八年級英語unit6Howlonghaveyoubeencollectingshells課件人教版

1、信：人言可畏信：人言可畏誓言：有口無心誓言：有口無心警示語：當你失去的時警示語：當你失去的時候才想擁有候才想擁有He laughs best who laughs last! Unit 6How long have you been collecting shells? New words1. collect v. 2. collection n. 3. collector n. 4. skate v. /n. 5. skater n. 6. go skating 7. run out of look out of out of styleEurope EuropeanChina Chines

2、eRussia RussianJapan JapaneseJew Jewishshell / el/貝殼貝殼marathon 馬拉松馬拉松skater /skeit /溜冰者溜冰者skate/skeit/溜冰溜冰,溜冰鞋溜冰鞋Read by yourselves loudly . 放開聲音自己讀放開聲音自己讀.自自 學學 (1)/mr n/ 勇敢的你勇敢的你 不會不會 就問就問 Collect shellsCollect coinsCollect stamps Collect kitesCollect toy animalsSnow globeskitesflying a kite stamp

3、 teapot stone flash card doll picture bookMany people like to collect. They often collect Many people like to collect. They often collect paper money traffic card coin watch / clock newspaper ticket picture post card credit card drawing?was born?started teaching Englishhave been teaching? yearsI sta

4、rted teaching English in 2001.I have been teaching English 2013teachMy teaching lifefor 12 years.since 12 years ago.since 2001.since I was 23 years old.1978200112was bornstarted learning Englishhave been learning1.5 yearsI started learning English in.I have been learning English 2013studyTask1Task1S

5、peakingSpeakingsinceforYour lifexxx20115How long have you been learning English ?Yao Mings sports life1980was born1989started playing basketballhas been playing24 yearsHe started playing basketball in 1989.He has been playing basketball since 1989.He has been playing basketball for 24 years.2013play

6、sHe has been playing basketball since 24 years ago.He has been playing basketball since he was 10 years old. A:How long has she been palying football ?B:She has been playing football for 30 minutes. /since 30 minutes ago. playing football 30 minutessleeping40 minutes playing computer 4 hourswatching

7、 TV3 hours skating 2 hourscooking 1 hourTask2Task2現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別 I1.現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時: have + 過去分詞過去分詞表示在某一特定表示在某一特定時間之前曾經發(fā)時間之前曾經發(fā)生過的動作生過的動作, ,或或者到這一時間為者到這一時間為止已經完成的動止已經完成的動作作. .2.現(xiàn)在完成進時現(xiàn)在完成進時:have + been +現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 (1)(1)表示從過去某一時間開表示從過去某一時間開始一直在進行的動作始一直在進行的動作, , 并并有可能持續(xù)下去有可能持續(xù)下去, , 強調動強調動

8、作的全過程；作的全過程； 表示從過去到現(xiàn)在的重表示從過去到現(xiàn)在的重復性動作。復性動作。 (2)(2)注意注意: :多用于延續(xù)性動多用于延續(xù)性動詞，如詞，如work, live, study, skate, collect 概念概念: 動作從動作從過去某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在過去某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 并且有可能持續(xù)下去并且有可能持續(xù)下去構成構成: have / has been + doing sth +常用詞常用詞 : for +一段時間一段時間 ;since+ e.g. How long have you been swimming? I have been swimming fo

9、r 3 years./ since 3 years ago. How long has she been skating? She has been skating since nine oclock.現(xiàn)在完成進行時現(xiàn)在完成進行時從句從句 (一般過去時一般過去時)一段時間一段時間+ ago過去的時間點過去的時間點時間狀語時間狀語: 1. for +一段時間一段時間 2. since +過去的時間點過去的時間點 3. since +一般過去時的句子一般過去時的句子 表示動作從過去某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或離表示動作從過去某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或離現(xiàn)在不遠的時間。其動作是否繼續(xù)下去，由上下文

10、而定。現(xiàn)在不遠的時間。其動作是否繼續(xù)下去，由上下文而定。這個時態(tài)多用于延續(xù)性動詞。這個時態(tài)多用于延續(xù)性動詞?，F(xiàn)在完成進行時現(xiàn)在完成進行時構成：構成： have / has been + V.ing +How long have you been doing? Ive been doingfor+一段時間一段時間since+一個時間點一個時間點 + 一段時間一段時間+ago+ago + 從句從句注意點三：注意點三：have been in, have been to 與與have gone to 的用法的用法1、have (has) been in 表示表示“在某地（多長時間）在某地（多長時間）

11、”，現(xiàn)在仍在那里。常與表，現(xiàn)在仍在那里。常與表示一段時間的狀語連用。例如：示一段時間的狀語連用。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗來上海已經有三天了。布朗來上海已經有三天了。They have been in Canada for five years. 他們到加拿大有五年了。他們到加拿大有五年了。2、have( has)been to表示表示“曾經去過某地曾經去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經不在那里了?？膳c，現(xiàn)在已經不在那里了。可與just, ever, never等連用，例如：等連用，例如：I have just been to t

12、he post office. 我剛才去郵局了。我剛才去郵局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過長城。瑪麗從未去過長城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou before? 你以前曾經去過杭州嗎？你以前曾經去過杭州嗎？Have (has) been to 后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。例如：后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。例如：They have been to that village several times. 他們去過那個村莊好幾次了。他們去過那個村莊好幾次了。3、have (has) gone to

13、意為意為“到某地去了到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊f話時該人不在現(xiàn)場，例如：中?？傊f話時該人不在現(xiàn)場，例如：-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 他到書店去了。他到書店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克杰克.約翰遜到倫敦去了。約翰遜到倫敦去了。動詞的過去分詞的規(guī)則變化，在動詞后加ed，規(guī)則變化有以下四種：原形+ed 如：worked, passed 詞尾是e時，直接加d 如：liked lived若詞尾為“輔音字母加y”，則改y為i加ed。詞尾

14、為“元音字母+y”時，直接加d；如: played stayed studied cried 末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)是，雙寫最后一個輔音字母加ed. 如： stopped dropped 動詞的過去分詞的規(guī)則變化初中英語不規(guī)則動詞巧記法 英語動詞按其過去式和過去分詞的構成方式可分為英語動詞按其過去式和過去分詞的構成方式可分為規(guī)則動詞和不規(guī)則動詞。規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分規(guī)則動詞和不規(guī)則動詞。規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞由詞尾加詞由詞尾加-ed-ed構成，而不規(guī)則動詞的變化因詞而異。構成，而不規(guī)則動詞的變化因詞而異。但如對不規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞做一分析，就但如對不規(guī)則動詞的過去式和

15、過去分詞做一分析，就可發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的可發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的“規(guī)則規(guī)則”。為方便同學們記憶，現(xiàn)將初。為方便同學們記憶，現(xiàn)將初中英語中英語( (新目標新目標go for it)go for it)中常見的不規(guī)則動詞的原形、過中常見的不規(guī)則動詞的原形、過去式和過去分詞列出并規(guī)為五種類型。同學們還可將去式和過去分詞列出并規(guī)為五種類型。同學們還可將第四、五類分為若干組，以便準確記憶。第四、五類分為若干組，以便準確記憶。一、一、AAA型（動詞原形、過去式、過去分詞同形）型（動詞原形、過去式、過去分詞同形）cost（花費）（花費） cost cost cut（割）（割） cut cuthit（打）（打） hit hit

16、hurt (傷害）傷害） hurt hurtlet（讓）（讓） let let put（放）（放） put putset（設置）（設置） set set read（讀）（讀） readred/ read red/ 二、二、 AAB型（動詞原形與過去式同形）型（動詞原形與過去式同形）beat（跳動）（跳動） beat beaten三、三、 ABA型（動詞原形與過去分詞同形）型（動詞原形與過去分詞同形）become（變成）（變成） became become come（來）（來） came come四四、 ABB型（過去式與過去分詞同形）型（過去式與過去分詞同形） get（得到）（得到） got

17、gothold（抓住）（抓?。?held held sit（坐）（坐） sat sat win （贏）（贏） won wonmeet（遇見）（遇見） met met keep （保持）（保持） kept keptsleep（睡）（睡） slept slept五、五、 ABC型（動詞原形、過去式與過去分詞三者不同形）型（動詞原形、過去式與過去分詞三者不同形）give（給）（給） gave given rise（升高）（升高） rose risentake（取）（?。?took taken mistake（弄錯）（弄錯） mistook mistakenride（騎）（騎） rode ridden

18、 write（寫）（寫） wrote writtendo（做）（做） did done go（去）（去） went gonesee（看見）（看見） saw seenspeak（說，講（說，講) spoke spokenbe ( am, is, are )（是）（是） was, were been 非延續(xù)性動詞不能與時間段連用：非延續(xù)性動詞不能與時間段連用：go/come/begin/start/die/buy/borrow/sell/leave/arrive/receive/become等詞語是瞬間動詞表示的動作是一時的，等詞語是瞬間動詞表示的動作是一時的，不能延續(xù)，不能與不能延續(xù)，不能與fo

19、r、since等表示一段時間的詞連用，等表示一段時間的詞連用，也不能用于也不能用于how long引導的疑問句中。引導的疑問句中。如不能說：如不能說：He has borrowed the book for two months.()但可以說：但可以說：He has kept the book for 2 months.或：或：It has been 2 months since he borrowed the book. 或：或：Two months has passed since he borrowed the book. 這些瞬間動詞常與它對應的可以表示時間段的詞語進行互換。這些瞬間動

20、詞常與它對應的可以表示時間段的詞語進行互換。becomebe borrowkeep buyhave begin (start)be on openbe open diebe dead leave-be away come-be here/in go outbe outjoin-be a member/be in begin to study-study注明：非延續(xù)性動詞在否定結構中可用于現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)：注明：非延續(xù)性動詞在否定結構中可用于現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)：I havent bought anything for two days.Read the following message. Then dr

21、aw lines to match the snow globes with their descriptions.Dear Jack, Thanks for sending me the snow globe of the monster. I love it. In fact I think its probably my favorite. Ive been collecting snow globes for seven years, and now I have 226 of them. My mom says I have to stop, because weve run out

22、 of room to store them. Theyre all around our apartment. I even store them in boxes under my bed. The first one I ever got was a birthday cake snow globe on my seventh birthday. I particularly love globes with animals. I have a big one with bears in it, and another one with penguins. If you know any

23、one else who collects them, please tell me. Id like to start a snow globe collectors club. By the way, whats your hobby? Love, Ellensend sb sth = send sth to sb 送給某人某物送給某人某物monster n. 怪物；妖怪怪物；妖怪run out of 用完；用盡用完；用盡store v. 儲存儲存cake n. 蛋糕蛋糕particularly adv. 獨特地；顯著地，特別地獨特地；顯著地，特別地anyone pron. 任何人任何人s

24、tart v. 發(fā)起；開辦發(fā)起；開辦collector n. 收藏家收藏家by the way 順便；附帶說說順便；附帶說說Words and ExpressionsWords and Expressions Draw lines to match the snow globes with their descriptions.the snow globe of the monster the big globe with two bear in itthe globe with penguins the birthday cake snow globe have (has) gone和hav

25、e (has) been的區(qū)別1.have (has) gone表示“已經去某地了”She has gone to Shanghai .(她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，總之現(xiàn)在不在這里。)2.have (has) been表示“曾經去過某地”She has been to Shanghai three times.(她已經不在上海，只說明她曾經去過。)不規(guī)則動詞的過去式以及過去分詞巧記規(guī)律 AAA: put put put letlet let ABA: becomebecamebecome ABB: standstoodstood ABC: eat ateeatenAAA cost-c

26、ost-cost read-read-read put-put-put cut-cut-cut let-let-let set-set-set beat-beat-beat hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt spit-spit-spit rid-rid-rid 一、原形、過去式和過去分詞的詞形和讀音都相同的單詞，結尾字母一般是t或d。 特殊：動詞read的過去式和過去分詞雖然詞形與原形一致，read-read-read，但發(fā)音分別是ri:d-red-red。 有些動詞的過去分詞與原形是一樣的:run-ran-runcome-came-come become-became-b

27、ecomeovercome-overcame-overcomeABA原型原型過去式過去式過去分詞過去分詞例詞例詞-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-d-t-tlend,spend,send,build-ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean-ee-e-e-meet,feed-ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think-aught-aughtcatch,teachABB(含規(guī)則動詞含規(guī)則動詞)1.另有一些其它形式的變化。have (has)-had-had le

28、ave-left-leftlose-lost-lost make-made-madefeel-felt-felt spell-spelt-spelt stand-stood-stood2. 改變單詞中間元音字母。sit-sat-sat (babysit) win-won-wonshine-shone-shone hold-held-heldfind-found-found hear-heard-heardhang-hung (hanged)-hung (hanged)ABB(含規(guī)則動詞含規(guī)則動詞)ABC原型原型過去式過去式過去分過去分詞詞例詞例詞-eak-oke-okenbreak,speak

29、-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear,bear,tear-ow（aw）-ew-owngrow,blow,know,throw,draw-i-a-u-sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin-i-o-ndrive,rise,ride,writeABC有些動詞的過去分詞是在原形詞尾加n或en，變成以en結尾的單詞。 take-took-taken give-gave-givenfall-fell-fallen eat-ate-eatenwrite-wrote-written speak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-froz

30、en ride-rode-ridden get-got-gotten (got) forget-forgot-forgotten (forgot)特殊： am/is-was-been are-were-been,do (does)-did-done go-went-gonesee-saw-seen show-showed-shown (showed) lie-lay (lied)-lain (lied) 比較現(xiàn)在完成時和過去時的區(qū)別：比較現(xiàn)在完成時和過去時的區(qū)別：*現(xiàn)在完成時所表示的是過去的發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成時所表示的是過去的發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結果，強調的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以造成

31、的影響和結果，強調的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如：不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如：yesterday，last night, three weeks ago, in 1990。*一般過去時表示的是過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，和一般過去時表示的是過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，它可以和表示過去的時間狀語現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，它可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用。連用。I have seen the film.(我了解這部電影的內容。我了解這部電影的內容。)I saw the film last week.（只說明上星期看了這部（只說明上星期看了這部電影，不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況。）電影，不

32、涉及現(xiàn)在的情況。）總結現(xiàn)在完成時：總結現(xiàn)在完成時：1、構成：、構成：have / has +過去分詞過去分詞。2、概念：、概念：(1)表示過去或已經完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在表示過去或已經完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在 成的影響成的影響或結果。常與下列狀語連用或結果。常與下列狀語連用:already, just, yet, ever, never, before(2)表示過去已經發(fā)生，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，表示過去已經發(fā)生，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括可以和表示從過去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括“現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在在”在內）的一段時間的狀語連用。在內）的一段時間的狀語連用。 a.for和

33、表示一段時間的詞組連用。和表示一段時間的詞組連用。如：如：for 3 years b.since和表示過去某一時刻的詞或詞組連用和表示過去某一時刻的詞或詞組連用。如：如：since 1997, since two years ago,since last week 時態(tài)填空時態(tài)填空:1.How long _you_ (collect) stamps? For half a year.2.How long _he _(skate)? Since I _(be) ten years old.3.When _he _(start) learning to dance? In 2002.4.We_(r

34、un) on the playground since 6 oclock a.m.havehasbeen skatingwasdidstartbeen collectinghave been running選擇填空：1.( ) How long _you _ last year? A. have/slept B. have/been sleeping C. were/sleeping2.( ) When _he_ class today? A. did/start B.is/start C.has/been starting3.( ) How long _you_? I have been s

35、wimming for an hour. A. have/swum B. have/ been swimming C. did/swim4. ( ) I have been learning English since I_ seven years old. A. am B. was C. have been5.( ) Thank you for_ to me.A. write B. writing C. wrote AABBB7.Im interested _science now. A. on B. at C. in8.I have a good friend _France whose

36、name is Paul. A. of B. in C. for9. Can you tell me the differences _Chinese food _Western food? A. / and B./ or C between and10.Im glad to hear that Tom has_. A. arrived B. arrived in C. got11. Can you tell me _in todays newspaper? A. some interesting things B. any interesting thing C. something int

37、eresting CBCAC1.( )Ive been learning English _seven years _ . A. for, old B. since, old C. since, ago D. for, ago2.( ) When did you start skating? -_ . A. Since two years ago B. Since I was nine years old C. For six hours D. Five years ago CD( )3.Mr Smith _ at this school since he _ Xiamen . A. has

38、been teach, came B. has been teaching, came C. taught, came D. has been teaching, has come( )4. This pair of shoes _ very nice _ expensive . A. are, but B. is , but C. are , and D. is , and BBFill in the blank with for or since1.I have been practicing the piano _ 10:30.2.Maricia has been running _ 1

39、5 minutes.3.Sarah has been sleeping since_ 9:00.4Dale has been talking on the phone _5 minutes.5.Louie has been studying Chinese _ he was 6 years old.6.I have been watching you _10 minutes. sinceforsinceforsincefor一、用一、用for和和since填空填空 They have been learning Chinese _ they came to China.2. I havent

40、seen her _ a long time.3. He has been living here _ 2001.4. She has been doing her homework _ two hours.5. Its 5 years _ we left school.6. How long has Mary been a teacher? _ two years ago. sinceforsinceforsinceSince1.How long _you_ (collect) stamps Since half an hour ago. 2.How long _he _(skate)? S

41、ince he _(be) ten years old.3.When _he _(start) learning English. In 2002.4.We_ (run) on the playground since 6 oclock a.m. havehasbeen skatingwasdidstartbeen collectinghave been running二二 、時態(tài)填空、時態(tài)填空( (過去時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時過去時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時) )5. three and a half yeas數(shù)詞+and+a half+復數(shù)名詞 數(shù)詞+單數(shù)或復數(shù)名詞+a halfHe ate one and a half apples.(正)He ate one apple and a half (正)He ate one apple and a half apple. (誤)兩個半,三個半等類似說法,也都用這兩種結構,如: two and a half oranges two oranges and a half1.thanks for + n