2013年人教版七年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語語法知識(shí)

1、 七年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語語法知識(shí) 英語的十大詞類.詞類英語名稱意義例詞名詞Noun (n.)表示人或事物的名稱boy, pencil, book, 冠詞Article (art.)用在名詞前幫助說明名詞所指的人或事物a (an), the代詞Pronoun (pron.)用來代替名詞we, that, his, what形容詞Adjective (adj.)用以修飾名詞，表示人或事物的特征 old, red, fine, good數(shù)詞Numeral (num)表示數(shù)量或順序one, thirteen, first, ninth動(dòng)詞Verb (v.)表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)look, go, be(am, is,

2、 are)副詞Adverb (adv.)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其他副詞not, too, here, often介詞Preposition (prep.)表示名詞、代詞等和其他詞的關(guān)系in, on, of, to, under連詞Conjunction (conj.)用來連接詞與詞、短語與短語或句與句and, or, but感嘆詞Interjection (interj.)表示說話時(shí)的喜悅、驚訝等情感oh, hello, hi 英語句子成分：組成句子的各個(gè)部分即句子成分。句子成分包括：主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語等。一、主語（subject）: 句子說明的人或事物。1. Bob ha

3、s a soccer ball . 鮑勃有一個(gè)足球。 （名詞） 2.He likes dancing.他喜歡跳舞。（代詞）二、謂語（predicate）: 說明主語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征，謂語一般是動(dòng)詞。1.We study English. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語 2. He is asleep. 他睡著了。 三、表語（predicative）:表示主語“是什么”或者“怎么樣”，表語前面的動(dòng)詞稱為系動(dòng)詞。 “系動(dòng)詞+表語”一塊稱為謂語。 1. He is a teacher.他是個(gè)老師（名詞 2. Five and five is ten. 五加五等于十（數(shù)詞） 3.He is asleep.他睡著了 （

4、形容詞） 4.His father is in. 他的父親在家 （副詞） 5.The picture is on the wall. 畫在墻上。 (介詞短語)6.That sounds good 那聽起來很好。 7.It looks nice . 看上去很好。常見的系動(dòng)詞有: be, sound（聽起來）, look（看起來）, feel(摸起來，smell（聞起來）, taste（嘗起來、吃起來）, feel（感覺） .四、賓語：動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象 1.I like China. 我喜歡中國。（名詞） 2.You can help me. 你能幫助我。（代詞） 3.How many do yo

5、u need? We need two. 你們需要多少？我們需要兩個(gè)。（數(shù)詞） 4. I like playing soccer. 我喜歡踢足球。 （動(dòng)名詞） 5.I want to have an apple. 我想要吃個(gè)蘋果。 （不定式） 雙賓語-間接賓語（指人）和直接賓語（指物） Toms mother buy him some books. 湯姆的媽媽給他買了一些書。 五、賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。We will make them happy. 我們將讓他們高興。（形容詞）His father help him to do his homework. 他的父親幫他做家庭作

6、業(yè)。（帶to不定式）六、定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。1. He is a Chinese teacher. 他是個(gè)語文老師。（名詞） 2. He is our friend. 他是我們的朋友。（代詞）3. I have three books. 我有三本書。 （數(shù)詞） 4. He is a good student. 他是個(gè)好學(xué)生。（形容詞）5.The boy in red is my brother. 穿紅衣服的男孩是我的弟弟。(介詞短語)七、狀語：用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或 句子。 表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式等。 1.I go to schoo

7、l at seven oclock. 我在七點(diǎn)鐘上學(xué)。 2.He reads the book in the room.他在房間里看書。 3.I dont like thrillers because they are scary. 我不喜歡恐怖片因?yàn)樗鼈兲珖樔肆恕?3 冠詞 ：冠詞是置于名詞之前。冠詞分為不定冠詞"a，an"、定冠詞"the"和零冠詞三種。零冠詞指的是不用冠詞的情況。 不定冠詞表示“一”，定冠詞表示“這個(gè)，那個(gè)，這些，哪些”。 不定冠詞的用法-1 不定冠詞有"a和an"兩種形式。"a"用在以輔音開

8、頭的詞前，"an"用在以元音 開頭的詞前。判斷一個(gè)詞是以元音開頭還是以輔音開頭，是根據(jù)讀音而不是根據(jù)字母。 用于可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前，表示"一" There is a tiger in the zoo. 動(dòng)物園里有一只老虎。an apple ,an orange ,an English boy ,你還能寫出一些前邊用an 的詞嗎？_ 不定冠詞的用法-2 用在某些表示數(shù)量的詞組中： a lot of 許多 a pair of 一雙 定冠詞的用法1) 用于指談話雙方都知道的人或事物 Open the door, please. 請(qǐng)把門打開。2) 用以復(fù)述上文

9、提過的人或事物（第一次提到用“a或an”，以后再次提到用“the”） I have a pencil , the pencil is green . 我有一支鉛筆，這支鉛筆是綠色的。 3) 用在序數(shù)詞前 January is the first month of the year. 一月份是一年當(dāng)中的第一個(gè)月。 4) 表示世界上宇宙中獨(dú)一無二的事物 the sun 太陽 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 the sky 天空 the world 世界5) 表示演奏樂器時(shí)，樂器的前面要加the play the piano 彈鋼琴 play the violin 拉小提琴 零冠詞

10、的用法 1) 專有名詞前一般不加冠詞 Tom 湯姆 China 中國 Europe 歐洲 2) 月份、周日、節(jié)日前一般不加冠詞 January 一月份 Sunday 星期日 Christmas Day 圣誕節(jié) Thanksgiving 感恩節(jié)National Day 國慶節(jié) May Day 勞動(dòng)節(jié) 比較： .on a Sunday morning. 在一個(gè)星期天的早晨. （表示某一個(gè)。） 3）三餐、四季前一般不加冠詞 I have lunch at school. 我在學(xué)校吃午餐。 4）球類運(yùn)動(dòng)不加冠詞play basketball 打籃球 play volleyball 打排球 play f

11、ootball 踢足球 時(shí)態(tài)概說 在英語中，不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，要用不同的動(dòng)詞形式來表示，這種動(dòng)詞的不同形式稱為時(shí)態(tài)。 I am 14 this year. 今年我14 歲。 I was 13 last year.去年我13 歲。 He plays soccer every day.他每天都踢足球。 He played soccer yesterday.昨天他踢足球了。 英語中共有16 種時(shí)態(tài)，常用的有9種。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，如：He is 12. She is at home. 表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作， 如：I go to school at 7:30 ev

12、ery day. 表示主語具備的性格和能力等，如：She likes apples. They know English.動(dòng)詞的種類動(dòng)詞分為四種：連系動(dòng)詞, 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞, 助動(dòng)詞, 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1）連系動(dòng)詞：詞義不完全，要和后面的表語一塊構(gòu)成謂語。如 be (am, is are)是，sound聽起來，look看起來 She is my sister.That sounds interesting .聽起來很有趣。2）實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，有實(shí)際意義的動(dòng)詞，能單獨(dú)做謂語。如 see, ask, like I like bananas.3）助動(dòng)詞：本身沒有詞義，幫助實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成否定句，疑問句。如 do，doe

13、sI dont like chicken .Does he like apples ?4）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；本身具有一定意義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，必須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。can,能，會(huì)，must ,必須，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后一定要用動(dòng)詞原形。I can speak English .I must find it . 我一定要找到它動(dòng)詞be的用法be 的用法口訣我用am，你用are，is連著他，她，它；單數(shù)名詞用is，復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。變疑問，往前提，句末問號(hào)莫丟棄。變否定，更容易，be后not莫忘記。疑問否定任你變，句首大寫莫遲疑。Be動(dòng)詞專項(xiàng)練習(xí) 用am, is, are 填

14、空：1. I _ a student. _ you a student? No, I _ not.  2. The girl_ Jack's sister.   3. The dog _ tall and fat.   4. The man  _ a teacher.&#

15、160;  5. _ your brother in the classroom?   6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home.   7. How _ your father?   8. Jane and Tom _ my friends   9.  Where _ my

16、pen ? 10.  Where _ my books ? 11. That _ my red skirt.   12. Who _ I?   13. The jeans _ on the desk.   14. Here _ a photo of my family .   15. Here _ 

17、some sweaters for you.   16. The black book _ for Su Yang.   17. This pair of socks_ 20 dollars.   18. The two cups of milk _ for me.   19. 

18、Some tea _ in the glass.   20. How much _ the skirt? 21  How much _ the trousers ? 22.   My sister's name _Nancy. 23. _ David and Helen from England?   24. There _

19、60;a girl in the room.   25. You, he and I _ from China. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換的方法一.肯定句變否定句1.句子中有be，在be后加not。) I am a student. I am not a student.2) They are blue . They arent blue.3) He is Tom. He isnt Tom 2.謂語是動(dòng)詞原形，在動(dòng)詞前加dont。) I have a book . I dont h

20、ave a book.2) They like Chinese . They dont like Chinese.3) We come from China. We dont come from China.3謂語動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)，在動(dòng)詞前加doesnt，動(dòng)詞用原形。1)She has a basketball. She doesnt have a basketball2)Maria likes China. Maria doesnt like China.3)Jane comes from the U.S.A. Jane doesnt come from the U.S.A.練習(xí)：將下列句

21、子變成否定句。1. I am a teacher. I _ a teacher.2. We are students. We _ students.3. Jane is a girl. Jane _ a girl.4. They like English. They _ like Chinese5. I come from China. I _ come from China.6. He likes Chinese. He_ like Chinese.7. Maria comes from Cuba. Maria_ come from Cuba.8. We know Maria. We _ k

22、now Maria二.肯定句變一般疑問句句子中有be，把be提到句首1) I am a student. Are you a student?2) They are blue. Are they blue?3) He is Tom. Is he Tom?2.謂語是動(dòng)詞原形，在句首加do。1).I have a book . Do you have a book?2) They like Chinese . Do they like Chinese?3) We come from China. Do you come from China? 3.謂語動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)，在句首加Does，動(dòng)詞用原

23、形。1) She has a basketball . Does she have a basketball?2) Maria likes China. Does Maria like China?3) Jane comes from the U.S.A. Does Jane come from the U.S.A?4) She knows Maria. Does she know Maria?練習(xí):將下列句子變成一般疑問句。1. I am a teacher. _ _ a teacher?2. They are students. _ _ students?3. Jane is a girl

24、. _ _ a girl?4. They like English. _ they like English?5. I come from China. _ you come from China?6. He likes Chinese. _ he_ Chinese?7. Maria comes from America. _ Maria _ from America?8. We speak Chinese. _ you_ Chinese?三.一般疑問句做肯定,否定回答1.Are you Maria ? 肯定回答：Yes , I am.否定回答：No, Im not.2.問句和答語的動(dòng)詞保持一

25、致.1) Are you a student? 肯: Yes, I am. 否： No, Im not.2) Is he Jack ? 肯：_. 否：_.3) Do they like Chinese? 肯：_. 否：_.4) Does she have a basketball ? 肯：_. 否：_.3.問句和答語中的主語保持一致。（必須用主格）1) Is Jane from the U.S.A?肯:Yes, she is. 否:No，she isnt. 2) Does Li Hua come from China?肯：_. 否：_. 3) Do Jane and Maria like Ch

26、ina?肯：_. 否：_. 4) Is this a ruler?肯：_. 否：_.5) Is that a desk? 肯：_. 否：_.6) Are these books?肯：_. 否：_.7) Are those pencils?肯：_. 否：_.8) Are these erasers?肯：_. 否：_.9) Is that an orange?肯：_. 否：_.練習(xí)：給下列句子做肯定回答或否定回答。1.Are you a student? Yes, _ _ . No, _ _ .2. Do they like English? Yes, _ _ . No, _ _ .3. Is J

27、ane a girl? Yes,_ _. No, _ _ . .4. Does Maria like China? Yes, _ _ . No, _ _.5. Is Jenny a student? Yes , _ _ No , _ _ .6. Is that a girl? Yes , _ _No , _ _.7. Are those telephones? Yes , _ _ No , _ _ .8. Does Tom know Jane? Yes , _ _ No , _ _.9. Do they come from the U.S.A? Yes , _ _ No , _ _.10. I

28、s this an egg? Yes , _ _ No , _ _ 四.對(duì)劃線部分提問. 口訣：一選二變?nèi)龁柼?hào): 一選是分析句意，先選疑問詞，代替劃線部分（劃線部分去掉），二變是把剩余部分變成一般疑問句（疑問詞作主語時(shí)除外），第三步加上問號(hào)。練習(xí) ：對(duì)劃線部分提問1. The shoes are black _2. She is my teacher. _3 My keys are on the sofa. _4. Lily is in the classroom. _5. I am fine. _6. That boy is Tom. _10. Her telephone number is

29、 88828539. _11. The skirt is 12 dollars _12. She is 12 years old. _13. His name is Jim Green ._14. My birthday is on December,24_1.My name is Nancy. _ _ your name?2.I am from China. _ _ you from?3.I am fine . _ are you?4. Miss.Wang is our English teacher. _ is your English teacher?5.Lucy is ten year

30、s old. _ _ are you?6. It is yellow . _ _ is it？7.My telephone number is 5805000. _ _ your telephone number?8.They are cars . _ are they?9.This is my cap. _ cap is this?10.My favorite movie star is Bruce Lee. _ is your favorite movie star ? 五.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換.1.Please give Jane the book. Please _ the book _ Jan

31、e.2. This is my book. This book is _3. He has short hair. _ _ is short.4. My ruler is not long. My ruler is_5. This jacket is not new. This jacket is _ 6.My English teacher is old . My English teacher is not _.六.單復(fù)數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換.1.將下列句子變成復(fù)數(shù). It is a box . _ _ _ _ . This is a ruler. _ _ _ _. That is an eraser.

32、_ _ _ _. He is a student. _ _ _ _. .2.將下列句子變成單數(shù)。1.They are pencils. _ _ _ _ .2.These are erasers. _ _ _ _ .3.They are boys. _ _ _ _ .4. They are girls . _ _ _ _ .5.Those are books. _ _ _ _ .6.These are desks. _ _ _ _ .7.These are boxes. _ _ _ _ .8.Those are cars. _ _ _ _ .六. 仿照例句改寫下列句子。She is in the

33、 classroom .否定句： She is not in the classroom.一般疑問句： Is she in the classroom?回答：Yes, she is. (No, she isnt)1. I am a student .否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否定回答：_2. This is my book.否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否定回答：_3. They are on the desk.否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否定回答：_4. The pen is red.否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否定回答：_八改寫句子1. Those are my books. 否定句：_一

34、般疑問句：_肯、否定回答：_變單數(shù)：_劃線部分提問：_2. She is my good friend.否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否定回答：_變復(fù)數(shù)：_劃線部分提問：_3. The pen is in the desk.否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否定回答：_變復(fù)數(shù)：_劃線部分提問：_動(dòng)詞have , has 的用法 用法一. have強(qiáng)調(diào)所屬關(guān)系，主語常為人或物。意為“有”當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，并且只有當(dāng)句子為肯定句時(shí)，動(dòng)詞“有”用has，當(dāng)主語不是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，以及否定句和疑問句中用一律用have一用have或has填空：1. She_ some balls. 2. They_ a n

35、ice garden. 3. Miss Li doesnt_ an English book.4. What does Mike_? 5. My father_ a story-book。6. My parents dont_ any nice pictures. 7. Davids friends_ a basketball.8. David_ some jackets.二仿照例句句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1.We have a baseball.變一般疑問句 Do you have a baseball ?肯定回答 Yes ,I do .否定回答 No , I dont .否定句 We dont have

36、 a baseball .對(duì)劃線部分提問 What do you have ? 2.David has a ruler .變一般疑問句 Does David have a ruler ?(注意has變成 have)肯定回答 Yes , he does .否定回答 No , he doesnt否定句 David doesnt have a ruler . (注意has變成 have)對(duì)劃線部分提問 What does David have? (注意has變成 have)練習(xí)：1.Eric has some nice photos.變一般疑問句_肯定回答 _否定回答 _否定句 _對(duì)劃線部分提問_2

37、.Her friends have many books.變一般疑問句_肯定回答 _否定回答 _否定句 _對(duì)劃線部分提問_3.Our school has a library.變一般疑問句_肯定回答 _否定回答 _否定句 _對(duì)劃線部分提問_4.Lucy has an orange skirt.變一般疑問句_肯定回答 _否定回答 _否定句 _對(duì)劃線部分提問_用法二. Have和has除了意思為“有”外，還可以表示“吃或喝”1.吃早飯 _ 2.吃午飯 _ 3.吃晚飯_用法三Have也可以和表示某種活動(dòng)的名詞連用，意為“舉行”7.上課 _ 8.舉行生日聚會(huì)_句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. I have some fi

38、sh for lunch every day.變一般疑問句_肯定回答 _否定回答 _否定句 _對(duì)劃線部分提問_2.Lily has apples for dinner.變一般疑問句_肯定回答 _否定回答 _否定句 _對(duì)劃線部分提問_(三) 動(dòng)詞like 的用法仿照例句句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1.They like ice cream.變一般疑問句 Do they like ice cream?肯定回答 Yes , they I do .否定回答 No , they dont .否定句 they dont like ice cream .對(duì)劃線部分提問 What do they like ? 2.She li

39、kes vegetables. 變一般疑問句Does she like vegetables? (注意likes變成like)肯定回答 Yes , she does .否定回答 No , she doesnt .否定句 She doesnt like vegetables (注意likes變成like)對(duì)劃線部分提問 What does she like ? 練習(xí)：1. I like strawberries .變一般疑問句_肯定回答 _否定回答 _否定句 _對(duì)劃線部分提問_2 .you like salad.變一般疑問句_肯定回答 _否定回答 _否定句 _對(duì)劃線部分提問_3. Lily li

40、kes apples .變一般疑問句_肯定回答 _否定回答 _否定句 _對(duì)劃線部分提問_4. His father likes pears.變一般疑問句_肯定回答 _否定回答 _否定句 _對(duì)劃線部分提問_句型轉(zhuǎn)換專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練1. Her phone number is 2345167.(提問) _ _ phone number?2. I am Jim Green.(同義句) _ _ _ Jim Green.3. This is an ID card. (提問) _ _ in English?4. This is Jims card. (同義句) _ _ is Jims.5. Her family

41、name is Green. (同義句) Her _ _ is Green.6. They are Lucy and Lily. (同義句) _ _ _ Lucy and Lily.7. My last name is Green and first name is Jim. (同義句) _.8. Hes in Class One. (提問) _ _ _ he in?9. This is a nice flower. (同義句) _ _ _ nice .10. Thats my pencil case.(變否定句) _ _ my pencil case.11. Is this your dic

42、tionary? (變復(fù)數(shù)句) _ _ your _?12. Are you a teacher? (做肯定回答) _ , _ _.13. Five and two is seven. (提問) _ _ five and two ?14. The pencil is blue. (提問) _ _ _ the pencil ?15. Lily is my friend and Lucy is my friend , too. (同義句) Lucy and Lily _ _ _.16. This is a girl. (變復(fù)數(shù)句) _ _ _ girls.17. These are my frie

43、nds. (變否定句) _ _ my friends.18. Mrs Green is Kates mother. (同義句) Kate is  _ _ _ .19. Those are Toms photos. (變單數(shù)句) _ _ Toms photo.20. Thank you for your photos. (同義句) _ _ your photos.21. Those are Kates pens. (同義句) _ _ _ Kates .22. Shes my aunts daughter. (變復(fù)數(shù)句) _ my aunts _ .23. That womans Jims aunt. (提問) _ _ that woman ?24. a , is , family , this , of , photo , Davids(連詞成句)_25. My books are in the bag. (變一般疑問句) _ _books in the bag ?26. His baseball is under the chair. (變復(fù)數(shù)句) _ _ _ under the chair .2