跨文化交際中地中西文化沖突論文

1、實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案淺析跨文化交際中的中西文化沖突An analysis of Chinese-Western culturalconflicts in intercultural communicationContentsAcknowledgment (5)Abstract (in Chinese) .(6)Abstract (in English) .(7)1. Introduction (8)2. Culture Conflicts .(8)2.1 Connotation 2.2 The conflicts on privacy(9)2.3 The conflicts on the sense

2、of time(9)9.4 The conflicts on traditional cultures (10)9.5 The conflicts on table custom (10)3. Causes for Cultural Conflicts(11)11.1 hedifferenceinthemodeofthinking .(11)11.2 he difference in behavior (12)3.3 The difference in the concept of value (12)3.4 The difference in language transference (1

3、3)4.StrategiesforDealingWithCulturalConflicts .(13)4.1 Clearness With Conflicts(14)4.2 Familiarity With Other Cultures(14)5 .Thesignificanceofstudyinginterculturalcommunication (15)5.1 Studying intercultural communication can reduce the communicativeobstacles . (15)5.2 Studying intercultural communi

4、cation can reduce the communicative conflicts ( 16).5.3 Studying intercultural communication can widen people' s visual and promoteculturecommunication .(17)6 . Conclusion .(17)References .(18)精彩文檔AcknowledgmentI would like to take this opportunity to thank my tutorYan Cong,whose help and patien

5、ce made this essay get off the ground and come to a close smoothly.I would like to appreciate the help of other teachers, who give me useful advices on finishing this paper. Their useful advice and help made my paper much more mature than before.I am very grateful of my lovely friends who offered me

6、 quiet situation to compose my paper and discuss with me about my paper.Last but not least, thanks are given to my parents, who have shared with memy worries, frustrations, and hopefully my ultimate happiness in eventually finishing this essay.摘要跨文化交際是指任何在語言和文化背景方面有差異的人們之間的交際。近年來，在全球化背景下，中西方文化發(fā)生交織碰撞

7、。隨著中西跨文化交際活動(dòng)的日 益頻繁，由于各國的價(jià)值觀念、倫理道德觀念、民族習(xí)慣等差異，發(fā)生文化沖突 的事件屢見不鮮，并且時(shí)常會鬧出很多笑話，出現(xiàn)很多讓人難堪的尷尬境地。這 嚴(yán)重影響了雙方交往的順利進(jìn)行和國家與國家之間的友誼。因此我們很有必要找 出其深層次的原因，并采取一定的措施來培養(yǎng)跨文化交際的能力， 避免文化沖突, 讓國與國之間的交流變得輕松自如，成為一種人人渴望的享受而不再是怯場或恐 懼。關(guān)鍵詞：跨文化交際、文化差異、文化沖突AbstractIntercultural communication is an academic field of study and means the co

8、mmunication between people from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds. In recent years, at the background of globalization, Chinese and Western cultural occurred interweaves the collision. As the frequency between the Chinese and Western intercultural communication activities day by day, Man

9、y matters of cultural conflicts in intercultural communication of Chinese culture and western culture had been happened repeatedly because of differences on concept of value,ethics morality and實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案natiinal customs among various countries.And it often make many jokes, appears circumstances which ma

10、de people embarrassed. This seriously affected the course of communication and the friendship between nations. Therefore, it is necessary for us to find the in-depth reason and take some certain measures to improve the ability of intercultural communication. This is the right way to avoid the cultur

11、al conflicts and let the social communcation become more free and relaxed between nation and nation,and then becoming an enjoument everyone wantsinstead offrighten or feer.Key words: Intercultural Communication, Chinese-Western, cultural difference, cultural conflict.1. IntroductionIntercultural com

12、munication is a form of global communication. To put it simply, intercultural communcation means the communcation between people from different cultural backgrounds .It is used to describe the wide range of communicative problems that naturally appear within an organization made up of individuals fr

13、om different religious, social, ethnic, and educational backgrounds. It seeks to understand how people from different countries and cultures act, communicate and perceive the world around them. Intercultural communication is not something new, but something that has always taken place, sometimes wit

14、hout our knowing it.After the Second World War, people find that the earth becomes smaller andsmaller:politicians from each country are busy in communication on theintercultural stage; internationalcompanies are found everywhere; scientists andscholars exist in international academic forum; more and

15、 more people visit foreign countries,ect. All in all, International communication becomes so frequent. At the 精彩文檔實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案same time, various cultural conflicts in communication appear nearly everywhere in the communication between people from different cultural background. It is urgent for researchers

16、 to be aware of those conflicts and try different communicative methods to solve them in order to have a better communication in different social affairs.The writer does several research about different bibliography and make a conclusion from those documents in intercultural communication with the a

17、im of finding effective methods to solve Chinese-Western cultural conflicts in intercultural communication.The paper describes some frequent conflicts in intercultural communication.Then we have the analysis of causes of those cultural conflicts. Next, the essay offers two strategies for dealing wit

18、h cultural conflicts. They are clearness with conflicts, familiarity with other cultures. At last, the essay will tell us the significance of studying intercultural communication.2. Culture Conflicts2.1 ConnotationOne thing we can be sure of is that conflict is unavoidable. Conflicts are happening a

19、ll around the world, as they always have. Thus cultural conflicts are the conflicts occurring in intercultural communication which is caused by cultural differences that can also not be avoided. There are many culture conflicts in intercultural communication between Chinese cultural and western cult

20、ure, it is impossible for us to list them out one by one. Here, some frequent conflicts are listed out.+2.2 The conflicts on privacyThe sense of privacy of Chinese people is relatively weak. Chinese people think individual should belong to the collective; they think people should be united and frien

21、dly; they think people should care for each other. So, Chinese people arewilling to know the other people ' s things and the others also want to tell them.But western people attach great importance to the personal privacy. They want to have personal space and they are not willing to tell others

22、their own things, they do not even want others to interfere their life. So, there are many conflicts on privacy between Chinese people and western people. For example, when Chinese people meet each other the first time, they would like to ask about the others ' age, marriage, family, profession

23、and even their income. They think this is a polite way to communicate with each other, but in the eyes of western peoplethese questionsviolate their privacy.2.3 The conflicts on the sense of timeThe sense of time of western people is closely linked to money.The idea thattime is money has formed in t

24、heir thought. So, they set a high value on their timein life. In the daily time, western people have a precise plan about their time and they have a good habit of coming to date on time. In western countries, if you want to call on someone, you must inform them or date with them before you come and

25、youshould tell them your coming purpose, the time and the place. After both of youdiscuss about it, you can make it out. But, Chinese people use their time at theirpleasure. Usually, Chinese people will not do things as the western people, andwestern people usually feel unsuitable on this course. Mo

26、st western people spendtheir time in working and studying, they seldom spend a lot time in eating or doing something else. But Chinese people spend much time on other things.2.4 The conflicts on traditional culturesChinese people pay special attention to modesty. When they communicate withothers, th

27、ey often respect others but look down upon themselves. They think thisis a virtue and this is a polite phenomenon with Chinese characteristics. Whenothers praise Chinese people, they often show very modest. Western countries do not havethis phenomenon, when they are praised, they are often very happ

28、y and say“thank you“ to others to show they accept the praise. Because of the cultural difference, Chinese people often hold that western people are too confident and ignorant of the fact that modesty is one kind of politeness in Chinese cultures. But, when western people know Chinese people do not

29、agree with others when others praise them or when western people know Chinese people deny their own achievement, western people will feel very surprised, they think Chinese people are not honest. Chinese are likely to say “ Have you eaten yet? ” when we meet a friend. It is one way of expressing“Hel

30、lo " or " Hi” . But after hearing this the westerners are tend to think that their Chinese friends are afraid they have not money for eating. This kind of cognitive conflict offen occurs in intercultural communication.2.5 The conflicts on table customChinese nationality has a excellent tra

31、dition of enthusiasm and hospitality.In the settings of social communication or on the banquet, the enthusiastic Chinese people often give cigarettes to others and drink with each other. WhenChinese people hold a party, even there are a lot foods on the table, the host often say some conventional se

32、ntences such as “There is not much food" or "This is but a homely meal” . The host sometimes gets some foods for the guest and put them to the guest ' s bowl and they try many ways to let the guest drink more and eat more. But in western countries, people attach importance to personal

33、authority and personal privacy. So, they will not force others to do any thing. When they have a meal, they will not get some food for the guests, the guests eat what they want to eat, they will also not ask the guests to drink and drink till they get drunk.3. Causes for Cultural ConflictsThere are

34、varied of reasons which caused the culture conflicts between China and western countries. The basic reason is that China and western countries have different culture, different history background. All of these will surely bring the difference of people ' s mode of thinking, difference of behavio

35、r, thus conflicts can hardly be avoided. Here are some main reasons.3.1 The difference in the mode of thinkingCulture will affect people's views and understanding of the outside world ofthings. Different countries have different cultures. So, the difference in people ' s thinking way must ex

36、ist. You can easily find such difference between Chineseculture and western culture. When western people think, they would like to attachimportance to logic and analysis, While Chinese people valuepresentative feelingwhich is the characteristic of Chinese traditional modeof thinking.Due to the great

37、influence of this traditional culture, Chinese people pay great attention to their feeling, experience and the feeling in the course of communication, and they often use this experience and feeling to communicate with people. Compared with thethinking way of the western people, the modeof thinking o

38、f Chinese people has obvious unclear, after a long time, it forms their thinking way. It can be explained as the classifying feeling course of distinguishing and simplifying o outside objects.Looking from the essence, Chinese people ' s thinking way often neglects the difference of individual ob

39、jects and exaggerates the recognitive attitude of other social masses. It often bear a person ' s own emotion, accompanied with fixed faith. In all of Chinese people ' s thinking ways, some are right but some are wrong. They will affect the intercultural communication directly and cause the

40、failed communication.3.2 The difference in behaviorThe specific meaning of behavior is the moral standard and action standard.In simple words, it is a standard that just tell people what they can do and whatthey can not do. When people coming from different cultures communicate with eachother, a phe

41、nomenon that people usually use their own social behavior standard tojudge if others ' behavior is reasonable or not. Because of the difference of the behavior standard, it always causes misunderstanding, unhappiness or even worse result. For example, Chinese people like tapping the children 

42、9; s head to show their friendliness. But in western countries, this is a very disrespectful gesture. Their parents will be very angry if they see someone does this to their child. So, whether you can recognize and use behavior standard correctly in the intercultural communication is a very importan

43、t factor to ensure intercultural communication togo successfully. To guarantee the successful intercultural communication, one must understand the others ' behavior standard, especially, one must know what behavior standard is. Then he can avoid the troubles.3.3 The difference in the concept of

44、valuePeople ' s communicative ability always emerges in the development of society.Therefore, it has close relationship with the concept of value. Every culture hasits own specific value system. This system can help people to distinguish beautyfrom ugliness, kindness from evil. This is people &#

45、39; s life philosophy, moral standard and behavior standard. But it can exist without specific culture. Each culture has its different judgement standard. In this kind of culture peoplethink it is good,while in another culture people think it is bad. But each culture has its enoughreasons to exist i

46、n its own cultural system. People can not think one value standard is advanced and another standard is not advanced.Taking Chinese culture andwestern culture as an example, in Chinese culture, people like modesty and politeness and they pursue adapting themselves to circumstances. Chinese people do

47、not liketo compete with others, and Chinese social tendency dislike the individual who likes showing himself or herself off. If one person appears much stronger than any other people, he will be surely kept away from others, just as a Chinese idiom goes, atall tree catches the winda person in a high

48、 position is liable to be attacked.In Chinese culture, the collective value is in the leading position. Pursuingindividual development is viewed as a serious individualism,and it will be blamed.But in western culture, individualism is generally recognized by people. aAdapting oneself to circumstance

49、s " is viewed as a behavior that lack enterprise, it is the synonym of laziness and disability and it is abandoned by society and individual.Western people like to concern and judge something by themselves, and they wouldtry their best to realize personal ideas.3.4 The difference in language tr

50、ansferenceThe evaluation and explanation that people give the phenomena and affairs they see are built on the base of their own culture. Some people meet troubles in intercultural communication. One reason is that they neglect the language transference. The rule of using language is different becaus

51、e of the difference of culture. One can explain something in its own culture, but fail to do so in another culture. The basic reason is that people lack the sensation of the difference of social language. They will use language transference unconsciously. The result of this action is very serious, a

52、nd it can even bring big economic loss. China ' s woolen industry gets a good evaluation all over the world. There is a delicate woolen quilt tick produced in the north region. Its Chinese trade mark is“ShuangYang” . Thetrade mark is translated to“Goats“ in English, as the result, the commodity

53、sellsbadly in western countries.The reason is that "goat " this word has a meaning of“sex manias " besides the original meaning. Having this English trade mark, even if the quality of this woolen quilt tick is very good and people will feel comfortable when they use this woolen quilt

54、tick, many women will not put it on their bed.4. Strategies for Dealing With Cultural ConflictsIt can be known from the analysis, above that, there are many culture conflicts in the course of communication between Chinese people and western people. These culture conflicts affect the intercultural co

55、mmunication directly or indirectly.Therefore, it is necessary to improve people ' s ability of intercultural communication to change this situation.4.1 Clearness With ConflictsSince cultures all over the world are significantly different and cultural conflicts are unavoidable, the first step of

56、dealing with those conflicts is clearness with conflicts. First of all, during an intercultural communication between two or more people who are from different cultural backgrounds, we shouldbe aware that cultural conflicts could happen in any time during this conversation. Second, it is better to b

57、e clear with different kinds of cultural conflicts, for example conflict of interest and goal conflict to guarantee a better understanding in an intercultural communication.4.2 Familiarity With Other CulturesA. A Good Master of LanguagePeople are not like animal, people use languages. Language is th

58、e easiest way in expressing ideas, exchanging information, sharing experiences, negotiating, etc. Language is a special constitution of culture-Language is a social phenomenon, acommunication tool between people, and a medium integrating human and culture. Although intercultural communication in two

59、 languages in accessible, one language conversation is more convenient and general. So the container who is involved in an intercultural communication should be a good master of the target language so that everyone can understand each other in case a basic understandable conversation is guaranteed. What' s more, apparently, the elect