名詞和主謂一致

1、1 1、名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)、名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù); ;2 2、可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換；、可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換；3 3、名詞作定語；、名詞作定語；4 4、名詞的搭配、名詞的搭配; ;5 5、詞語辨析；、詞語辨析；高考考點(diǎn)分析- How many does a cow have?- Four. AstomachesBstomach CstomachsDstomachies 以以 s, sh, ch, x等結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)加等結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)加 es；但如果以但如果以 ch 結(jié)尾的名詞發(fā)音為結(jié)尾的名詞發(fā)音為 k時(shí)，只加時(shí)，只加 s。另外，以輔音字母另外，以輔音字母 +y 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，需將結(jié)尾的名

2、詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，需將 y 變成變成 i，再加，再加 -es；以元音字母；以元音字母 +y 結(jié)尾的則直接結(jié)尾的則直接加加 -s。以輔音字母加。以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的專有名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，結(jié)尾的專有名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，也直接加也直接加 -s。 The _ of the building are covered with lots of _. Aroofs; leavesBrooves; leafs Croof; leafDroofs; leafs以以 f 或或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)：結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)： a. 加加 s，如：，如：serf - serfs belief-beliefs roof-roofs

3、 chief - chiefs safe-safes gulf-gulfs；b. 去去 f, fe 加加 ves，如：，如：half-halvesknife-knives leaf-leaveswolf-wolves wife-wives life-livesthief-thieves；c. 均可均可, 如：如：handkerchief - handkerchiefs / handkerchieves When the farmer returned home he found three _ missing. Asheeps Bsheepes Csheep Dsheepies 當(dāng)當(dāng)sheep

4、; deer; fish表示數(shù)量時(shí)，單復(fù)數(shù)同形；表示數(shù)量時(shí)，單復(fù)數(shù)同形；如果表示不同種類，則需加如果表示不同種類，則需加 s 或或 es。 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞有：單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞有：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese, Swiss works, means, head Some _ visited our school last Wednesday. AGermanBGermen CGermansDGermens國家人的名詞需要記住三種情況：國家人的名詞需要記住三種情況：1、單復(fù)數(shù)同形：、單復(fù)數(shù)同形：Chinese; Japanese; Swiss2、需要變形：、需

5、要變形：English - Englishman3、加、加 s 或或 -es：German Germans詳見下表。詳見下表。 1.6 不同國家的人的單復(fù)數(shù)不同國家的人的單復(fù)數(shù) 名稱 總稱(謂語用復(fù)數(shù)）一個人 兩個人中國人the Chinesea Chinese two Chinese瑞士人the Swissa Swiss two Swiss澳大利亞人the Australiansan Australian two Australians 俄國人the Russians a Russiantwo Russians意大利人the Italians an Italian two Italians希

6、臘人the Greek a Greektwo Greeks法國人the Frencha Frenchmantwo Frenchmen日本人the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese美國人the Americans an Americantwo Americans印度人the Indians an Indian two Indians加拿大人the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians德國人the Germansa Germanstwo Germans英國人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen瑞

7、典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes _ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas. (1993 上海上海) A. The EvensB. The Evens C. The EvensesD. The Evenses專有名詞的復(fù)數(shù)與定冠詞連用，常用來表示專有名詞的復(fù)數(shù)與定冠詞連用，常用來表示“一一家人家人”或一家之中的兩個或幾個重要的人。如：或一家之中的兩個或幾個重要的人。如：- Who did you spend last weekend with?- _. (98上海上海) A Pal

8、mersB The Palmers C The PalmersD The Palmers Mr Smith has two _, both of whom are teachers in a school. Abrothers-in-lawBbrother-in-laws Cbrothers-in-laws Dbrothers-in law以連字符號連接的合成名詞一般將中心名詞變成以連字符號連接的合成名詞一般將中心名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)，如：復(fù)數(shù)，如：managers-in-chief; fathers-in-law。如。如果沒有中心名詞就在該合成詞的最后加果沒有中心名詞就在該合成詞的最后加 s。如：。

9、如：grown-ups。 He gained his _ by printing _ of famous writers. (NMET95) A. wealth; work B. wealths; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞被稱為不可數(shù)名詞。本題中抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞被稱為不可數(shù)名詞。本題中 wealth 為不可數(shù)名詞，為不可數(shù)名詞，works 作作“作品作品”解，屬解，屬單復(fù)數(shù)同形的可數(shù)名詞。單復(fù)數(shù)同形的可數(shù)名詞。 Can you give us some _ about the writer? Ainformations

10、Binformation Cpiece of informations Dpieces information大多數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞都不可能轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞，常大多數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞都不可能轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞，常見的有：見的有：information; news; advice; progress; fun 如：如：This is not a match. Were playing chess for _.A habit B hobby C fun D game (2001上海春季上海春季) Many people agree that _of English is a must in internationa

11、l trade today. (NMET96) A. a knowledge B. knowledges C. knowledge D. the knowledge 有些抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞也可轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞，有些抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞也可轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞，用來表示某種特定的意義。用來表示某種特定的意義。a knowledge of 表示表示“對對有所了解有所了解“。又如：。又如：This meeting is a great success.請看下面的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的轉(zhuǎn)化：請看下面的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的轉(zhuǎn)化： a. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為個體名詞時(shí)。當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為個體名詞時(shí)。 Cake is a kin

12、d of food.蛋糕是一種食物。蛋糕是一種食物。 (U) These cakes are sweet.這些蛋糕很好吃。這些蛋糕很好吃。 (C)b. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示該物質(zhì)的種類時(shí)，名詞可數(shù)。當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示該物質(zhì)的種類時(shí)，名詞可數(shù)。This factory produces steel.(U)We need various steels.(C)c. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示份數(shù)時(shí)，可數(shù)。當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示份數(shù)時(shí)，可數(shù)。Our country is famous for tea. Two teas, please. 請來兩杯茶。請來兩杯茶。 d. 抽象名詞有時(shí)也可數(shù)。抽象名詞有時(shí)也可數(shù)。four freedo

13、ms 四大自由四大自由 the four modernizations 四個現(xiàn)代化四個現(xiàn)代化 many interests 許多興趣許多興趣 The _ is just around the corner and you wont miss it. (01北京春季北京春季) A. bicycles shop B. bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D. bicycles shop名詞作定語一般用單數(shù)，但也有以下例外。名詞作定語一般用單數(shù)，但也有以下例外。1) 用復(fù)數(shù)作定語。用復(fù)數(shù)作定語。 如：如：sports meeting 運(yùn)動會運(yùn)動會 students readi

14、ng-room 學(xué)生閱覽室學(xué)生閱覽室 talks table 談判桌談判桌 the foreign languages department 外語系外語系 2) 有些原有有些原有s結(jié)尾的名詞，作定語時(shí)，結(jié)尾的名詞，作定語時(shí)，s保留。保留。 如：如：goods train (貨車貨車) arms produce武器生產(chǎn)武器生產(chǎn) customs papers 海關(guān)文件海關(guān)文件 clothes brush衣刷衣刷 It took us quite a long time to get here. It was _ journey. （05北京春季）北京春季） A. three-hour B. a t

15、hree hour C. a three-hour D. three hours “數(shù)詞數(shù)詞+名詞名詞”構(gòu)成的合成詞作定語時(shí)，這個名詞一般保留構(gòu)成的合成詞作定語時(shí)，這個名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式。單數(shù)形式。 如：如： a ten-mile walk； a five-year plan但是如果不用連字符，就需用復(fù)數(shù)的所有格。但是如果不用連字符，就需用復(fù)數(shù)的所有格。 The village is far away from here indeed. Its _ walk. （04上海春季）上海春季） A. a four hour B. a four hours C. a four-hours D. a

16、four hours There are only twelve _ in the hospital. Awoman doctors Bwomen doctors Cwomen doctor Dwoman doctor man, woman, gentleman等作定語時(shí)，其單復(fù)等作定語時(shí)，其單復(fù)數(shù)以所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。數(shù)以所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。 如：如：a man worker men workers a woman teacher women teachers a gentleman official gentlemen officials Weve missed the las

17、t bus. Im afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi. (N 19993) A. way B. choice C. possibilityD. selection 可以將可以將“ have no choice but to do ”視為一視為一個結(jié)構(gòu)，現(xiàn)在考查這類搭配的題有很多，如：個結(jié)構(gòu)，現(xiàn)在考查這類搭配的題有很多，如： I am sure David will be able to find the library he has a pretty good _ of direction.（05浙江卷）浙江卷）Aidea Bfeeling Cexp

18、erience Dsense類似的題還有：類似的題還有： 1. Heres my card. Lets keep in _. (N 1994) (A) A. touchB. relationC. connectionD. friendship2. You can take as many as you like because they are free of _. (1998 上海上海) (B) A. fareB. chargeC. moneyD. pay3. The manager has got a good business _ so the company is doing well

19、. （03北京春季）（北京春季）（B） AideaBsenseCthoughtDThinking4. I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the childrens _. （04天津）天津）(A) A reachB handC holdD place A rough estimate, Nigeria is_ Great Britain. （05上海卷）上海卷） A. three times the size as B. the size three times of C. three times as the size of D. three

20、times the size of 注意名詞用來表示比較的特殊用法。它的結(jié)構(gòu)為注意名詞用來表示比較的特殊用法。它的結(jié)構(gòu)為“倍數(shù)倍數(shù)+the +名詞名詞+ of + 對象對象”。常用在該結(jié)構(gòu)。常用在該結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞為：中的名詞為：the size of; the weight of; the length of . Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_. （05天津卷）天津卷） (C) A. ability B. force C. strength D. mind 高考試卷中考查名詞詞義辨析的題目越來越高考試卷中考查名

21、詞詞義辨析的題目越來越多了，這就要求我們在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)過程中注意同多了，這就要求我們在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)過程中注意同類詞的比較和辨析，同時(shí)盡可能從閱讀過程中汲類詞的比較和辨析，同時(shí)盡可能從閱讀過程中汲取更多的知識。本題的意思是取更多的知識。本題的意思是參加體育鍛煉的目參加體育鍛煉的目的是增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)和力氣。的是增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)和力氣。 1 1、用、用and連接兩個并列成分；連接兩個并列成分；2 2、介詞、介詞with 伴隨伴隨主語；主語；3 3、就近原則；、就近原則；4 4、各種代詞的主謂一致、各種代詞的主謂一致; ;5 5、短語和從句作主語；、短語和從句作主語；6 6、定語從句中的主謂一致。、定語從句中的主謂一致

22、。高考考點(diǎn)分析When and where to build the new factory _ yet. （1991 NMET） A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 這個句子看上去是這個句子看上去是and連接的兩個并列短語充當(dāng)主連接的兩個并列短語充當(dāng)主語，本應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語，但這兩個短語表達(dá)語，本應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語，但這兩個短語表達(dá)的是同一事件的兩個方面，可以看成是一個整體，的是同一事件的兩個方面，可以看成是一個整體，因此使用單數(shù)的謂語動詞；而從句意可判斷此句因此使用單數(shù)的謂

23、語動詞；而從句意可判斷此句謂語動詞需使用被動語態(tài)，謂語動詞需使用被動語態(tài)， 歸納一：歸納一：1兩個或兩個以上做主語的單數(shù)名詞用兩個或兩個以上做主語的單數(shù)名詞用and連連接，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)接，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)Tom and Dick are good friends.但若表示一個集合體時(shí)則用單數(shù)。但若表示一個集合體時(shí)則用單數(shù)。A singer and dancer was present at the party.The worker and writer is talking to the students。Bread and butter tastes good.類似的表達(dá)式有：類似的表達(dá)式有：( a

24、 needle and thread, a horse and cart, a watch and chain, a coat and tie, truth and honesty, medical help and cure)2用用 and 連接的兩個名詞若被連接的兩個名詞若被 no, each, every, many a 修飾，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)。修飾，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)。No bird and no beast is seen in the bare island.Many a boy and many a girl has made such a funny experiment.At

25、Christmas each boy and each girl is given a present.3. 如果如果 and 后面加后面加 no 或或 not, 謂語也用單數(shù)形式，謂語也用單數(shù)形式，My friend, and not hers, is chosen to join the army.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift . （1990NMET） A. is offered B. has offered C

26、. are offered D. have offered主語后有主語后有as well as, like, with, together with, but, except, besides,等，謂語應(yīng)于前面主語保持一致等，謂語應(yīng)于前面主語保持一致A professor, together with some students, was sent to help in the work.No one but the teachers is allowed to use the room. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having

27、one examination after another. (1989 ) A. is B. are C. am D. be 以連詞以連詞or, eitheror , neither nor, there be, not onlybut also 連接的復(fù)合主語，其謂語與其相連接的復(fù)合主語，其謂語與其相鄰的那個名詞的數(shù)保持一致。鄰的那個名詞的數(shù)保持一致。Eg. You or I am to be invited. Nobody but Jane _the secret. (1986) A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known either, nei

28、ther, each, every 或或no + 單數(shù)名詞和單數(shù)名詞和由由some, any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞都作構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞都作單數(shù)看待。單數(shù)看待。Each of us has a new pen .Everything around us is matter. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons . (1996 NMET) A. were, was B. was , was C. was, were D. were;

29、were. a number of 表示表示“很多很多”的意思，修飾可的意思，修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。The number of表示表示“數(shù)量，號碼數(shù)量，號碼”作主語，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。作主語，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 _ of the southern hemisphere (南半球南半球) _ with water. A. Four-five; is covered B. Four-fifths; is covered C. Four-fifth, are covered D. Four-fifths, are covered.由由“a lot of , (lots of, p

30、lenty of, the rest of ) +名詞名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由構(gòu)成的短語以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)名詞分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)名詞”構(gòu)成構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí)，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中的短語作主語時(shí)，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。后面名詞的數(shù)而定。Three-fourths of the surface is sea . All but one_here just now . (1997 NMET) A. is B .was C. have been D. were what, who, which, any, more, most, all 等代詞等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)，主要依

31、意思而定?？梢允菃螖?shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)，主要依意思而定。 Which is your pen ? 哪是你的筆？哪是你的筆？ Which are your pens?哪些是你們的筆？哪些是你們的筆？B) All can be done has been done . All have gone to the park . He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years. (02上海春上海春) A. is B. are C. have been D. has been who, which,

32、 that 作定語從句的主語時(shí)，其謂語取決作定語從句的主語時(shí)，其謂語取決于先行詞。于先行詞。 Those who want to go should sign your names here. He is one of the students who have passed the exam. He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam. Mathematics _ the language of science. (1978 ) A. is B. are going to be C. are 以以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名

33、詞，如結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞，如“mathematics, politics, physics 以及以及news, 等，形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，實(shí)際為單數(shù)，等，形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，實(shí)際為單數(shù)，它們作主語時(shí)，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。它們作主語時(shí)，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。 另外：復(fù)數(shù)名詞用作書，電影、戲劇、報(bào)刊、國家等另外：復(fù)數(shù)名詞用作書，電影、戲劇、報(bào)刊、國家等名稱時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。名稱時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 His “selected Poems”_ first published in 1965. (78) A. were B. was C. has been His family _ all football f

34、ans. A. is B. has been C. are being D. are一些集體名詞做主語，如果看作一個整體，謂語一些集體名詞做主語，如果看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果指其中的成員，謂語用復(fù)動詞用單數(shù)；如果指其中的成員，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)但數(shù)但people, police, cattle等只能用復(fù)數(shù)等只能用復(fù)數(shù)My family is a big family.My family are listening to the radio.The police are trying to catch the thief. The rich _ not always happy. A. is

35、B. has C. have D. are 形容詞加定冠詞形容詞加定冠詞 the 表示一類人時(shí)，謂語動表示一類人時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 What a life the poor were living! The young are happy to give their seats to the old. 1. Growing vegetables _ constant watering. A. need B. are needed C. is needed D. needs2. What I say and think _ no business of yours. A. is B.

36、 are C. were D. both A and B 當(dāng)動名詞短語、不定式短語和從句作主語時(shí)，當(dāng)動名詞短語、不定式短語和從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如果用謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如果用 and 連接兩個從句或短連接兩個從句或短語作主語，則需看是表示一個整體還是不同的兩語作主語，則需看是表示一個整體還是不同的兩件事。題（件事。題（2）中的）中的 “What I say and think” 既既可理解為同一件事也可理解為不同的兩個動作?？衫斫鉃橥患乱部衫斫鉃椴煌膬蓚€動作。（注意：從句作主語時(shí)有時(shí)需根據(jù)表語來定。）（注意：從句作主語時(shí)有時(shí)需根據(jù)表語來定。）主謂一致主謂一致 1）主語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或

37、代詞主語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞 The teachers are respected in the world.2) 當(dāng)當(dāng)people , police, cattle 等集體名詞作主語，形式上等集體名詞作主語，形式上 為單數(shù)而意義卻是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)為單數(shù)而意義卻是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù) The police are looking for the missing child. The cattle are kept in his farm.3）山脈、群島、瀑布、運(yùn)動會等山脈、群島、瀑布、運(yùn)動會等s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語。 The Olympic Games are held onc

38、e every four years. The Rocky mountains stand in the west of the north America4）the+adj. 表示一類人表示一類人 或物做主語時(shí)或物做主語時(shí) 如如 the+blind,deaf, living,dead,wounded,poor,richold, young等The dead are soon forgotten.The rich are not always happy.Generally speaking the young are eager for success.5) the+姓的復(fù)數(shù)形式表一家人姓的

39、復(fù)數(shù)形式表一家人 The Whites are going to make a trip to London.The Greens were watching TV when a fire broke out. 1）可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)及不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)?？蓴?shù)名詞的單數(shù)及不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)。2）表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢、長度、重量等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢、長度、重量等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，表達(dá)一個整體概念時(shí)。主語，表達(dá)一個整體概念時(shí)。 Twenty years is only a short time in human history.3)主語從句、動詞不定式、動名詞主語從句、動詞不定式、動名詞 形

40、式作主語時(shí)，形式作主語時(shí)， 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 Looking after the children is my full time job.To die for the people is a worthy death.When and where to hold the meeting is unknown.Whatever was left was taken away.4) 以以-S 結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞，形式為復(fù)數(shù)而意義為單數(shù)結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞，形式為復(fù)數(shù)而意義為單數(shù)如表示學(xué)科、國家、機(jī)構(gòu)、書籍、報(bào)刊等名稱作主語如表示學(xué)科、國家、機(jī)構(gòu)、書籍、報(bào)刊等名稱作主語,(news, phy

41、sics, maths，politics)謂語用單數(shù)。謂語用單數(shù)。The United states is made up of 50 states.The Times is a newspaper for the British governmentGreat Expectations was written by Charles Dickens in 1860. 5) clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等無生命的集合名詞作主語。等無生命的集合名詞作主語。 Clothing is badl

42、y needed in this flooded area. each neither either+of + the+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞Each of us has a dictionary.Either of the books on the table belongs to me.Neither of them is fit for the job.7) many a / each / every either / neither more than one+單數(shù)名詞Many a student has seen the film.Neither story is true. 當(dāng)each放在

43、主語后作同位語時(shí)，不決定謂語單復(fù)數(shù)They each have a dictionary.=Each of them has a dictionary.More than one More than one studentstudent hashas seen the film. seen the film.More More studentsstudents than one than one havehave seen the film. seen the film.8) every each no many a +名詞單數(shù)and+everyeachno many a+名詞單數(shù) 作主語時(shí)

44、謂語用單數(shù)Every desk and every chair is made of wood. Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.9）由由some, any, no, every + one/thing/body some, any, no, every + one/thing/body 所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞做主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞做主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)Nobody wants to go there.Something has been done to end the strike.10）man(人類人類) 和和the wor

45、ld(世人世人)作主語時(shí)作主語時(shí) Man has created many useful things. The world knows that the earth is round.1）用用andand或或bothbothandand連接的兩個名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞連接的兩個名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形式。但是如果形式。但是如果andand連接的兩個名詞作主語，連接的兩個名詞作主語，指同一個指同一個人或事或人或事或整體概念整體概念，謂語動詞用，謂語動詞用單數(shù)單數(shù)（如果是可數(shù)名（如果是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)這時(shí)詞的單數(shù)這時(shí)andand后面的名詞一般沒有冠詞）。后面的名詞一般沒有冠詞）。用用i

46、s/are填空填空 English and Chinese quite different languages. Water and air both important. A young man and a girl to go there. The singer and the writer famous to many young people.areareareareThe manager and secretary as busy as a bee all dayThe singer and writer famous to everyone. War and peace （戰(zhàn)爭與和

47、平）（戰(zhàn)爭與和平） a constant theme in history.A knife and fork（ 刀叉）刀叉） needed for a western meal.Bread and butter(黃油面包黃油面包) served for breakfast.Early to bed and early to rise （早睡早起）（早睡早起） a good habit.isisisisisisiron and steel 鋼鐵鋼鐵law and order 治安治安a watch and chain 一塊帶鏈的表一塊帶鏈的表 A needle and thread(針線針線)a

48、 coat and tie配有領(lǐng)帶的上衣配有領(lǐng)帶的上衣2）單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時(shí)，按意義一致的原則。單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時(shí)，按意義一致的原則。作單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，反之謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。作單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，反之謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有：這類名詞有：sheep, fish, deer, means(sheep, fish, deer, means(方法方法), ), species(species(種類種類),works(),works(工廠工廠), Chinese, Japanese), Chinese, Japanese等。等。選擇填空選擇填空 has/haveEv

49、ery means been tried out without much result.All means been tried out without much result.hashave was/wereThis shoe works set up in 1980. Those shoe works all set up in 1980. waswere3) 3) 表示成雙成套的名詞，如：表示成雙成套的名詞，如：chopsticks (chopsticks (筷子筷子), ), compasses, clothes, glasses, jeans, scissors, compasse

50、s, clothes, glasses, jeans, scissors, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves, shortsshoes, socks, trousers, gloves, shorts等，作主語時(shí)，等，作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但如與謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但如與a kind of, a pair of,a kind of, a pair of, the pair of, a series of the pair of, a series of 連用，作主語時(shí)，連用，作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如： This kin

51、d of books is useful. = Books of this kind are useful. 4) 某些集體名詞（如某些集體名詞（如 family, team family, team 等）作主語時(shí)，等）作主語時(shí)， 如果作如果作為一個整體看待，謂語用為一個整體看待，謂語用單數(shù)形式單數(shù)形式；如果就其中一個個成員而；如果就其中一個個成員而言，謂語動詞用言，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)。類似動詞還有：。類似動詞還有： class, club, company, crowd, enemy, government, class, club, company, crowd, enemy, gover

52、nment, group, party, public, team group, party, public, team等。等。1)His family _(be) a big family2)His family _(be) listening to music when he came back 3)The population in China_(be) very large, and eighty of the population in China _(be) farmers.iswereisare5) 就近原則就近原則下列連詞連接兩個主語時(shí)，及下列連詞連接兩個主語時(shí)，及there

53、be句型有多個并列主語，句型有多個并列主語，謂語應(yīng)與最靠近的主語保持一致。謂語應(yīng)與最靠近的主語保持一致。 A or B either A or B neither A nor B not only A but also B there be A, B and C not A but B動詞與靠近的主語一致1）Either the girl or the boy _ in Canada.( is /are )is2）Neither he nor I _ the answer.(knows /know)know3）Not only I but also Jane and Mary _tired o

54、f having one examination after another. are5）You or he _ to blame你或他有一人要受責(zé)備。你或他有一人要受責(zé)備。 _ you or he to blame? 受責(zé)備的是你還是他？受責(zé)備的是你還是他？ Ais，Is Bare，Are Cis，Are D are，Is6)_either he or you right?(be)(注意就近原則在疑問中的使用注意就近原則在疑問中的使用)Is4) You ,he or I right.am 7)Either you or the headmaster _ the prize to those

55、gifted students at the meeting. (NMET 1994 ) A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out D6)就前原則就前原則, ,當(dāng)主語后面跟有當(dāng)主語后面跟有as well as, as much as,no less than, along with,as well as, as much as,no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, with, like,

56、 rather than, together with, but, except, besides,including, in addition to except, besides,including, in addition to等詞組時(shí)，其謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)按主語的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。等詞組時(shí)，其謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)按主語的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。2）Nobody but John and Helen absent. I, rather than you， responsible for the accident.wasam1)The teacher , with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. (NMET2004 北京卷北京卷) A. was B . were C. had been D. would be A 7) None of + n（復(fù)數(shù)）作主語，謂語用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可（復(fù)數(shù)）作主語，謂語用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可 None of + n（單數(shù)）作主語，謂語用單數(shù)（單數(shù)）作主語，謂語用單數(shù)None of the cars was / were damaged. 這些車都沒有受損