高一英語(yǔ)必修3第一、二單元詞匯語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)及練習(xí)1

1、高一英語(yǔ)必修3詞匯復(fù)習(xí)總結(jié) Unit 1 Festivals around the world1.mean doing sth. 意味著 mean to do sth. 打算或企圖做某事 mean sb. to do sth. 打算讓某人做某事 be meant for 打算作用 2. take place 發(fā)生；舉行 take the place of sb= be in place of sb 替代某人 of all kinds?各種各樣的 4.starve to death餓死? be starved of sth. 缺乏 starve for sth / starve to do 渴望

2、 5.be satisfied with感到滿意 to ones satisfaction感到滿意是. 6. in memory of / in honor of . 紀(jì)念某人 do harm to sb. =do sb. harm =be harmful to sb. 傷害某人 8.in the shape of呈的形狀 award sth.(to sb. =award sb.sth.(for sth. 給予, 頒獎(jiǎng) reward sb. for sth.? 因.獎(jiǎng)賞某人 reward sb. with sth.?用某物酬勞某人 10.dress up打扮,化裝 11. admire sb.

3、 for sth在某方面欽佩某人 12.look forward to期望, 期待 13. have fun with sb. 玩得開心, 過(guò)得快樂(lè) =have a good time = enjoy oneself. 14. turn up.來(lái), 出現(xiàn); 把音量開大些 15. keep ones word 守信用 16. break ones word 失信 set off 動(dòng)身, 出發(fā); 使（地雷、炸彈）爆炸 18. remind sb. of sth. 提醒, 使想起 remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事 19. forgive sb (for sth 原諒某人某事 f

4、orgiving adj. 寬容的 apologize to sb for (doing sth = make an apology to sb for sth 因某事向某人道歉 Unit 2 Healthy eating a healthy diet健康飲食 a balanced diet平衡的飲食 2.in different way用另外方式 3.most often最經(jīng)常4.feel frustrated感到沮喪 5.by lunchtime到午餐時(shí)間 6.must have happened一定發(fā)生過(guò) be tired of 厭倦 8.be amazed at sth. 對(duì).感到驚奇

5、 9. throw away扔掉 get away with?逃脫 get across(使被理解 get rid of 擺脫, 除掉 get over 克服 get through 完成;花光;接通電話 get down to doing sth 著手做 11.tell lies說(shuō)謊 12.energy-giving food提供熱量的食物 body-building foods提供營(yíng)養(yǎng)的食物 13.keep fit保持精力旺盛 14.do some research into做一些.方面的研究 15.earn ones living謀生 16.be in debt負(fù)債 17.glare a

6、t怒視 stare at 凝視 18.move round繞過(guò) spy on在暗中偵察；打探 20.upset sb.使.不安 be upset=be unhappy 21.rather than而不是 22.look ill感到不舒服feel sick感到惡心 23.chat(ting about聊起關(guān)于. 24.before long不久 25.cut down減少 cut in插嘴,打斷 26. build up ones strengthen增強(qiáng)實(shí)力 27. be limited to sth受限制于 set a limit to sth 對(duì)規(guī)定限度 go beyond /over t

7、he limit 超過(guò)限度 within the limits of在.范圍內(nèi) nothave sb doing不允許某人做 have sb do 讓某人做 have sth done 讓別人做某事 have sth to do 有些事情要做 have sth to be done 有些事情需要?jiǎng)e人做 高一英語(yǔ)必修3知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納（1） Unit 1 Festivals around the world 1. mean 的用法 1. mean doing sth. “意味著（必須要做某事或?qū)е路N結(jié)果）”, 其主語(yǔ)通常是指事物的詞。 2. mean to do sth. “打算或企圖做某事”，主語(yǔ)通

8、常是表示人的名詞或代詞，過(guò)去完成式表示“本來(lái)打算做某事”。 3. mean sb. to do sth. “打算讓某人做某事”，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。 4. mean 后接名詞、副詞或從句, “表示；打算；存心”等意思；后接that 從句，意為“表示”。 5. be meant for “打算給予；打算作用”。 In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour. A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting 2. take place 發(fā)生；舉行 (不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中!

9、The performance didnt take place after all. 演出終于沒(méi)有進(jìn)行。 Was there anybody passing by when the accident took place? 事故發(fā)生時(shí)，有人路過(guò)那里嗎？ 與place相關(guān)短語(yǔ)： in the first place （用于列舉理由）首先，第一點(diǎn) in the last place 最后 in ones place 處于某人的位置，為某人設(shè)身處地想一想 in place 放在原來(lái)的位置，就位 in place of 代替，用而不用 take ones place 找替某人接替某人的位置 3. o

10、f all kinds 各種各樣的 相關(guān)歸納：all kinds of 各種各樣的 the same kind of 相同種類的 different kinds of 不同種類的 this/that kind of 這（那）種 a kind of 某種 That kind of question is very difficult to answer.= Questions of that kind are difficult to answer. We sell all kinds of shoes.= We sell shoes of all kinds. You can see diff

11、erent kinds of animals in the zoo. = You can see animals of different kinds in the zoo. 你在動(dòng)物園可以看見不同種類的動(dòng)物。 用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 Books of this kind _ (sell well in the bookstore. This kind of books _ (sell well in the bookstore. 4. starve v. 挨餓; 餓死 He said he would starve rather than beg for food. 他說(shuō)他寧愿挨餓也不要飯吃。

12、 5. plenty n. 富裕 days/years/.of plenty 富裕的日子/年月 如：You have a life of plenty, what would you be worried about? plenty pron. 大量; 充足 plenty of可修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞, 用于陳述句。 如: You neednt hurry. There is plenty of time left. 你不必慌忙, 剩下的時(shí)間很充足。 ? Taking plenty of exercise every day keeps you healthy. 每天多運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)使你身體健康。

13、6. 1 satisfy vt. 滿足,使?jié)M意; satisfy sb. satisfied a. 感到滿意的; be satisfied with satisfying a. 令人愉快的 satisfaction n. 滿意; to ones satisfaction satisfactorily ad. 滿意地 satisfactory a. 令人滿意的 She bought a satisfactory compute rits cheap and of high quality. 辨析 satisfactory, satisfied, satisfying satisfactory 指

14、客觀的事物或主觀的表現(xiàn)達(dá)到要求而令人滿意, 主語(yǔ)一般用客體。 satisfied指主體對(duì)事物或表現(xiàn)感到滿意, 主語(yǔ)是主體(人 如: She is satisfied with the service. 她對(duì)該項(xiàng)服務(wù)感到滿意。 satisfying: giving pleasure令人愉快, 主語(yǔ)是不定式. 常用于句型: Its satisfying to do sth. 做.使人滿意 如:Its satisfying to learn the success of his son in job-hunting. 得知兒子找到工作,令他非常高興。 hurt, injure, harm, dama

15、ge, wound的區(qū)別與用法 hurt 普通用語(yǔ)，既可指肉體上的傷害,也可精神上, 感情上的傷害。 如:The girl hurt herself badly in the accident.那位女孩在那次事故中傷得很重。 injure比hurt正式, hurt多指?jìng)? 而injure則指損害健康, 成就, 容貌等, 強(qiáng)調(diào)功能的損失。 如:He injured his hand while playing basketball.他在打籃球時(shí)手受了傷。 damage主要指對(duì)于物的損害,強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)于價(jià)值、用途、外觀等所造成的損失, 這種損失或因自然災(zāi)害所致, 或因人為造成。如: Several c

16、ars were damaged in the accident. 好幾輛汽車在事故中損壞了。 wound 指槍傷, 刀傷, 刺傷等皮肉之傷, 是出血的, 嚴(yán)重的傷, 特指戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上受傷, 它可以指肉體上的傷害, 也可指人們精神上的創(chuàng)傷。如: The bullet wounded his left leg. 子彈打傷了他的左腿。 7.origin n. 起源；源頭 如：the origins of the life on earth 地球上生命的起源。 in memory of/ to the memory of sb. 紀(jì)念某人 例句：The statue was built in memory

17、 of the famous scientist. 8. dress作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí), 不接clothes之類的表示衣服的名詞, 而是接表示人的句詞或代詞, 意思是“給穿衣服”。當(dāng)表示自己穿衣服時(shí), 則用反身代詞, 如：Wake up children and dress them. 喚醒孩子,給他們穿上衣服。 dress的過(guò)去分詞常用來(lái)構(gòu)成get dressed與be dressed短語(yǔ), 前者表示動(dòng)態(tài), 后者表示靜態(tài), 穿何種衣服, 則用介詞in. 如：Harry up and get dressed. 快點(diǎn)穿上衣服。 The girl was dressed in red. 這個(gè)女孩穿著一身

18、紅衣服。 dress up是“打扮,化裝”，如: You should dress up when you take part in the party. She is _ in red today and looks very beautiful. wearing B. having on C. dressing D. Dressed 9. award. n. 獎(jiǎng), 獎(jiǎng)品 v. 判給, 授予 award sb. sth. 獎(jiǎng)賞某人某物 辨析: award 和reward: award后接雙賓語(yǔ) 如: award sb. a metal 授予某人獎(jiǎng)?wù)?reward 獎(jiǎng)賞, 酬謝, 不能接雙賓語(yǔ)

19、。 reward sb. for sth. 因獎(jiǎng)賞某人 reward sb. with sth. 用某物酬勞某人 例句：She rewarded herself with a cup of coffee after a whole mornings hard work. admire v. 意為“贊賞;欽佩;羨慕;贊美;夸獎(jiǎng)” 注意: 表示“在某方面欽佩某人”用“admire sb. for sth.” 例句：We all admi re him for his courage and bravery. 我們都?xì)J佩他的勇氣和膽識(shí)。 11. look forward to (doing sth.

20、 意為期待著(做某事, 其中的to是介詞, 而不是動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)。 12. as though和as if沒(méi)有什么區(qū)別。as if用得普遍些, 卻可引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句, 其從句謂語(yǔ)常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 (1 引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句 She acted as though nothing had happened 她裝得好像什么事也沒(méi)發(fā)生過(guò)似的。 當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)一致,從句謂語(yǔ)中又含有動(dòng)詞to be時(shí), 可以把主語(yǔ)和to be一起省去。 He looked about as though (he was in search of something 他四處張望, 好像尋找什么。 (2 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從

21、句 It looks as if its going to rain看樣子天要下雨 as though和as if從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣, 還是用陳述語(yǔ)氣，根據(jù)具體情況而定。如果從句表示的意思與事實(shí)完全相反, 或者純粹是一種假設(shè), 通常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 The child talks as if she were an adult. 那孩子說(shuō)話的樣子好像她是個(gè)大人。 13. have fun 過(guò)得快樂(lè) = have a good time, enjoy oneself. 短語(yǔ)有have fun ( in doing sth. 14. But she didnt turn up. 1 來(lái), 出席(某活動(dòng) I

22、m very happy you turned up so early. 2 把(收音機(jī)等音量開大一些, 反義詞turn down. 如Turn up the radio a little, I can scarcely hear the program. turn down 拒絕 turn off 關(guān)掉 turn on 打開 turn out 結(jié)果是. turn to sb. for help 向某人求助 15. keep ones word 守信用， 反義詞是break ones word 失信 注意：keep ones word和break ones word中的名詞word不能用復(fù)數(shù)形

23、式！ 相關(guān)短語(yǔ)： in a word/in short/to be short 簡(jiǎn)言之；總之 have a word with sb. 與某人談話 have words with sb. 與某人發(fā)生口角 in other words 換句話說(shuō) 16. obvious adj. 1 obvious+ to + 表示人的名詞或代詞 如：Her disappointment was obvious to her friend. 2 It + be + obvious +that-clause 顯而易見,一目了然 如：It was obvious that she was in danger. 辨析：

24、obvious/apparent/clear obvious 是三者中程度最強(qiáng)的，含有“一目了然” 之意。 如：It is obvious that you are wrong. apparent具有某些明顯的跡象，側(cè)重經(jīng)歷推理才能看出結(jié)果。 如：It was apparent from his face that he was lying. clear 表示明白的，清楚的。指不模糊含混，易于觀察，了解和識(shí)別。 如：He seems clear about his plans. 17. marry 的用法： 1 她嫁給了一個(gè)律師。She married a doctor. 表示“和.結(jié)婚”，“

25、嫁.”，“娶.”時(shí)，marry為及物動(dòng)詞，要用marry sb.，而不用marry with sb. 2 她和一位律師結(jié)婚了。 She was married to a lawyer. 表示婚姻狀態(tài), 后接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)要用介詞to， 而不用with. 3 他們結(jié)婚三年了。They have been married for three years. 注意：marry和get married 都表示短暫行為 ，不能和表示一段時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)連用，而have been married則表示婚姻狀態(tài)，可以與表示婚姻狀態(tài)持續(xù)多久的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 18. set off: 動(dòng)身, 出發(fā); 使（地雷、炸彈）爆炸; 使

26、某物更有吸引力 相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：set about doing sth. 著手(做某事 set in 開始 set up建立，創(chuàng)立 set down寫下，記下 set somebody to do something. 使某人開始工作 set somebody doing something 使某人處于某種動(dòng)的狀態(tài) 高中英語(yǔ)必修三單詞及語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)總復(fù)習(xí)(1 Unit 1 Festivals around the world Exercise 1 據(jù)句意及所給單詞首字母或漢語(yǔ)意思完成下列句子. 1. -Do you need more milk? -No, thanks, theres p_ in the

27、 fridge. 2. Shes s_ herself to try to lose weight. 3. Nothing s_ him, hes always complaining (抱怨. 4. You f _ me to death suddenly shouting out by my ear. 5. I a_ him for his success in business. 6. The judge _ (判定both finalists (決賽者 equal points. 7. These books are _ (最喜歡的東西 of mine. 8. Christmas Da

28、y is a _ (宗教的 festival. 9. I made my _ (道歉 and left early. 10. I _ (原諒 her long ago. Exercise 2 根據(jù)句意, 用所給的詞或詞組的最恰當(dāng)形式填空(注意有多余選項(xiàng) have ones origin as, do (no harm ( to, lead to, have fun with, wait for, set off, set on, makeof , decorate with, take place, look forward to, play a trick on, in the shape

29、of, be proud of 1 He means _by saying what he thinks. 2 This misunderstanding _ a war between the two countries. 3 Sam used to be a spy _ a journalist. 4 The Spring Festival in China _ an activity to drive off the “Nian”, a wild beast. 5 Dont _ me; Im not a fool. 6 He ended the letter with “_ seeing

30、 you soon”. 7 The parents _ their childs success. 8 What time are you planning to _ tomorrow? 9 Father bought a Christmas tree _ coloured lights a week ago. 10 We have never discovered what _between the couple that day. 高中英語(yǔ)必修三單詞及語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)總復(fù)習(xí)(2 Unit 2 Healthy eating Exercise 1 據(jù)句意及所給單詞首字母或漢語(yǔ)意思完成下列句子. 1 Do

31、nt take some e_ exercise when you have caught a cold. 2 He gave in to c_ and opened the letter addressed to his classmate. 3 Tom would never a_ to being wrong. 4 Did Lucy m_ when she would come to see me? 5 Ive had the b_ of a good education. 6 Because they didnt reach any agreement, they had to mak

32、e a _(折中 decision. 7 He could do nothing but stand and _ (驚訝. 8 The subject has already been fully _（研究）. 9 Dao Lang is _ (受歡迎的 among the youth. 10 Hydrogen _(結(jié) 合 with oxygen to form water. Exercise 2 根據(jù)句意, 用所給的詞或詞組的最恰當(dāng)形式填空(注意有多余選項(xiàng) earn ones living, care about, are for, after all, above all, take pa

33、rk in, take the part of, success, avoid, long before, before long, feel fit, provide 1 Hes been ill for weeks and doesnt _ for work yet. 2 She _ by singing in a nightclub. 3 He was extremely angry yesterday and said he would not come back. But he returned today _. 4 How many countries will be _ the

34、games? 5 He _ Hamlet in the play. 6 I just stopped cycling to _ running over the cat in the street. 7 He wasnt _ as a teacher because of lacking of experience. 8 That sad thing had happened _. 9 All the woman _ their children. 10 The firm _ me with a car since I worked here. 高一英語(yǔ)必修3知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納（2） Unit 2 H

35、ealthy eating知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納 1.Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated. feeling very frustrated 現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ) eg.She sat on the chair reading a newspaper.(表伴隨 Walking in the street, she met her old friend.(表時(shí)間 Seeing no body at home , she decided to eat outside.(表原因 The child fell, striki

36、ng his head against the ground.(表結(jié)果 2. His restaurant ought to be full of people. Ought to 1 to show a moral duty 表示一種道義上的責(zé)任，應(yīng)該 Eg.She ought to look after her child better. Eg. You ought to study hard to get a high mark. 2ought to have done 表示本應(yīng)該，而卻沒(méi)有 Eg.You ought to have come yesterday. He thought

37、of his mutton kebabs, fatty pork cooked in the hottest, finest oil. 過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，表被動(dòng)。 = which were cooked in the hottest oil. Eg.The flowers picked by him are very beautiful. 4.Nothing could have been better.比較級(jí)與否定詞連用表示最高級(jí)。 = All his food could have been the best. Eg.I have never seen a better film.

38、There is nothing I like so much as playing football. 5.Tired of all that fat? Tired of 厭煩的 He is tired of doing the same thing all year round. Tired out 筋疲力盡 I was tired out when I finally reach the top of the mountain. Tired from 因而疲倦 I was very tied from running fast. 6. get away with sth./doing s

39、th. a不因某事而受懲罰。I wont have you getting away with cheating in the exam. b偷攜某物潛逃。The robbers robbed the bank and got away with a lot of money. c收到較輕的懲罰。He was so lucky to get away with a fine for such a serious mistake. 7.Perhas he would be able to earn his living after all and not have to close his re

40、staurant. earn ones living by =live by=make a living by靠謀生 eg. He earned his living by begging from door to door. 8.He didnt look forward to being in debt be cause his restaurant was no longer popular. Be in debt 欠債。 Be out of debt 還清債務(wù)。 Be in sb.s debt 欠某人人情。 Eg. Saving my life, I am forever in you

41、r debt. 9.She didnt look happy but glared at him. glare at 怒視，帶有敵意 Eg. “How could you do that？”he said, glaring at his mother. glance at 掃視 Eg.He glanced at his watch and left in a hurry. stare at 張大眼睛死死地盯著 Eg.She stared at him in surprise. 10. Yong Hui agreed to stay and soon they were both enjoyin

42、g the dumplings, fatty pork and cola. agree to (do sth. 表示“同意某事或某建議”，后只能跟表“提議，計(jì)劃，方案，打算，安排” Eg.He agreed to their proposal. He agreed to get someone to help us. agree with sb. 同意某人 Eg.I agree with every word you said. agree on sth. 表示在某事上取得一致的意見 Eg.They agreed on a date for the next meeting. 11.But d

43、ont you think it would be better if you were a bit thinner? 虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí)，條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式（be用were）， 而主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用would(should, could ,might+動(dòng)詞原形。 Eg. If I were you, I should study English better. If he had time, he would attend the meeting. 12. spy (v/n 監(jiān)視，偵查，看見，間諜 1 暗中監(jiān)視；偵查。 It is impolite to spy

44、into other peoples windows. 2 看見，發(fā)現(xiàn)。 He suddenly spied an old friend in the supermarket. 13.before long 和long before 1before long（介詞短語(yǔ)）在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，表示“不久以后，很快”。多與將來(lái)時(shí)或者過(guò)去時(shí)連用。 Eg. I shall visit you again before long. 2long before（副詞短語(yǔ)）表示“很久以前”，多與完成時(shí)連用。 Eg. He had taken a doctors degree long before. 3Before

45、不僅可以用作副詞，還可以用作介詞或者連詞，這時(shí)long before表示"早在之前". Eg. He had come to America long before the war. 用比較級(jí)形式表示最高級(jí)的意義Nothing could have been better 15. whether and if 的區(qū)別： 1 用于動(dòng)詞之后, 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可以互換。 2 if 不可以和 or not 直接連用而 whether可以。 3 whether to do eg. I don't know whether to answer it. 4 whether 可引導(dǎo)

46、同位語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)從句。 5 whether 可以放在句首引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句而if 不可以。 16.1 no more/no longer no more表示數(shù)量上或程度上“不再”. Eg. He is no more a student. no longer 表示時(shí)間上“不再”延續(xù). Eg. He is no longer young. 2 no more.than/not more.than no more.than .和.一樣不（兩者都否定） Eg. Xiao Li is no more diligent than John.小李不勤奮，約翰也不勤奮。 not more.than不如.(前者不如后者

47、 eg. Xiao Li is not more diligent than John.小李不如約翰勤奮 only to do sth. 表示一個(gè)與主語(yǔ)愿望相反的或出乎主語(yǔ)預(yù)料的結(jié)果,或用來(lái)暗示最初的未 能實(shí)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作。 Eg. For nearly three hours we waited for the decision, only to be told to come again the next day. only doing sth.表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞本身的動(dòng)作造成的結(jié)果。 Eg. He died, only leaving nothing but debts. Unit3 呵呵 希望對(duì)你

48、有所幫助 祝樓主進(jìn)步哈 一分類 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有四類： 只做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：must,can(could,may(might, 可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞又可做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：need,dare 可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞又可做助動(dòng)詞：shall(should,will(would ,ought to 具有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞特征：have(had,has to,used to 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表猜測(cè) 二位置 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定的詞義，但并不完整，必須與動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。 I can see you. Come here. 我能看見你，過(guò)來(lái)吧。 He must have been away. 他一定走了。 What can I do for you? 我能幫

49、你嗎？ How dare you treat us like that！ 你怎能那樣對(duì)待我們！ 三特點(diǎn) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化, 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面跟的動(dòng)詞需用原形,否定式構(gòu)成是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加 "not"。 個(gè)別情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式兩種形式, 過(guò)去式用來(lái)表達(dá)更加客氣, 委婉的語(yǔ)氣, 時(shí)態(tài)性不強(qiáng), 可用于過(guò)去，現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞屬非及物動(dòng)詞，故沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 He could be here soon. 他很快就來(lái)。 We can't carry the heavy box. 我們搬不動(dòng)那箱子。 I'm sorry I can't help you

50、. 對(duì)不起，我?guī)筒簧夏恪?基本助動(dòng)詞與情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞最主要的區(qū)別之一是，基本助動(dòng)詞本身沒(méi)有詞義，而情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞則有自己的詞義，能表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)有關(guān)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的看法，或表示主觀設(shè)想： What have you been doing since? （構(gòu)成完成進(jìn)行體，本身無(wú)詞義） I am afraid I must be going. （一定要） You may have read some account of the matter. （或許已經(jīng)） 除此之外，情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞還有如下詞法和句法特征： 1） 除ought和used以外，其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面只能接不帶to的不定式。如果我們把ought to和use

51、d to看做是固定詞組的話，那么，所有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)一例外地只能接不帶to的不定式： We used to grow beautiful roses. I asked if he would come and repair my television set. 2） 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞在限定動(dòng)詞詞組總是位居第一： They need not have been punished so severely. 3） 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞用于第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)候，沒(méi)有詞形變化，即其詞尾無(wú)-s形式： She dare not say what she thinks. 4） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有非限定形式，即沒(méi)有不定式和分詞形式，

52、也沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的動(dòng)名詞： Still, she needn't have run away. 5） 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的“時(shí)”的形式并不是時(shí)間區(qū)別的主要標(biāo)志。在不少場(chǎng)合，情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)形式都可以表 示現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)時(shí)間： Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something? She told him he ought not to have done it. 6） 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞之間是相互排斥的，即在一個(gè)限定動(dòng)詞詞組中只能出現(xiàn)一個(gè)情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞，但有時(shí)卻可以與have和be基本助動(dòng)詞連用： You should have washed

53、the wound. Well, you shouldn't be reading a novel. 四用法 首先它是動(dòng)詞，而且不同于行為動(dòng)詞，行為動(dòng)詞表示的是可以通過(guò)行為來(lái)表達(dá)的動(dòng)作（如寫，讀，跑），而情態(tài)動(dòng)詞只是表達(dá)的一種想法（如能，也許，敢）。 用法是：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+行為動(dòng)詞原形 例句：I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英語(yǔ)讀這句話。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是一種本身有一定的詞義,表示說(shuō)話人的情緒,態(tài)度或語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞,但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ), 只能和其他動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。 We can be there on time tomorrow.我們明天能按時(shí)去那兒。

54、 May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字嗎？ Shall we begin now?我們現(xiàn)在就開始嗎？ You must obey the school rules.你必須遵守校規(guī)。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞數(shù)量不多,但用途廣泛,主要有下列: can (could, may (might, must, need, ought to, dare (dared, shall (should, will (would,have (to ,had better. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞還有一個(gè)很重要的用法，即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法小結(jié) （一）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的三種句式 1.在肯定句中一般用must

55、 (一定，may（可能），might / could（也許，或許）。 （1）He must/may/might know the answer to this question? 他一定/可能/也許知道這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案。 （2）It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating. 屋里很冷，他們肯定把暖氣關(guān)了。 2.否定句中用cant / couldnt(不可能, may not/might not(可能不。 （1）It cant/couldnt be the headmaster. He has gone to Ameri

56、ca. 這不可能是校長(zhǎng)，他去美國(guó)了。 （2）He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也許不認(rèn)識(shí)那位科學(xué)家。 3.疑問(wèn)句中用can/could (能?。 （1）Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任務(wù)完成了嗎？ （2）Can he be at home now? 他現(xiàn)在能在家嗎？ 注：以上三種句式中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣按程度都是依次遞減的。Might, could并非may, can的過(guò)去式，而表示語(yǔ)氣較為委婉或可能性較小。 （二）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的三種時(shí)態(tài) 1.對(duì)將來(lái)情況的推測(cè)，用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞原形”。 （1）Sh

57、e must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也許到。 （2）She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone. 她一定/可能/也許會(huì)在山里一連走好幾英里而遇不到一個(gè)人。 2.對(duì)現(xiàn)在或一般情況的推測(cè)，用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be” ，“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +be doing”或“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞原形”。 （1）He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio

58、now. 他一定/可能/也許正在聽收音機(jī)。 （2）He cant ( couldnt / may ( might not be at home at this time. 這個(gè)時(shí)候他不可能/可能不在家。 （3）Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could he be late for the opening ceremony ? 布什先生一向準(zhǔn)時(shí)，這次開幕式他怎么可能遲到呢？ 3.對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have +過(guò)去分詞”。 （1）It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet. 地濕了，昨晚肯定/可能/也許下雨了。 （2）The door was locked. He can ( could not / may ( might not have