定語從句基礎(chǔ)知識講練輔導(dǎo)課件

1、The attributive clause安義中學(xué)安義中學(xué) 楊柳楊柳引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的用法：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的用法： that which who whom whose 1. 在從句中作主語或賓語，指人和物。在從句中作主語或賓語，指人和物。 A plane is a machine that can fly.The noodles that I ate were delicious.Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there.The girl that we saw yesterday is Jimsister.2.

2、在從句中作主語或賓語，指物。在從句中作主語或賓語，指物。They planted the trees which didnt need much water.The fish which we bought were not fresh.3. who whom 在從句中分別作主語和賓語，代指人在從句中分別作主語和賓語，代指人 (口口語中語中who也可作賓語也可作賓語)。The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.The boy who broke the window is called Michael. The

3、person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. Mr. Read is the professor to whom you should write.4. whose 在從句中作定語，指人或物在從句中作定語，指人或物Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week. This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of . This is the book whose cover is blue.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞whose還可以在

4、從句中與它所修飾的詞一起還可以在從句中與它所修飾的詞一起作介詞賓語作介詞賓語The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person.1. The earthquake_ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2. We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in 1906 earthquake3. The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in

5、the earthquake.which / thatwho/thatWhich/that4. A house _ is built on sand may fall down in a earthquake. 5. Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake .6. Harry is the boy _ mother is our maths teacher .which / thatwho/whom/thatwhose引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞的用法：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞的用法： why, when, w

6、here 1.where 表地點，只能跟在表示地點的名詞后，它在定表地點，只能跟在表示地點的名詞后，它在定語從句中做地點狀語語從句中做地點狀語This is the school where (=at which) I used to teach.What is the name of the town where (=in which) we stayed last night.2. when表示時間，只能跟在表時間的名詞后。表示時間，只能跟在表時間的名詞后。Tell me the time when the train leaves.I will never forget the day

7、when I joined the army.Do you remember the days which/that we spent on the farm?3. why表示原因，通常跟在表示原因，通常跟在reason后引導(dǎo)定語從句。后引導(dǎo)定語從句。I dont know the reason why he left here.1. Dorothy always spoke highly of her role in the play _ , of course, made the others unhappy.2. I shall never forget the days _ I liv

8、ed in the country with my parents.3. The factory _ his brother works lies in the south of the city.4. They took care of the old man _ son lost his life in the fire.5. I dont know the reason _ he didnt come.6. Is that the reason _ he gave to you?whichwhenwherewhosewhywhich7. Hangzhou is a city _ ther

9、e is a beautiful lake. Hangzhou is a city _ have a beautiful lake.8. This is the factory _ my father works. This is the factory _ we visited yesterday.9. I still remember the day _ I first came to Beijing. I still remember the day _ we spent together.wherewhich/thatwherewhich/thatwhenwhich/that that

10、和和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換在指物的情況下一般都可以互換, 但在下列情況下但在下列情況下, 一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.Ive read all the books that are not mine. This is the first book (that) he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him.(1) 先行詞為先行詞為all, everything, nothing, something,

11、anything, little, much 等不定代詞時。等不定代詞時。(2)先行詞被先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等等 修飾時。修飾時。(3)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾時。先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾時。(4)先行詞被先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時。修飾時。(5). 當(dāng)先行詞既包括人又包括物時當(dāng)先行詞既包括人又包括物時eg. They talked for about half an hour of things and persons that they remembered

12、 in the school.(6)如果兩個從句，其中一個關(guān)系代詞引用如果兩個從句，其中一個關(guān)系代詞引用which, 另一個用另一個用that 避避免重復(fù)。免重復(fù)。He built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.(7)主句是主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾其主語的定語從句用結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾其主語的定語從句用that.There is a book on the desk that belongs to Frank.(8)先行詞為先行詞為what, 關(guān)系代詞用關(guān)系代詞用that.What that

13、 is on the table belongs to me.有時為了避免重復(fù)而使用有時為了避免重復(fù)而使用that 引導(dǎo)的定語從句。引導(dǎo)的定語從句。Which is the car that hit the boy?Who was the man that she danced with?Compare the following pairs of sentences and find the differences between them.My daughter, who studies in the United States, rang me yesterday.My daughter

14、 who studies in the United states rang me yesterday.She told me something that happened yesterday.She told me something untrue, which made me angry. 限制性定語從句限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句表意表意起限定作用，若被省起限定作用，若被省去，原句意義不完整。去，原句意義不完整。起說明補(bǔ)充作用，若被起說明補(bǔ)充作用，若被省去，原句意義不受影省去，原句意義不受影響。響。功能功能修飾先行詞修飾先行詞修飾先行詞或整個主句修飾先行詞或整個主句

15、形式形式無逗號與主句分開無逗號與主句分開有逗號與主句分開有逗號與主句分開可以用可以用thatthat引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)不能用不能用thatthat引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)1. He gave me a pen he bought yesterday.2. He gave me a pen, which he bought yesterday.He changed his mind, which made me very angry.They rely on themsevles, which is much better.He has to work on Sundays, which he doesnt like.H

16、e is studying economics, which knowledge is very important today.Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned German.I passed him a large glass of whisky, which he drank immediately.Can you see a woman in a hat, whom Mr. Li is speaking to?Its a family of eight children, all of whom

17、are studying music.Weve tested three hundred types of boots, none of which is completed waterproof.He has two brothers, both of whom are living in Beijing.1. Do you remember the deer farm we visited two months ago? A. why B. when C. that D. how 2. Anyway, that evening, _ Ill tell you more about late

18、r, was really terrible. A. when B. where C. that D. which3. John said hed been working in the lab for an hour, _ was true. A. that B. whichC. whoD. what4. Anne always spoke highly of her colleagues in the movie, _, of course, made the others very happy. A. who B. whichC. thatD. what 5. Chongqing is

19、the city _ she lived when she was young. A. where B. whichC. whenD. how 6. Do you know the reasons _ he came back? A. how B. whichC. thatD. why 一、一、as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句主要結(jié)構(gòu)有：主要結(jié)構(gòu)有： the sameas; asas; suchas; soas主句中出現(xiàn)主句中出現(xiàn)the same, as, such, so修飾先行詞，需選擇修飾先行詞，需選擇as做關(guān)系代詞做關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做主語或賓語。在定語從句中做主語或賓語。1

20、.Its the same person as we wanted to find yesterday . 我們昨天要找的是同一個人。我們昨天要找的是同一個人。2.Do you have such books as we like ? 你有我們喜歡那種書嗎？你有我們喜歡那種書嗎？4.She will marry as healthy a man as she can find . 她將嫁給她能找到的任何一個有錢人。她將嫁給她能找到的任何一個有錢人。5.There is so warm a house as we want to live in . 這里有如此暖和的房子，我們都想住在里面。這里有

21、如此暖和的房子，我們都想住在里面。當(dāng)當(dāng) the same修飾先行詞時，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞可用修飾先行詞時，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞可用as, 也可用也可用that。用。用that表示他所引導(dǎo)的內(nèi)容與先行詞所講表示他所引導(dǎo)的內(nèi)容與先行詞所講的事物是同一個；用的事物是同一個；用as既可表示既可表示“同一同一”又可表示又可表示“同同類類”。This is the same bicycle that I have lost.這是我丟失的那輛自行車。這是我丟失的那輛自行車。This is the same bicycle as I have lost.這輛自行車跟我丟的那輛一樣。這輛自行車跟我丟的那輛

22、一樣。二、二、as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句 as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代整個主句內(nèi)容，從句可置于句首，句引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代整個主句內(nèi)容，從句可置于句首，句中或句尾中或句尾 1. As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history . 每個人都知道，中國是一個有著悠久歷史的美麗國家。 2.The earth , as we know , moves round the sun . 地球，我們都知道，圍著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 3.Tom works hard and is willing to hel

23、p others, as we all know. 湯母工作努力，并且樂于助人，這一點我們都知道。 非限制性定語從句中的謂語為被動式時，常用非限制性定語從句中的謂語為被動式時，常用as做主語做主語be said/known/announced/reported/mentioned/expected/discussed.As is known to all , TaiWan is part of China . as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有“如，似，正像如，似，正像”的含義，因此，下列的含義，因此，下列句式多用句式多用as as has been said above 如

24、上所說 as anybody can see 正像每個人所看到的那樣 as we had expected 正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣1.Things are not always as they appear. 事情并不一直像他們表面那樣。2.The boy has as much progress as we had expected. 正像我們所預(yù)料的那樣，這個男孩取得了大的進(jìn)步。關(guān)系代詞做介詞的賓語時關(guān)系代詞做介詞的賓語時(prepwhich/whom)關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞whom, which 在從句中做介詞賓語時，在從句中做介詞賓語時，可以和介詞一起放在先行詞和從句之間。為了可以和介詞一起放

25、在先行詞和從句之間。為了使關(guān)系代詞緊跟他所修飾的詞，也可以把介詞使關(guān)系代詞緊跟他所修飾的詞，也可以把介詞放在從句中有關(guān)動詞的后面。放在從句中有關(guān)動詞的后面。The athlete to whom you talked is a famous runner.b. 含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，借此仍放含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，借此仍放在動詞之后。在動詞之后。a. Is this the watch which he is looking for？c. 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞that 在從句中做介詞賓語時，在從句中做介詞賓語時，介詞不能放在它的前面，只能放在從句介詞不能放在它的前面，只能放在從句中有

26、關(guān)動詞的后面中有關(guān)動詞的后面The city that she lives in is very far away.d. 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞whose 也可以在從句中與它也可以在從句中與它所修飾的名詞一起做介賓短語所修飾的名詞一起做介賓短語The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person.限定性定語從句中，引導(dǎo)詞的省略限定性定語從句中，引導(dǎo)詞的省略1、關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時可被省略。、關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時可被省略。I like the book you gave me yesterday.2、關(guān)系代詞在定語從句