初高中銜接語法賓語從句講義

1、上 課 講 義班級名稱： 高一銜接班 上課時間： 任課教師： 課題 第六講：初高中語法銜接-賓語語從句知 識 重 難 點掌握賓語從句的基本句型和相關連詞要點解析賓語從句：賓語從句的三要素：引導詞、陳述句語序、時態(tài)注意！賓語從句小口訣：賓語從句三注意，時態(tài) 語序 引導詞；主句一般現(xiàn)在時，從句不需受限制；主句一般過去時，從句須用相應時；陳述句轉化that引，一般疑問句用if/whether,特殊問句疑問詞，引導詞后陳述式。(1)，賓語從句的類型1. 在句中擔當賓語的從句叫賓語從句，賓語從句可作謂語動詞的賓語，也可做介詞的賓語。eg, He said that he was good at draw

2、ing. (動詞賓語) He asks him how long Mike has been down . (動詞賓語) Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介詞賓語)2.形容詞后接that的賓語從句（常用來引導賓語從句的形容詞有:） sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied, surprised eg:I am sure I will pass the exam. 我確信我會通過考試. I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. 很抱歉我這

3、么長時間在打擾你. He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill. 他很高興在他生病的時候李明能去看望他.(2). 賓語從句的引導詞由陳述句變成的賓語從句，用that引導，語序不變。that在句中無實際意義(不充當句子成分)，可以省略。如： “He is a teacher.” He said. He said (that) he was a teacher. “I have already seen the film.”He said. He said (that) he had already seen the film.由

4、一般疑問句變成的賓語從句，用if或whether引導，表示“是否”，原來一般疑問句的語序要變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序。如： “Does the boy like English?” The teacher asked The teacher asked me if the boy liked English. “Are they students?” I don't know. I don't know if they are students. 注意：當賓語從句中出現(xiàn)“or not”或“or + 供具體選擇的內(nèi)容”時，就只能用whether來引導。例如：I dont know wheth

5、er he will come back soon or not. if, whether在賓語從句中的區(qū)別1. if和whether在作“是否”解時，引導賓語從句常放在動詞know, ask, care, wonder, find out等之后，介詞后一般不用if2. 少數(shù)動詞，如：leave, put, discuss, doubt后的賓語從句常用whether.3. whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. 4. 在不定式前只能用whether.（如：I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能決定是否留下。由特殊疑問句變成賓語從句時，疑問代詞(who

6、, whom, whose, what, which)或疑問副詞(when, where, why, how)作賓語從句的引導詞，并在賓語從句中充當成分，表示對不清楚的人、事物、時間、地點、方式等的詢問。原來特殊疑問句的疑問語序要變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。如：“Who is that boy?” Miss Li wants to know Miss Li wants to know who that boy is. “What does the girl want to buy? “He asked.He asked what the girl wanted to buy. “Where have the

7、y gone?” I didnt know I didnt know where they had gone. “When did you leave?” He asked He asked when I left. (3)賓語從句的語序要用陳述句語序，即賓語從句的主語前不可有be動詞、情態(tài)動詞或助動詞do, does, did, have, has, had等。如： “Is he a student?” he asked me. He asked me was he a student. (×) He asked me if/whether he was a student. ()

8、 “Must I go right now?” he asked. He asked must he go now. (×) He asked whether he must go right now. () “where does he live?” he asked. He asked where did he live. (×) He asked where he lived. ()(4)時態(tài)一致性，即若主句時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)（包括一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進行時，現(xiàn)在完成時），賓語從句的時態(tài)可根據(jù)實際情況而定；若主句是過去時態(tài)（包括一般過去時、過去進行時），賓 語從句的時態(tài)也要用

9、相應的過去各種時態(tài)。如：We know he is a teacher at a school. We know he lost his son last year. We know he will come here soon. He said (that) he was ill. He said he was doing his homework at nine yesterday. (5)賓語從句的否定轉移   主句的謂語動詞是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等，并且主句的

10、主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的否定詞一般要轉移到主句上來，其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致.I dont think he will come to my party.而不能說成I think he wont come to my party. 我認為他不會來我的舞會.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim, is he? 我認為那個人不是Jim所殺的，是不是?如果賓語從句中有某個含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞，其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, d

11、oes he? 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從來不仔細聽老師講課，是不是?語法鞏固-賓語從句（課堂練習）一單項選擇題1. The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2. Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been3. The students want to know whether the

12、y_ dictation today. A. had B. has C. will have D. are4. She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5. Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled6. Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what

13、C. when D. that7. I don't know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where8. I hardly understand_ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who9. She didn't know_ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be10. I don't know _ he still lives here aft

14、er so many years. A. whether B where C. what D. when11. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how12. He asked me _told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose13. They don't know_ their parents are. A. that B. what C. why D. which14. Please tell me _what l

15、ast year. A. where does your sister work B. where did your sister workC. where your sister works D. where your sister worked15. She asked me if I knew _. A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it16. You must remember _. A. what your mother said B. what did your mo

16、ther say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said17. Did you know _? A. whom he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after18. Could you tell me _? A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leav

17、e Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing19. Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday? A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did20. I want to know_. A. what is his name B. whats his name C. that his name is D. what his name is21. Do you know _ I could pass the e

18、xam? A. that B. whether C. what D. which22. Jim doesnt understand _. A. which is the way to the museum B. why his wife always goes shopping C. what is the way to the museum D. why does she always go shopping23. Mr. King didnt know _ yesterday evening. A. when does his son come home B. when his son c

19、omes home C. when did his son come home D. when his son came home24. Could you tell me _ the bike this morning? A. how does he mend B. how he mends C. how he mended D. how did he mend25. He wanted to know _. A. whether he speaks at the meeting B. when the meeting would start C. what he is going to d

20、o at the meeting D. where would the meeting be held 26. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited27. I want to know _ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow. A. that B. when C.

21、 where D. whether28. -Could you tell me _? -Sorry, I dont know. I was not at the meeting. A. what does he say at the meeting B. what did he say at the meeting C. what he says at the meeting D. what he said at the meeting29. Every morning the patients are asked if _ their temperature taken. A. they h

22、ad had B. have they had C. they have had D. had they had30. Its up to you to decide _ youll go there, by air or by road. A. how B. why C. that D. when語法鞏固-賓語從句（課外練習）一，選擇填空( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said _.A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it C. the weather is fine D. summer comes

23、 after spring( ) 2. Tom asked my friend _.A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry( ) 3. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the car B. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car( ) 4. P

24、eter knew _.A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris( )5. Could you tell me _?A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for  D. where you live in( )6. I can&#

25、39;t understand _the boy alone. A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left( )7. She told me the sun _ in the east.A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen( )8.I don't know _ up so early last Sunday.A. why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D. why he got( )9

26、. The manager came up to see _.A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what the matter is    D. what's the matter( )10. He asked his father _. A. where it happens   B. where did it happen C. how it happened    D. how did it happen( )11. No one tel

27、ls us_, so we need your help. A. how we should do   B. what should we do C. how to do it       D. what to do it( )12. Could you please teach me _ the computer.A. how check    B. to check   C. how to check   D. to how checking( )13.They don't know _their parents are. A that B what C why D which( )14. Where do you think _ he _ the TV set? Sorry, I've no idea.A./, bought   B. has, bought   C. did, buy