英譯漢教程3_翻譯中措辭的選擇

1、Chapter 3 Diction Choice of affective meaning lThree types of affective meanings: positive neutral derogatory eg. portly-overweight-obese ambition-雄心雄心 （positive） -志向志向 （neutral ） -野心野心 （derogatory） Translate the following sentences: 1.He incited the soldiers to fight bravely.2.He was charged with i

2、nciting people to violence.3.He is a stubborn child who wont obey his mother.4.The defenders put up stubborn resistance.5.He storied about his age.6.The story of the hero was extremely moving.7.The real story was made public.Answers to the above sentences:1.他激勵 士兵勇敢作戰(zhàn)。2. 他被控煽動 人們暴動。3.他是個固執(zhí)的 孩子，不聽媽媽的

3、話。4.防御者頑強 抵抗。5. 他捏造了 年齡。6. 英雄的事跡 極為感人。 7.真相 大白。Choice of grammatical meaninglThe same word, when used as different parts of speech, has different meanings.eg He had no stomach to follow us.(想法) I cant stomach this job any longer.（忍受）eg. The lapped wafers are then polished to a mirror finish with gra

4、ded diamond polish. 把研磨好的薄片用各級金剛砂拋光劑拋光到鏡面光潔度。 Choice of contextual meaninglThe same word, when used in different contexts, has different meanings. 1.The book of the music was very poor. (歌詞)2.Show me the complaint book, please. （意見?。?.Thats all I remember, sir, on the Book.（圣經）4.He went to the villa

5、ge to pay tradesmens books.（賬本）5.He is always painstakingly at his books. （埋頭苦讀） Choice of collocative meaninglSome words have the same basic meaning, but differ in collocation. (搭配)leg. mother tongue (acceptable) mother language (unacceptable) a man of sense (acceptable) a man of meaning (unaccepta

6、ble)Translate the following phrasesl a heavy rain 大大雨 a heavy load 重重負 a heavy crop 豐豐收 a heavy buyer 大大主顧 a heavy play 嚴肅的嚴肅的戲 a heavy demand 苛苛求 heavy news 令人憂心的令人憂心的消息 heavy casualties 重大重大傷亡 a heavy thinker 思想深沉的思想深沉的人 The book is heavy reading. 這本書讀起來枯枯燥乏味燥乏味。Translate the following sentences.1

7、. On display was merchandise attractive in quality and price. 2. They captured fifty enemy soldiers and many weapons. 3. In order to get a large amount of waterpower, we need a large pressure and a large current. Answers to the above sentences: 1.展出的商品物美價廉2.他們俘獲了55名敵軍， 繳獲了大量武器。3.為了獲得大量的水力，我們需要高水壓，強水

8、流。Choice of stylistic meaninglStylistic synonyms with their translations Informal neutral formal (literary)broke poor poverty-strickenhard up penniless; indigent 窮光蛋 貧窮 一文不名 一個子兒 窮 身無分文 也沒有（口語化） （中性） （正式；文學性）Translate the following sentences in different styles when possible1.It is a true saying tha

9、t time and tide wait for no man.2.Im getting old for thinking of you.3.If winter comes, can spring be far behind?4.There is no help for it.5.Nothing is sadder than to part forever; nothing is happier than to contract a new acquaintance.Choice of ambiguous meaninglAmbiguity can be classified as lexic

10、al ambiguity(詞匯歧義) and structural ambiguity（結構歧義)lHow to disambiguate some problematic expressions? 1.context 2.stress and other phonological devicesTranslate the following and see how many ways they can be interpreted1.I did not sing at yesterdays concert as I wished.2.They painted the cars black a

11、nd white.3.There is nothing to be hoped for.4.The man turned out an imposter.5.Ship sails today .(a telegraph)6.He lives very near.7.No work will kill him.Choice of extended meaningthe concrete and specific (實；具體；特殊) the abstract and general （虛；抽象；一般）eg. The upper society had not lost its exclusiven

12、ess nor its brilliance. 虛譯：當時的上流社會仍然煥發(fā)著奇光異彩， 也沒有失去它的排外性。實譯：當時的上流社會仍然煥發(fā)著奇光異彩，而且壁壘森嚴，不容許下層人涉足。Choice of equivalent meaninglFalse friends (翻譯中的“假朋友”) Some English words or expressions look equivalent to their Chinese counterparts, but actually they are different. These are called “false friends” Dont t

13、ake too literally or mix up those words or expressions which look alike in the two languages but I fact are different in meaning Translate the following phrases or sentencesI dare sayWhat a shame!A good sailorTo move heaven and earthbus boySweet milkYou cant be two carefulI have no opinion of him.She has a weakness for pork.the long and short of itShe is a busybody.Choice of exact meaninglTo weigh the meaning before choosing a suitable word for translation （斟酌、權衡詞義）lDo not lap up a word or an expression without digesting it （勿囫圇吞棗）lDo