:10A. So longB. Sounds greatC. Good luckD. Have a good time4. （2015 江蘇） It is so cold that you can' t go outside fully covered in thi

17、ck clothes.A. ifB. unless C. once D. when5. （2015 北京）If _for the job, you ' ll be informed so on.A .to acceptB. acceptC. acceptingD. accepted6. （2014 福建 ） no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait forweeks to get news fromaround the world.C .If there areD. If there have been7. （2013 新課

18、標(biāo)全國(guó)卷 I）The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but wasasked by the police A. not to doC. not do8. not toD. do notK好題I.單項(xiàng)填空1. 一What' s the matter with Della? Well , her parents wouldn' t allow her to go to the party , but she still A.hopes toB.hopes soC.hopes notD.hopes for2. Some

19、 of you may have finished Unit one. , you can go on to Unit two.A.If you mayB.If you doC. If notD. If so3. 一 Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday? Yes., I ' m going to visit some homes for the old in the city.A. If everB. If busyC. If anythingD. If possible4. The house I grew

20、 uphas been taken down and replaced by an office building.A. in it B. in Cin that D.in which5. Will the Smiths leave for Australia this spring?-No, they finally decided.A. not to leaveB. not leavingC. not toD. not to be leaving6. He decided not to say anything at the meeting unless.A. asking to B .

21、to ask to C . asked to D . ask to7. 一 Have you watered the flowers?一No, butA. I amB. Im goingD I will goC I m just going to8. he come tomorrow ， I would let you know.A Would B Should C Shall D If9Did you have a good time in Thailand last week? .It was too hot.A Not reallyB Yeah， why notC Oh， greatD

22、You re right10I listen to English every day over the radio. interesting.A Sounds B Sounding C It is sounded D Sound11 Do you think we will have a long holiday next month?- 8 -A I believe notBI believe not soC I don t believe itD I don t believe12 One of the sides of the board should be painted yello

23、wand A the other is whiteBC the other whiteD13 If the food tastes nice ， weA no； noC not ； no another white another is whitell buy some ； if B not ； notD no； not14Who should be responsible for the accident? The boss ， not the workers.They just carried out the order A as told Bas are told C as tellin

24、g D as they told15My mother is preparing my favorite dishes.Go with me and have a taste， okay? .And I ll be glad to meet your parents.A I think so B I d love to C I m sure D I hope so. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換（ 使用省略來(lái)改寫(xiě)句子）1 She works hard.It is no wonder that she passed the exam.She works hard.2 They haven t comple ted

25、the project ， but they ought to have completed it.They haven t completed the project ， 3 It is well done.4 Errors ， if there are any ， should be corrected.Errors ， ， should be corrected.5 If we had gone to the party ， we would have known the fact. ， we would have known the fact. m.單句改錯(cuò)1. In our clas

26、s boys like sports, while girls do not like.2. If is possible, discuss what kind of first aid you should give in these situations.3. Unless inviting to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.4. Will you go with me? Well, I d like.5. Are you a farmer? No, but I used to.6. He could do nothi

27、ng but to wait and see.7. Can you put it off? I am afraid not so.8. What has made him upset recently? Left alone to face a troublesome milk case.w.用省略句完成句子1. （ 必要時(shí) ） ， you can send me an e-mail.2. （ 不管是真是假）, the story is interesting.3. He gave （ 和從前一樣的回答）.4. （ 為什么不） go and help him at once?5. Aren t

28、 you the manager? No, and I （ 不想當(dāng) ）.6. The patient feels better than yesterday. I know （ 他好多了）.7. He opened his mouth（好像要說(shuō)話 ）.8. He may not stay at home. （如果那樣的話 ）,leave him a message.9. I ' ll try my best to read more books（如果可能的話 ）.10. Will you join us in the discussion?（非常高興）.參右答案"K真題1.

29、B【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣和倒裝。虛擬語(yǔ)氣中， be動(dòng)詞統(tǒng)一用were;虛擬語(yǔ)氣的省略形式 主要是把if省略，同時(shí)把 were/should/had 提前，即 Were /Should/ Had I.,故選 B。句意：要不是老師們的支持，該生是無(wú)法克服她自己的困難的。2D【解析】句意:如果政府和科學(xué)家不共同努力,艾滋病相關(guān)的死亡就不會(huì)從加05年的最高點(diǎn)下降，使 用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也條件句用的bad done,而且省暗也 將had提BL主句用would由邂dont表示對(duì)過(guò)去 情況的虛擬。故選D。3. B【解析】句意；”電影在八點(diǎn)半開(kāi)始，我們走之前可以迅速吃點(diǎn)東西"聽(tīng)起來(lái)很棒口 8點(diǎn)10分見(jiàn)” 如

30、皿1 great實(shí)際上是省略句,完整的句子是它吃記鐘兩mds寫(xiě)回和上文提出的建議口蛤.故選民4. B【解析】句意：外面太冷了，你不要出去，除非用厚衣服完全裹起來(lái)。unless fully covered 為“連詞+省略結(jié)構(gòu)”，補(bǔ)充完整為 unless you are 。故選B。5. D【解析】句意：如果錄用你了，我們將很快通知你。本句條件狀語(yǔ)從句中省略了主語(yǔ)you,與accept構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞 accepted。故選D=6. A【解析】對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬，條件句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句用" would/ should/ might/ could +動(dòng)詞原形。虛擬條件句中有 had

31、, should, were時(shí)，可以將if去掉，然后把 had,should, were 提到主語(yǔ)前面。所以選A。句意：如果沒(méi)有現(xiàn)代的通信，我們將會(huì)等上幾周的時(shí)間才能得到來(lái)自世界的新聞。7. B【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式的省略。根據(jù)句意可知，警察要求司機(jī)不要把車(chē)停在路邊?！耙竽橙俗瞿呈隆坝?ask sb to do sth ；"被要求做某事“用 be asked to do sth 。but 后的完整表達(dá)應(yīng)該是：The driver was asked by the police not to park his car nearthe roadside. 為避免重復(fù)，題干中的空缺處

32、是一個(gè)省略了的動(dòng)詞不定式。故選B。句意：司機(jī)想把車(chē)停在路邊，但警察要求他不要這樣做。K好題I .單項(xiàng)填空1. A根據(jù)語(yǔ)境知道，Della很希望去參加這次聚會(huì)。所以 hope后應(yīng)接to go to theparty。但為了避免重復(fù)，常省去不定式動(dòng)詞，僅留下符號(hào) to來(lái)代替不定式。2. D句意為：你們當(dāng)中可能有些人已經(jīng)結(jié)束了第一單元。如果這樣的話，可以開(kāi)始第二單元。so代替前句意思的肯定情況，而 not代替前面意思的否定情況。3. DifpoWe意為口果可能的話Z答句句意為：是的,耒示國(guó)噪可能的話我將去拜訪一些城市里的敬老院口 ifGVGT如果曾經(jīng)有的話*4. B分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知Em后面有一個(gè)限制

33、性定語(yǔ)從句，而且定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞已經(jīng)省略，那么該引導(dǎo)詞一定在富語(yǔ)從句中作良語(yǔ)，所從此空中要填介詞抽，且其后不能再有定語(yǔ)口5. C考查動(dòng)詞不定式的省略口為了避免重復(fù)，動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)省略到故選Cq6. C考查動(dòng)詞不定式的省略。句意為：他決定在會(huì)上什么也不說(shuō)，除非被請(qǐng)求。unlessasked to 相當(dāng)于unless he was asked to say something 。7. C意為：你澆花了嗎？沒(méi)有，不過(guò)我正打算澆。I' m just going to.相當(dāng)于 I' m just going towater the flowers 。8. B此處是對(duì)將來(lái)情況的假設(shè)。虛擬條

34、件句的謂語(yǔ)部分有should , had或were時(shí)，可把if省去，而把should , had或were放在從句的主語(yǔ)之前，構(gòu)成主謂部分倒裝。9. A由“it was too hot ”可知 A項(xiàng)正確。該對(duì)話的答語(yǔ)是省略形式，完整形式為：I didn ' t really have a goodtime in Thailand last week 。10. A將答語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充完整為：It sounds interesting. 其中sound是系動(dòng)詞，意思是“聽(tīng)起來(lái)”，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。11. A 句意為：你認(rèn)為下個(gè)月我們會(huì)有一個(gè)長(zhǎng)假期嗎？我認(rèn)為不會(huì)。I believe not.=I don &

35、#39; t believeso.(I don' t believe we will have a long holiday nextmonth.)12 c因?yàn)閮?cè)子帶兩面，所以應(yīng)用lie other ； wtiiTe前省去了 should be迎ited。13. B第一個(gè)空用口oh if not表示啞果不，在此相當(dāng)于if i【does球t taste nice j第二個(gè)空也用not1相當(dāng)于 wewoR t>u.yo14. Aas told=js tiwy were ELd,此處是as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句的省略,當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)與王句王語(yǔ)一致且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有M時(shí)將從句的王語(yǔ)和區(qū)省略口15.

36、B考查口語(yǔ)中省略形式的含義。句意為一一我媽媽在準(zhǔn)備我最愛(ài)吃的菜。和我一起去嘗嘗，好嗎?我愿意去。我也很想見(jiàn)見(jiàn)你的父母。I think so 意為“我認(rèn)為是這樣"；I ' d love to 意為"我愿意去"；m sure 意為 "我確信"； I hope so意為“我希望是這樣”。n .句型轉(zhuǎn)換（使用省略來(lái)改寫(xiě)句子）1.No; wonder;she; passed;the ; exam2.but;they ; ought ; to ; have3.Well ; done4.ifany5.Had;we; gone; to ; the ;

37、party- 15 -m.單句改錯(cuò)1.去掉第二個(gè)like2.去掉is （或在is前加it)3.inviting改為 invited4.like 后加 to5.to后加be6.去掉to7.去掉so8.Left改為 Being leftW.用省略句完成句子1. Whennecessary 2.Whether true or false3.the same answer as before4. Why not5. don't want to be6. he does'll be glad to7. as if to say something 8. If so 9. if possi

38、ble 10. IWriting :如何寫(xiě)指導(dǎo)性說(shuō)明文I寫(xiě)作指南說(shuō)明文是以說(shuō)明為主要表達(dá)方式，對(duì)事物的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、功能等進(jìn)行介紹，或是闡明事 理，給人提供知識(shí)的一種文體。知識(shí)性、科學(xué)性是說(shuō)明文的主要特點(diǎn)。指導(dǎo)性說(shuō)明文屬于說(shuō) 明事理類文體，它旨在為讀者提供未知的知識(shí)和原理，使讀者閱讀后對(duì)文章所寫(xiě)事物有所了 解，或掌握解決問(wèn)題的方法，是一種實(shí)用性很強(qiáng)的文體。要寫(xiě)好這類文章，需注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1 .時(shí)態(tài)：說(shuō)明文的時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2 .語(yǔ)言：語(yǔ)言要準(zhǔn)確、簡(jiǎn)潔、周密。語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格可以生動(dòng)活潑，也可以平實(shí)簡(jiǎn)明，但必須以準(zhǔn)確為前提。3 .結(jié)構(gòu)：先對(duì)需要說(shuō)明的對(duì)象作總的概括介紹，然后導(dǎo)入具體的說(shuō)明，也就是在文章

39、開(kāi)頭提出需要說(shuō)明的事物或觀點(diǎn)，然后加以列舉說(shuō)明，使文章表達(dá)清晰、條理清楚、層次分明。介紹時(shí)首先我們要保證自己所介紹的方法是正確的，是科學(xué)的。沒(méi)有知識(shí)性錯(cuò)誤，也不能有邏輯上的矛盾。不清楚的地方要核查，不可想當(dāng)然。4 .為了保證句子簡(jiǎn)練可以多用祈使句(如Do 或Don't)或表示建議的句型(We/Youshould/had better.等)當(dāng)涉及對(duì)讀者不利或使讀者感到不快的事情時(shí)，也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，使語(yǔ)氣緩和，以顯婉轉(zhuǎn)。唾國(guó)旬去1 .下列這些表達(dá)可以使你的說(shuō)明更有條理：First , second , third , at last.First , next , then , finall

40、y.Firstly/First of all/To begin with.Secondly.Besides, In addition.Lastbut not least.2 .下列句子可幫你用于寫(xiě)急救說(shuō)明文 We should check whether she/he is conscious or not. We should cheek whether the person can breathe or not. Use the mouth-to-mouth method within five minutes.Don't move him/her ; leave him/her

41、where he/she is. Lay the patient down on a coat or sleeping bag if possible. Raise his/her feet higher than his/her head and take his/ her pulse.CD Cover the wound with a bandage or a piece of dry clean cloth. Wash the wound with cold running water.3 .結(jié)尾常用表達(dá)： We can draw the conclusion that. In short/In brief/In a word. It seems clear that. We can know/learn that.*儂偉欣©請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下提示寫(xiě)一篇120150詞的短文，簡(jiǎn)要介紹一下對(duì)遇到心臟病等疾病突發(fā)(seizure)病人應(yīng)該采取什么樣的措施。題目：First Aid for Seizures【寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)】急救過(guò)程的注意事項(xiàng)：1 .把附近的危險(xiǎn)物體移開(kāi)以免病人受到傷害；不要移動(dòng)病人，除非他