數(shù)學(xué)建模專業(yè)詞匯

1、算法常用術(shù)語中英對(duì)照算法常用術(shù)語中英對(duì)照 Data Structures 基本數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu) Dictionaries 字典 Priority Queues 堆 Graph Data Structures 圖 Set Data Structures 集合 Kd-Trees 線段樹 Numerical Problems 數(shù)值問題 Solving Linear Equations 線性方程組 Bandwidth Reduction 帶寬壓縮 Matrix Multiplication 矩陣乘法 Determinants and Permanents 行列式 Constrained and Unconst

2、rained Optimization 最值問題 Linear Programming 線性規(guī)劃 Random Number Generation 隨機(jī)數(shù)生成 Factoring and Primality Testing 因子分解/質(zhì)數(shù)判定 Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic 高精度計(jì)算 Knapsack Problem 背包問題 Discrete Fourier Transform 離散Fourier變換 Combinatorial Problems 組合問題 Sorting 排序 Searching 查找 Median and Selection 中位數(shù) Gen

3、erating Permutations 排列生成 Generating Subsets 子集生成 Generating Partitions 劃分生成 Generating Graphs 圖的生成 Calendrical Calculations 日期 Job Scheduling 工程安排 Satisfiability 可滿足性 Graph Problems - polynomial 圖論-多項(xiàng)式算法 Connected Components 連通分支 Topological Sorting 拓?fù)渑判?Minimum Spanning Tree 最小生成樹 Shortest Path 最短

4、路徑 Transitive Closure and Reduction 傳遞閉包 Matching 匹配 Eulerian Cycle / Chinese Postman Euler回路/中國郵路 Edge and Vertex Connectivity 割邊/割點(diǎn) Network Flow 網(wǎng)絡(luò)流 Drawing Graphs Nicely 圖的描繪 Drawing Trees 樹的描繪 Planarity Detection and Embedding 平面性檢測(cè)和嵌入 Graph Problems - hard 圖論-NP問題 Clique 最大團(tuán) Independent Set 獨(dú)立集

5、 Vertex Cover 點(diǎn)覆蓋 Traveling Salesman Problem 旅行商問題 Hamiltonian Cycle Hamilton回路 Graph Partition 圖的劃分 Vertex Coloring 點(diǎn)染色 Edge Coloring 邊染色 Graph Isomorphism 同構(gòu) Steiner Tree Steiner樹 Feedback Edge/Vertex Set 最大無環(huán)子圖 Computational Geometry 計(jì)算幾何 Convex Hull 凸包 Triangulation 三角剖分 Voronoi Diagrams Voronoi

6、圖 Nearest Neighbor Search 最近點(diǎn)對(duì)查詢 Range Search 范圍查詢 Point Location 位置查詢 Intersection Detection 碰撞測(cè)試 Bin Packing 裝箱問題 Medial-Axis Transformation 中軸變換 Polygon Partitioning 多邊形分割 Simplifying Polygons 多邊形化簡(jiǎn) Shape Similarity 相似多邊形 Motion Planning 運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)劃 Maintaining Line Arrangements 平面分割 Minkowski Sum Minko

7、wski和 Set and String Problems 集合與串的問題 Set Cover 集合覆蓋 Set Packing 集合配置 String Matching 模式匹配 Approximate String Matching 模糊匹配 Text Compression 壓縮 Cryptography 密碼 Finite State Machine Minimization 有窮自動(dòng)機(jī)簡(jiǎn)化 Longest Common Substring 最長公共子串 Shortest Common Superstring 最短公共父串 robustness 魯棒性rate of convergen

8、ce 收斂速度數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)方面數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)基本英語詞匯數(shù)據(jù)抽象 data abstraction數(shù)據(jù)元素 data element數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)象 data object數(shù)據(jù)項(xiàng) data item數(shù)據(jù)類型 data type 抽象數(shù)據(jù)類型 abstract data type邏輯結(jié)構(gòu) logical structure物理結(jié)構(gòu) phyical structure線性結(jié)構(gòu) linear structure非線性結(jié)構(gòu) nonlinear structure基本數(shù)據(jù)類型 atomic data type固定聚合數(shù)據(jù)類型 fixed-aggregate data type可變聚合數(shù)據(jù)類型 variable-aggre

9、gate data type線性表 linear list 棧 stack隊(duì)列 queue串 string 數(shù)組 array樹 tree圖 grabh查找，線索 searching更新 updating排序（分類 sorting插入 insertion刪除 deletion前趨 predecessor后繼 successor直接前趨 immediate predecessor直接后繼 immediate successor雙端列表 deque(double-ended queue循環(huán)隊(duì)列 cirular queue指針 pointer先進(jìn)先出表（隊(duì)列）first-in first-out li

10、st后進(jìn)先出表（隊(duì)列）last-in first-out list棧底 bottom棧定 top壓入 push彈出 pop隊(duì)頭 front隊(duì)尾 rear上溢 overflow下溢 underflow數(shù)組 array矩陣 matrix多維數(shù)組 multi-dimentional array以行為主的順序分配 row major order以列為主的順序分配 column major order三角矩陣 truangular matrix對(duì)稱矩陣 symmetric matrix稀疏矩陣 sparse matrix轉(zhuǎn)置矩陣 transposed matrix鏈表 linked list 線性鏈表

11、linear linked list 單鏈表 single linked list 多重鏈表 multilinked list 循環(huán)鏈表 circular linked list 雙向鏈表 doubly linked list 十字鏈表 orthogonal list廣義表 generalized list鏈 link 指針域 pointer field 鏈域 link field 頭結(jié)點(diǎn) head node頭指針 head pointer尾指針 tail pointer串 string空白（空格）串 blank string空串（零串）null string 子串 substring樹 tr

12、ee子樹 subtree森林 forest根 root葉子 leaf結(jié)點(diǎn) node 深度 depth層次 level雙親 parents孩子 children兄弟 brother祖先 ancestor子孫 descentdant二叉樹 binary tree平衡二叉樹 banlanced binary tree滿二叉樹 full binary tree完全二叉樹 complete binary tree遍歷二叉樹 traversing binary tree二叉排序樹 binary sort tree二叉查找樹 binary search tree線索二叉樹 threaded binary t

13、ree哈夫曼樹 Huffman tree有序數(shù) ordered tree無序數(shù) unordered tree判定樹 decision tree雙鏈樹 doubly linked tree數(shù)字查找樹 digital search tree樹的遍歷 traversal of tree先序遍歷 preorder traversal 中序遍歷 inorder traversal 后序遍歷 postorder traversal圖 graph子圖 subgraph有向圖 digraph(directed graph無向圖 undigraph(undirected graph完全圖 complete gr

14、aph連通圖 connected graph非連通圖 unconnected graph強(qiáng)連通圖 strongly connected graph 弱連通圖 weakly connected graph加權(quán)圖 weighted graph有向無環(huán)圖 directed acyclic graph稀疏圖 spares graph稠密圖 dense graph重連通圖 biconnected graph二部圖 bipartite graph邊 edge頂點(diǎn) vertex弧 arc路徑 path回路（環(huán)）cycle弧頭 head弧尾 tail源點(diǎn) source終點(diǎn) destination匯點(diǎn) sink

15、 權(quán) weight連接點(diǎn) articulation point初始結(jié)點(diǎn) initial node終端結(jié)點(diǎn) terminal node相鄰邊 adjacent edge相鄰頂點(diǎn) adjacent vertex關(guān)聯(lián)邊 incident edge入度 indegree出度 outdegree最短路徑 shortest path有序?qū)?ordered pair 無序?qū)?unordered pair簡(jiǎn)單路徑 simple path簡(jiǎn)單回路 simple cycle連通分量 connected component鄰接矩陣 adjacency matrix鄰接表 adjacency list鄰接多重表 ad

16、jacency multilist遍歷圖 traversing graph生成樹 spanning tree最?。ù鷥r(jià)）生成樹 minimum(costspanning tree生成森林 spanning forest拓?fù)渑判?topological sort 偏序 partical order拓?fù)溆行?topological orderAOV網(wǎng) activity on vertex networkAOE網(wǎng) activity on edge network關(guān)鍵路徑 critical path匹配 matching最大匹配 maximum matching增廣路徑 augmenting path

17、增廣路徑圖 augmenting path graph查找 searching線性查找（順序查找）linear search (sequential search二分查找 binary search分塊查找 block search散列查找 hash search 平均查找長度 average search length散列表 hash table散列函數(shù) hash funticion直接定址法 immediately allocating method數(shù)字分析法 digital analysis method平方取中法 mid-square method折疊法 folding method除

18、法 division method隨機(jī)數(shù)法 random number method排序 sort內(nèi)部排序 internal sort外部排序 external sort插入排序 insertion sort隨小增量排序 diminishing increment sort選擇排序 selection sort堆排序 heap sort快速排序 quick sort歸并排序 merge sort基數(shù)排序 radix sort外部排序 external sort平衡歸并排序 balance merging sort二路平衡歸并排序 balance two-way merging sort多步歸并排序