高考英語（人教版）要點梳理重點突破：必修3Unit4　Astronomythescienceofthestars

1、必修3Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the stars要 點 梳 理高效梳理知識備考重點單詞1astronomy n天文學astronomer n天文學家2system n系統(tǒng)；體系；制度3theory n學說；理論theoretical adj.理論上的4globe n球體；地球儀；地球global adj.全球性的；全世界的5violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；強暴的violence n暴力violently adv.猛烈地6atmosphere n大氣層；氣氛7unlike prep.不同；不像dislike vt.不喜歡8presence n出席；

2、到場；存在present adj. & n. & v在場的；目前，現(xiàn)在；出席；頒發(fā)，授予9harmful adj.有害的；傷害的harm n危害，害處harmless adj.無害的10exist vi.存在，生存existence n存在，生存11puzzle n謎；難題vt. & vi.(使)迷惑；(使)為難puzzled adj.迷惑的puzzling adj.令人迷惑的12gravity n萬有引力；重力13satellite n衛(wèi)星；人造衛(wèi)星14climate n氣候15spaceship n宇宙飛船16pull n. & vt.拉(力)；拖；牽引力17float vi. & vt.

3、(使)浮動；(使)漂浮 n漂浮物18mass n質(zhì)量；團；塊；大量；(復)群眾重點短語1in time及時；終于2lay eggs 下蛋3give birth to 產(chǎn)生；分娩4in ones turn 輪到某人；接著5prevent.from 阻止；制止6block out 擋住(光線)7cheer up 感到高興；感到振奮8now that 既然9break out 突發(fā)；爆發(fā)10watch out 密切注視；當心；提防11cool down 冷卻12as well as 也；還有13depend on 依靠；依賴，取決于14get close to 靠近重點句型1This produce

4、d a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.這就形成一個連鎖反應(yīng)，使生命發(fā)展成為可能。2But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而當我試著向前邁步時，我發(fā)覺我被送出很遠，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。3.walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.既然重力改變

5、了，行走的確需要一些練習。高考范文假定你是李華。在一個英文網(wǎng)絡(luò)論壇上，你看到一個名叫Grownup的中學生發(fā)帖(post)尋求幫助，請根據(jù)帖子內(nèi)容、寫作要點和要求回貼。GrownupPost at 1852009 20：08Hi, everyone，Im 17 years old and I am going to university this autumn. But my mother continues to treat me as a sevenyearold. What should I do?TOPLast TopicNext TopicREPLYNEW寫作要點：1告訴Grownu

6、p要理解母親；2給Grownup提出解決問題的具體建議。要求： 1.短文需寫在答題卡的指定區(qū)域。 2.短文詞數(shù)不少于80(不含已寫好的部分)。 3.內(nèi)容充實，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，語意連貫。 4.書寫須清晰、工整。Hi, Grownup，As a student of your age, I understand your situation._范文Hi，Grownup，As a student of your age, I understand your situation. The problem you are facing is common among our teenagers. Howeve

7、r, it should be wise not to do anything that may hurt her feelings. Here are a few suggestions.First, its advisable to talk more with your mom. I learnt talks help you understand each other better. They are also opportunities to let her know your ideas of and attitudes toward many things.Second, you

8、 should learn to do your own things well, proving to your mom that you are already a “grownup”， Its even better if you could share more of the housework, such as cleaning, washing and cooking.考 點 探 究互動探究能力備考.詞匯短語過關(guān)1harmful adj. 有害的；傷害的harm n&vt. 損傷；傷害harmless adj. 無害的harmlessness n. 無害be harmful to

9、對有害do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 對某人有害do more harm than good 弊大于利There is (no) harm in (sb.s) doing sth.(某人)做某事有(無)害處。It does (no) harm (for sb.) to do sth. (對于某人來說)做某事有(無)害處。mean no harm 沒有惡意即學即練1(1)Fruit juice can _ _ _ childrens teeth.果汁可能損壞兒童的牙齒。(2)What he did _ his reputation.他所做的損害了他的名聲。beharmful

10、toharmed(3)He may look fierce, but he _ _ _.他可能看上去很兇，但并無惡意。(4)The court case will _ _ _ _ my business.這起訴訟案件將嚴重損害我的生意。meansnoharmdo seriousharmto2exist vi. 存在；生存；維持生活existent adj. 存在的，現(xiàn)存的existence n. 存在，生存There exists/existed.某地有，存在exist in 存在于之中exist on 靠為生exist by 靠生存come into existence 開始存在；成立bri

11、ng into existence 使發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生即學即練2(1)_ always _ a force of attraction between two bodies. 兩物體間總是存在著吸引力。(2)They _ _ very little food.他們靠極少的食物來生存。(3)That word doesnt _ in English. 英語中沒有這個詞。Thereexistsexistonexist(4)Fish cant _ _ _ _. 魚離開水就不能生存。(5)When did the world _ _ _？世界是什么時候開始產(chǎn)生的？exist outofwatercomein

12、toexistence3puzzle vt. 使困惑；使糊涂n. 難題；謎puzzling adj. 令人困惑的puzzled adj. 感到困惑的puzzle about/over sth. 苦苦思索；仔細琢磨puzzle sth. out 琢磨出的答案；開動腦筋be in a puzzle about sth. 對某事迷惑不解set a puzzle for sb.(set sb. a puzzle) 出個謎語叫某人猜be puzzled by 被迷惑即學即練3(1)Its quite _ _ _ us why he did that.他為何做那樣的事，我們完全搞不懂。(2)This se

13、ntence _ me. 這個句子令我困惑。(3)I _ _ how to solve the problem.我不知道怎樣解決這個問題。(4)The question is _ to me. 這個問題令我困惑。 apuzzletopuzzleswaspuzzledpuzzling4in ones turn輪到某人；接著in turn依次；輪流；轉(zhuǎn)而；反過來by turns輪流；交替take ones turn輪到某人做了take turns依次；輪班，輪流on the turn正在轉(zhuǎn)變，正在變化out of turn不合時宜地，魯莽地即學即練4(1)The girls called out

14、their names _ _.那些女孩兒逐一報出了自己的名字。(2)We make every effort to make more films, and _ _ this creates further environmental pollution.我們在竭力生產(chǎn)出更多的電影，反過來這又造成了進一步的環(huán)境污染。inturninturn(3)We kept watch _ _.We _ _ to keep watch.我們輪流守望。byturnstookturns5prevent.from 阻止；制止stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事keep sb. f

15、rom doing sth. 阻止某人做某事protect sb. from.保護某人不受侵襲，擋住，防御keep sb. doing sth. 讓某人一直做某事即學即練5(1)What can we do to _ this disease _ _？我們能做什么來防止這種疾病蔓延呢？(2)Dont _ others _ for long.不要讓別人等太久。 prevent/stop/keepfromspreadingkeepwaiting提示：(1)在被動句中 from 均不能省略。如：We were stopped/prevented/kept from going out by the

16、heavy rain.大雨使我們無法外出。(2)protect.from.中 from后接能帶來傷害或損害之事物。如：They huddled together to protect themselves from the wind. 他們擠在一起，免受風吹。6cheer up 感到高興；感到振奮cheer sb. up 使某人高興；使某人振奮cheer on 為加油cheer sb. 為某人喝彩with good cheer 欣然地Cheers! 干杯！祝你健康！(用于祝酒)即學即練6(1)_ _！ The news isnt too bad.振作一點吧！也不是什么太壞的消息。(2)Ever

17、y time an English runner won a race, the crowd _.每次英國選手贏得賽跑冠軍，觀眾就歡呼。(3)The crowd _ their favourite horse _.觀眾都替他們看好的馬加油。 Cheerupcheeredcheeredon7break out (戰(zhàn)爭、災(zāi)難、瘟疫等)突發(fā)；爆發(fā)(無被動語態(tài))The Second World War broke out in September 1939.“二戰(zhàn)”是1939年9月爆發(fā)的。A fire broke out in the neighborhood last night.昨晚居民區(qū)里發(fā)生了

18、火災(zāi)。拓展：break away from 脫離(政黨等)；打破(陳套等)break down 出故障，拋錨；(計劃等)失??；(身體、精神等)垮掉；打倒，砸破；(化合物等)分解break in 破門而入；闖入；打斷(話語等)break into 破門而入，突然起來break off 折斷；突然中止，斷絕，結(jié)束break through 突破break up 打碎，拆散；散開，解散；(學校)期末放假，(集會)結(jié)束break into pieces 成為碎片即學即練7介、副詞填空(1)She started to speak, then broke _ while a waitress serve

19、d us with coffee.(2)He lost his job and his marriage broke _.(3)Her health broke _ under the pressure of work.offupdown(4)Should another world war break _， what would become of human beings?(5)Firemen had to break the door _ to reach the people trapped inside.(6)The meeting broke _ at eleven oclock.

20、outdownup8watch out 注意；當心watch out(for) look out (for)密切注意；留神take care 留神，注意be careful 仔細，留神watch it 當心，小心watch over 照看；看守keep a close watch/eye on 密切注視即學即練8(1)_ _！ There is a car coming!當心！有車來了！(2)_ _ _ cars while crossing the road.過馬路時要當心車輛。(3)_ _ not to catch a cold._ _ not to catch a cold. 當心別著涼

21、。WatchoutWatchoutforBecarefulTakecare.重點句型詳解1This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.這就形成一個連鎖反應(yīng)，使生命發(fā)展成為可能。本句中 it做形式賓語，真正的賓語為不定式短語 for life to develop。it做形式賓語還可以代替動名詞或從句。He thinks it his duty to help others.他認為幫助別人是他的職責。He made it a rule to get up at six every morni

22、ng.他把每天早晨6點起床作為一項規(guī)定。We consider it no use going to the seaside.我們認為去海邊沒用處。We all consider it a pity that you didnt come to the party.我們都認為你沒有來參加聚會很遺憾。I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.我不喜歡人們說話時嘴里有滿滿的東西。You may depend on it that were honest.你可以相信我們是誠實的。拓展：it還可以做形式主語，代替真正的主語不定式(或不定式復合

23、結(jié)構(gòu))、動名詞(或動名詞復合結(jié)構(gòu))或從句。(1)Itsadj.for sb. to do sth. 對某人來說做某事是的。(2)Itsadj.of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事(3)Its/was/.who/that.是某人/某物做(4)It is/was the序數(shù)詞timethat.主語have/had done.這是某人第次做(5)It is (high) time that.主語did/should do.是該做的時候了。(6)Its said/reported/believed/announced that.據(jù)說/據(jù)報道/據(jù)猜測/據(jù)稱(7)Its a pity/a sha

24、me/a wonder.that.可惜/遺憾/奇怪的是(8)It happens/appears/seems that. 恰巧/看來/好像(9)It looks/seems as if. 看起來好像(10)Its up to sb. to do. 該某人做了即境活用1(1)He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held.AthisBthatCit Dthese解析：it做形式賓語，真正賓語為 when and where從句。答案：C(2)Id appreciate _ if you would like to te

25、ach me how to use the computer.Athat BitCthis Dyou解析：it做形式賓語，代替 if從句。答案：B2But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而當我試著向前邁步時，我發(fā)覺我被送出很遠，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。倍數(shù)的表達方式有：(1)“A倍數(shù)形容詞或副詞的比較級thanB”，表示“A比B大(長、高、寬等)多少倍”。(2)“A倍數(shù)as形容詞或副詞的原級asB”，表示“A是B的多

26、少倍”。(3)“A倍數(shù)the size/height/length/width, etc.ofB”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。(4)“A倍數(shù)what從句”，表示“A是的多少倍”。Asia is four times as large as Europe.The size of Asia is four times that of Europe.Asia is four times the size of Europe.Asia is three times larger than Europe.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大(比歐洲大三倍)。Our total income of 1994 was doub

27、le that of 1992.我們1994年的總收入是1992年的兩倍。The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.現(xiàn)在的產(chǎn)量是十年前的三倍。即境活用2(1)Though its a challenging job, he did it _ it took me.Aonethird a time Bonethird timeCthe onethird time Donethird the time解析：考查倍數(shù)比較的句型，即“倍數(shù)then.”結(jié)構(gòu)。答案：D(2)What a table! Ive never seen

28、 such a thing before. It is _ it is long.Ahalf not as wide as Bwide not as half asCnot half as wide as Das wide as not half解析：考查倍數(shù)比較 halfas.as。答案：C3.walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed. 既然重力改變了，行走的確需要一些練習(1)句中 does need是一種強調(diào)句式。在一般句型中，do (does, did)常用來強調(diào)謂語動詞的語氣，在句中要重讀，譯為“

29、真的”“的確”“確實”等。You do look nice today. 你今天看起來真的很漂亮。Jack said he would come and he did come.杰克說他要來，他果真來了。在祈使句中，do表示強烈的請求，而不是命令，有時它可以使邀請對方的心意顯得更加客氣、熱情、友好，而且親切，此時的 do可譯為“千萬，務(wù)必”等。Please do sit down. 務(wù)必請坐下。Do be careful next time. 下次千萬要小心。(2)now that 在句中引導原因狀語從句，相當于 since，意為“既然，由于”，that 可省略。Now that you ha

30、ve finished your work, youd better have a rest. 既然工作已經(jīng)做完了，你最好休息一下。辨析：now that/because/since/as/fornow that 說明已經(jīng)成為事實的原因，常譯為“既然”。because 語氣最強，回答的是用 why提問的問句，表示直接的或為人所不知的原因。since與 as語氣較 because 弱，表示顯而易見或已為人所知的原因。since 側(cè)重主句，as主從并重，語氣比 since 弱。for是連詞，用來補充說明理由或提供一種解釋，不一定是真正的原因，不能放在主句前面。Why did you do this

31、? 你為什么這么做？Because it is good for you. 因為這對你有好處。Since you have known it, I wont repeat it.既然你已經(jīng)知道了，我就不重復了。Wear strong shoes as we shall do a lot of walking.穿上結(jié)實的鞋子，因為我們要走不少路。It rained last night, for the ground is wet.昨晚下雨了，因為地面是濕的。即境活用3(1)In my opinion, what Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng _ good to ou

32、r countrys international positions.Adid do does Bdid does doCdoes did do Ddo do did解析：第一個 did是 what主語從句中的謂語動詞；第二個 does強調(diào)謂語 do good to，故選B。答案：B易 錯 點 撥自我完善誤區(qū)備考1. unlike/dislike/alike/likely(1)unlike prep.不同；不像(2)dislike vt. 不喜歡(3)alike adj. 相似的，同樣的(4)likely adj. 很可能發(fā)生的，有希望的解析：now that 引導原因狀語從句，相當于 sin

33、ce，意為：既然。答案：D應(yīng)用1用 unlike, dislike, alike, likely的適當形式填空：(1)The twins look very much _.(2)_ his brother, he _ playing football.(3)We all think he is _ to win.alikeUnlikedislikeslikely2. pull/drag/draw(1)pull是普通用語，指一時或突然用力拉，與push相對。有時可用于把某人某物拖、拉到某目的地的或固定的方向。(2)drag是指“拖”“拉”著笨重的物體擦著地面，緩慢而費力地拖、拉動作。(3)dra

34、w是指“拖”“拉”的物體向自己所在的方向移動，而且拖、拉的動作是從容的、不太費勁的。應(yīng)用2(1)She _a truck out from under the bed.(2)_ the door open. Dont push it.(3)_ your chair up to the table.(4)The ants are _ pieces of corn.draggedPullDrawpulling3. in time/at a time/at one time/on time/in no time/at times/at no timein time及時；總有一天；終于on time按

35、時at one time曾經(jīng)，一度at a time一次，同時at times有時at no time決不，在任何時候都不in no time立刻，馬上應(yīng)用3(1)This kind of social phenomenon could exist only for a few months, but it will disappear _.(2)_ she wanted to be a nurse, but the thought of working at night put her off.(3)They ran all the way to the corner just _ to c

36、atch the bus.in no timeAt one timein time(4)My honey, life is very difficult and cruel _. Wipe your tears.(5)Deal with your questions separately, one _.(6)Be sure to be _. The meeting is very important.(7)_ will we give up. at timesat a timeon timeAt no time高 效 作 業(yè)自我測評技能備考.單詞拼寫1He was interested in

37、a_ and always stayed up at night to watch the stars.2Not long ago a v_ earthquake occurred off the coast of Indonesia.3Computer hackers have broken down security s_，raising questions about the safety of information.4Too much sugar can be h_ to childrens teeth.astronomyviolentsystemsharmful5The three

38、star hotel offers a friendly a_ and personal service.6China has sent up another _ (人造衛(wèi)星) into space.7There is a lot of rubbish _(漂浮) on the surface of the river.8_ (理論) is based on practice.9The_ (氣候) is different from place to place.10. 6 _ (乘) by 5 is 30.atmospheresatellitefloatingTheoryclimatemul

39、tiplied .單項選擇1Im thinking of the test tomorrow. Im afraid I cant pass this time._！ Im sure youll make it.AGo aheadBGood luckCNo problem DCheer up答案：D解析：考查交際用語。cheer up 用于鼓勵別人：振奮起來，別灰心。2With the words, he _ a wide mouth jar from his pocket and set it on the table in front of him.Apulled out Bchecked

40、outCstuck out Ddropped out答案：A解析：考查動詞短語。語意表示他從口袋里拿出一個廣口瓶，用pull out表示“抽，從中抽出來”。check out“結(jié)帳離去，辦妥手續(xù)離去”；stick out“堅持，突出，伸出”；drop out“退出，退學”。3As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _ her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town.Athis BthatCone Dit解析：考查 it做形式賓語，真正賓語為不定式短語 to look a

41、fter.。答案：D4Completely lost in the exciting _ of the football match, Tom didnt feel his pocket picked.Ascene BviewCatmosphere Dsight答案：C解析：考查名詞辨析。atmosphere 在此指“氣氛；氛圍”。5Many Europeans _ the continent of Africa in the 19th century.Aexploded BexposedCexplored Dexpanded答案：C解析：句意為：許多歐洲人在19世紀對非洲大陸進行了探索。ex

42、plode爆炸；expose暴露，顯示；explore探索；expand擴大。6Its _ for the Shenzhou spaceship that every Chinese feels cheerful and proud.Aso a successful flightBso successful a flightCsuch successful a flightDa such successful flight答案：B解析：考查such.that和so.that句型。句意為：對于“神七”來說，這是一次極為成功的飛行，以至于每個中國人都為之高興和自豪?！皊oadj.a可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”或

43、“suchaadj.可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”。7He has _ letters to answer and has to work from morning to night.Amuch Ba great deal ofCmasses of Dthe number of答案：C解析：考查修飾名詞表“大量”的詞的辨析。masses of相當于plenty of，意為“許多；大量”。A、B兩項用于修飾不可數(shù)名詞；the number of意為“的數(shù)目”，與題意不符。8We were scared to death when the fire _. Fortunately, it was put out b

44、efore it caused much damage.Abroke out Bcame outCgave out Dturned out答案：A解析：考查動詞短語辨析。break out表示“(戰(zhàn)爭、打斗等不愉快事件)突然發(fā)生”；come out表示“出發(fā)，發(fā)芽”；give out表示“分發(fā)，用完”；turn out表示“結(jié)果是，生產(chǎn)”。語意：突如其來的大火把我們嚇得要死，幸好被撲滅了，沒有造成很大損失。A項符合語意。9At the _ news, there was a _ expression on his face.Apuzzled; puzzling Bpuzzling; puzzl

45、eCpuzzling; puzzled Dpuzzled; puzzle答案：C解析：第一空用 puzzling “令人迷惑的”修飾 news；第二空指“迷惑的表情”用 puzzled。10Do you think _ life on Mars?Ait exists Bthere existsCit is existed Dthere is existed答案：B解析：考查There exists .句式，意為“某地存在某物”。exist v. 存在。11All possible means _. However, nothing can _ him dying of lung cancer.

46、Ahas tried; stopBhave tried; keepChas been tried; preventDhave been tried; stop答案：D解析：第一空主語 means 是單復數(shù)同形的名詞，有 all修飾，謂語用復數(shù)，且為被動語態(tài)；第二空 stop和 prevent 都對，但 keep.from中 from不能省略。12_， I lost heart in English learning, but my teacher often said to me, “Keep on working hard, and youll succeed_.”AAt a time; i

47、n time BAt a time; on timeCAt one time; in time DAt one time; on time答案：C解析：第一空填 at one time “曾經(jīng)有一段時間”，第二空填 in time “遲早”。at a time “一次”；on time “按時”。13Water, which seems so simple and common, is _ makes life possible.Awhat BthatCwhich Dhow答案：A解析：考查表語從句。名詞性從句的解題原則是“缺什么補什么”，此處表語從句“_ makes life possibl

48、e”中缺少“主語”，同時“主語”不表示“人”，用what(表示人時應(yīng)該選用who或者whom)。所以選A項。14_youve passed the final exam, you can prepare for the coming holiday.ANow that BAs soon asCAlthough DIf答案：A解析：考查狀語從句。now that 可引導原因狀語從句，意為“既然”。15Some parts in South China have experienced _this year as they did last year.Atwice as much rain Bra

49、in twice as muchCas twice much rain Dtwice rain as much答案：A解析：考查倍數(shù)比較 twice as much .as。 .閱讀理解 AVincent Van Gogh (30 March 185329 July 1890) was a Dutch postImpressionist artist. He was considered one of the greatest artists with great influence on 20th century art.Van Gogh spent his early adult life

50、 working for a firm of art dealers. After a brief period as a teacher, he became a missionary(傳教士) worker in a very poor mining region. He did not begin his career as an artist until 1880; however during the last ten years of his life, he produced more than 2 000 pieces, including around 900 paintings and 1 100 drawings and sketches(素描). He worked only with sombre(昏暗的) colours until he met Impressionism and neoImpressionism in Paris. Van Gogh incorporated(合并) their brighter colours and style of painting into a uniquely recognizable style. Most of his bestkno