國際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)英漢雙語課件第7章 insurance

1、International trade practice主講：劉偉良主講：劉偉良TelTel：1392243943713922439437QQQQ：10472051221047205122Chapter 7 Ocean Marine Cargo Insurance1/491.Overview of Ocean Marine Insurance2.Need for Insurance3.Coverage of Ocean Marine Cargo Insurance4.Fundamental Principles of Cargo Insurance5.Main Categories of Ge

2、neral Cargo Insurance6.Choice of the Right Coverage7.Institute of London Underwriters8.Major Types of Insurance Policy9.Warranties10. Assignment of the Insurance Policy11. Premium12. Cargo Insurance Claims保險(xiǎn)是指投保人根據(jù)合同約定，向保險(xiǎn)人支付保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)，保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)于合同約定的可能發(fā)生的事故因其發(fā)生所造成的財(cái)產(chǎn)損失承擔(dān)賠償保險(xiǎn)金責(zé)任，或者當(dāng)被保險(xiǎn)人死亡、傷殘、疾病或者達(dá)到合同約定的年齡、期限等條件

3、時(shí)承擔(dān)給付保險(xiǎn)金責(zé)任的商業(yè)保險(xiǎn)行為。（中國保險(xiǎn)法）P149-1. Overview of Ocean Marine Insurance2/49Insurance is a contract whereby one party, in consideration of a premium paid, undertakes to indemnify the other party against loss from certain perils or risks to which the subject matter insured may be exposed to.Insurance4/49F

4、undamental Principles of Cargo Insurance1) Insurable interest - 可保利益原則Insurable means the person insuring must have the absolute ownership of the subject matter insured. Interest means that the person insuring must be the one who stands to bear some financial loss if the risk materializes.P152-保險(xiǎn)利益原

5、則指被保險(xiǎn)人與保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的物之間應(yīng)具有利害關(guān)系。被保險(xiǎn)人向保險(xiǎn)人提出索賠時(shí)，須證明自己同保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的物有明確的利害關(guān)系。然而，現(xiàn)實(shí)中，保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)被保險(xiǎn)人的預(yù)期利益允予承保。如，買方對(duì)FOB、CFR條件下的貨物可以預(yù)先安排保險(xiǎn)。n Insurable interest will be transferred from the seller to the buyer in intl trade through the transfer of insurance policy or certificate.n The time of transferring insurable interest from t

6、he seller to the buyer is the time the seller endorses the insurance policy or certificate to the buyer.5/492) Utmost good faith - 最大誠信The principle of utmost good faith implies into each insurance contract a requirement to act with the highest degree of integrity towards the other party, to be full

7、 and frank in disclosure and to act with fairness. Utmost good faith is usually divided into three components: representations, concealments, and warranties.P152-訂立保險(xiǎn)合同時(shí)，雙方須本著最大的誠信，把各自作為訂約依據(jù)的主要條件真實(shí)地、毫不保留地告訴對(duì)方，以便讓雙方?jīng)Q定是否簽約?，F(xiàn)實(shí)中，關(guān)鍵在于被保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)保險(xiǎn)人的誠信。 被保險(xiǎn)人的對(duì)保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的物的陳述必須真實(shí)，否則，保險(xiǎn)人有權(quán)解除合同。而對(duì)事實(shí)的陳述只要“基本正確”，表示期望或信心的陳述

8、只要是善意，即視為真實(shí)。 被保險(xiǎn)人必須披露重要事實(shí)，否則保險(xiǎn)人有權(quán)解除合同。 被保險(xiǎn)人不得違反保證。被保險(xiǎn)人保證對(duì)某一事項(xiàng)的作為或不作為，或保證某種情況的存在或不存在。否則，不論被保險(xiǎn)人是否有過錯(cuò)，保險(xiǎn)人均可解除合同，或要求修改承保條件，增加保費(fèi)，等等。6/493) Indemnity - 補(bǔ)償補(bǔ)償The principle behind indemnity is a financial restoration to a level just before the accident or injury or illegal act. The assured should not profit

9、from insurance and he should be in the same financial position after the loss as before the insured event takes place.P153-賠償金額以被保險(xiǎn)人在保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的中所具有的保險(xiǎn)利益金額為限。保險(xiǎn)人的賠償不應(yīng)使被保險(xiǎn)人因保險(xiǎn)賠償而獲得額外利益。即，保險(xiǎn)的賠償是使被保險(xiǎn)人在遭受損失后，經(jīng)過補(bǔ)償能恢復(fù)到他受損前的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀態(tài)，而不是使被保險(xiǎn)人通過補(bǔ)償而獲得額外利益。7/494) Proximate Cause - 近因近因Proximate cause refers to the first

10、peril in a chain of events that result in a loss. Most property insurance policies require an insured peril to be the immediate or proximate cause of a loss for coverage to apply. The loss must be a direct result of an insured peril.P154-n 保險(xiǎn)人只對(duì)承保風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的損失之間有直接因果關(guān)系的損失負(fù)賠償責(zé)任。n 在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的損失關(guān)系中，若近因?qū)儆诒槐ｏL(fēng)險(xiǎn)，

11、保險(xiǎn)人應(yīng)負(fù)賠償責(zé)任；近因?qū)儆诔怙L(fēng)險(xiǎn)或未保風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，則保險(xiǎn)人不負(fù)賠償責(zé)任。n 近因，是指在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和損失之間，導(dǎo)致?lián)p失的最直接、最有效、起決定作用的原因，而不是指在時(shí)間上或空間上最接近的原因。n例如,貨輪買了平安險(xiǎn)，平安險(xiǎn)只陪貨物全損，共同海損，和意外事故造成的單獨(dú)海損。結(jié)果，這貨輪在海上先遇觸礁，再遇風(fēng)暴，然后被海盜搶劫，發(fā)生海戰(zhàn)，導(dǎo)致貨物部分破壞和丟失。這個(gè)損失，保險(xiǎn)公司賠不賠？分析：保險(xiǎn)公司會(huì)先調(diào)查近因，如果該部分貨物損失時(shí)由于觸礁造成的，或者觸礁后的風(fēng)暴造成的，則賠償。被海盜搶走的或打爛的，不賠。8/495) Subrogation 代位代位Subrogation means that whe

12、n an underwriter has paid a loss under his policy, he is entitled to place himself in the position of the assured to take over all rights of the assured in respect of the loss he has paid such as the title to the subject matter insured and the right in a law suit in case of an accident like a car co

13、llision or ship collision, for instance.P154-代位又稱代位求償權(quán)，是指被保險(xiǎn)貨物發(fā)生保險(xiǎn)事故遭受損失，依法律或約定應(yīng)由第三人負(fù)責(zé)賠償時(shí)，被保險(xiǎn)人從保險(xiǎn)人處取得保險(xiǎn)賠償時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)把對(duì)該第三人的損害賠償請(qǐng)求權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓給保險(xiǎn)人，由保險(xiǎn)人行使被保險(xiǎn)人的追索權(quán)利。承保范圍風(fēng)險(xiǎn)損失費(fèi)用海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn)外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)自然災(zāi)害意外事故一般外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)特殊外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)全部損失部分損失實(shí)際全損推定全損共同海損單獨(dú)海損施救費(fèi)用救助費(fèi)用9/493. Coverage of Ocean Marine Cargo InsuranceP150-Perils of the sea海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Extraneous

14、risks外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Fortuitous accidents意外事故General extraneous risks 一般外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Special extraneous risks 特殊外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)1）Risks 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)10/49Natural calamities自然災(zāi)害P150-海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn)又稱海難，一般指船舶或貨物在海上運(yùn)輸過程中發(fā)生或隨附海上運(yùn)輸發(fā)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，包括：自然災(zāi)害和意外事故。11/49Perils of the sea - 海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn)海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn)PERILS OF THE SEA: Fortuitous accidents or casualties, peculiar to transpor

15、tation on a navigable water, such as stranding, sinking, collision of the vessel, or any other hazards resulting from the unique environment of the sea. They include Natural calamities and Fortuitous accidents. Natural calamities: earthquake, hurricane, thunderstorm, and etc. 自然災(zāi)害：指不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移的自然界力量所引

16、起的災(zāi)害，如惡劣氣候、雷電、海嘯、地震或火山爆等人力不可抗力。 Fortuitous accidents: fire, smoking, stranding, sinking, collision, and etc.意外事故：因偶然的非預(yù)料的原因所造成的事故。指：意外擱淺；觸礁；沉沒；碰撞；失蹤；火災(zāi)；爆炸等。P150-General extraneous risks: theft, pilferage, rain damage, shortage, breakage, etc. (一般外來險(xiǎn)：被保險(xiǎn)貨物在運(yùn)輸途中因偷竊、串味等外來原因所造成的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 如：盜竊；玷污；滲漏；破碎；潮受熱)。 S

17、pecial extraneous risks: strike, war, failure to deliver, etc. (特殊外來險(xiǎn)：因軍事、政治、政策法令及行政措施等特殊外來原因所造成的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與損失。如：戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、罷工、交貨不到、沒收等)。12/49Extraneous risks - 外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Extraneous risks are the ones that are resulted from any causes other than the perils of the sea. They include General risks and Special risks.外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

18、海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以外的其他外來原因所造成的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，包括一般外來險(xiǎn)和特殊外來險(xiǎn)。 P150-Total Loss全部損失Partial Loss部分損失Actual Total Loss實(shí)際全損Constructive Total Loss推定全損General Average共同海損Particular Average單獨(dú)海損13/49P150-2）Marine Losses 海上損失海上損失海上損失指被保險(xiǎn)貨物在海洋運(yùn)輸中，因遭受海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn)而引起的損失，包括：全部損失和部分損失。14/49P150-Marine Losses - 海上損失海上損失Marine losses refer to the on

19、es that are caused to the insured cargo during sea transport by the perils of the sea. They include Total Loss and Partial Loss.Actual total loss (實(shí)際全損) means the non-existence of the insured cargo in value.Constructive total loss (推定全損) is declared when the insured cargo becomes useless for practic

20、al purposes, or it has been damaged to such an extent that the cost of repairs or proceeding shipment to the destination will be equal to or even greater than the value of itself.15/49P150-Total Loss: Destruction of the insured cargo to the extent that nothing of value is left and the item cannot be

21、 repaired/rebuilt to its pre-destruction state. They include Actual total loss and Constructive total loss.Total Loss - 全部損失全部損失全部損失簡(jiǎn)稱全損，指保險(xiǎn)貨物遭全部損失，包括：實(shí)際全損；推定全損。 General Average (共同海損) a sacrifice made for the common safety of both the cargo and the ship. It must be a partial, deliberate and reasona

22、ble sacrifice undertaken for the common safety of the adventure in time of peril.Particular Average (單獨(dú)海損) - a loss at sea, as through accident or negligence粗心大意, that is borne solely by the owner of the lost or damaged property. it must be caused by accident or negligence rather than deliberate act

23、ion. 16/49P150-Partial Loss - 部分損失部分損失Partial loss means the total loss of part of the insured cargo or damage to all or part of the insured cargo. They include General average & Particular average.部分損失指未達(dá)到全部損失程度，貨物的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值沒有完全喪失，不屬于實(shí)際全損和推定全損的損失，包括：共同海損；單獨(dú)海損。 Requirements for General Average 確有危及船舶

24、、貨物和其他財(cái)產(chǎn)的迫切的確有危及船舶、貨物和其他財(cái)產(chǎn)的迫切的“共同危險(xiǎn)共同危險(xiǎn)”n 存在真實(shí)的危險(xiǎn)，即存在危及船、貨的客觀事實(shí)。主觀臆測(cè)的危險(xiǎn)不是真正的危險(xiǎn)，因錯(cuò)誤判斷而采取的措施不屬于共同海損行為。n 危險(xiǎn)是同一海上航程中的船貨共同面臨的，即當(dāng)危險(xiǎn)發(fā)生時(shí)危及船貨的共同安全，若不及時(shí)采取，船舶和貨物都有滅失或損壞的危險(xiǎn)。 采取的措施必須是有意、合理且有效的采取的措施必須是有意、合理且有效的n “有意”，指共同海損的發(fā)生是人為的結(jié)果，而非意外造成的損失。n “合理”，指本著以最小犧牲換取船、貨安全的原則而采取的措施。n “有效”，指船長等所采取的措施達(dá)到了使船、貨脫離危險(xiǎn)的目的，勞而無功等未能避

25、免損失的措施，就失去了作出共同海損的意義。 作出的犧牲和支付的費(fèi)用必須是非常的作出的犧牲和支付的費(fèi)用必須是非常的“非?！保笧榱斯餐踩?，船長等人員采取措施所造成的犧牲、費(fèi)用超出正常范圍，屬于特殊的或額外的費(fèi)用。 17/49 Sue and labor expenses(施救費(fèi)用): Expenses resulted from measures taken by the insured or his agent to prevent him from suffering further losses. Salvage charges(救助費(fèi)用): Charges for actions ta

26、ken by those other than the insured, the carrier and the insurer, who come to salvage the ship and the consignments.18/493) Expenses - 費(fèi)用費(fèi)用Expenses will be incurred in reducing the loss of the subject matter insured either by the assured himself or a party other than the insurer and/or the assured.

27、They include Sue & Labor Expenses, and Salvage Charges海上貨運(yùn)保險(xiǎn)的費(fèi)用指為營救被保險(xiǎn)貨物所支出的費(fèi)用，主要有：施救費(fèi)用；救助費(fèi)用。P151-n例1：棉花著火，為了滅火，把附近的衣服淋濕了，衣服損失算什么費(fèi)用？nSue and labor expensesn例2：棉花著火，為了快速滅火，把門鎖踢壞了，門鎖損失算什么費(fèi)用？nSue and labor expensesn例3：船著火，附近船只過來救援，用水槍滅火，水槍的使用費(fèi)，算什么費(fèi)用？nSalvage charges海輪的艙面上裝有1000臺(tái)拖拉機(jī)，航行中遇大風(fēng)浪襲擊，450臺(tái)拖拉

28、機(jī)被卷入海中，海輪嚴(yán)重傾斜，如不立即采取措施，則有翻船危險(xiǎn)，船長下令將余下550臺(tái)拖拉機(jī)全部拋入海中，最后才使得船及船上的其他貨物得救。問：這1000臺(tái)拖拉機(jī)的損失屬于單獨(dú)海損還是共同海損？19/49Case Studyn450臺(tái)單獨(dú)海損，550臺(tái)共同海損Main Categories 險(xiǎn)別Basic Coverages 基本險(xiǎn)（主險(xiǎn)）Additional Coverages附加險(xiǎn)F.P.A.-平安險(xiǎn)General additional 一般附加險(xiǎn)Special additional 特殊附加險(xiǎn)W.P.A.-水漬險(xiǎn)A.R.- 一切險(xiǎn)20/495. Main Categories of Gene

29、ral Cargo InsuranceP154-1) China Insurance Clauses CICnFree from Particular Average / F.P.A. (平安險(xiǎn)平安險(xiǎn))nprovides coverage only for general average and total loss of cargo together with ship or aircraft.n保險(xiǎn)人原則上原則上僅對(duì)發(fā)生的全部損失及共同海損承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。（另加意外事故造成的單獨(dú)海損。）P88-在運(yùn)輸過程中，由于自然災(zāi)害和運(yùn)輸工具發(fā)生意外事故，造成被保險(xiǎn)貨物的實(shí)際全損和推定全損；因運(yùn)輸工具遭

30、遇擱淺、觸礁、沉沒、互撞、與流冰或其他物體碰撞及滅失、爆炸等意外事故造成被保險(xiǎn)貨物的全部或部分損失。只要運(yùn)輸工具曾發(fā)生擱淺、觸礁、沉沒、焚毀等意外事故（不論是否這種意外事故發(fā)生前或后曾在海上遭遇惡劣氣候、雷電、海嘯等自然災(zāi)害），造成的被保險(xiǎn)貨物的部分損失。在裝卸轉(zhuǎn)船時(shí)被保險(xiǎn)貨物一件或數(shù)件落海所造成的全部或部分損失。FPA Coverage24/49P88- 被保險(xiǎn)貨物對(duì)遭受承保責(zé)任內(nèi)危險(xiǎn)的貨物采取搶救、防止或減少損失的措施而支付的合理費(fèi)用，但不得超過該批被救貨物的保險(xiǎn)金額。 運(yùn)輸工具遭遇自然災(zāi)害或意外事故，需在中途的港口或在避難港?？?，因而引起的卸貨、裝貨、存?zhèn)}及運(yùn)送貨物所產(chǎn)生的特別費(fèi)用。 發(fā)

31、生共同海損所引起的犧牲、分?jǐn)傎M(fèi)用和救助費(fèi)用。 運(yùn)輸契約訂有“船舶互撞條款”，按該條款應(yīng)由貨主償還船方損失。 FPA Coverage24/49Basic Coverages - 基本險(xiǎn)基本險(xiǎn)(主險(xiǎn)主險(xiǎn))21/49P155- With Particular Average / W.P.A. (水漬險(xiǎn)水漬險(xiǎn))n provides cover against all loss or damage due to marine perils or perils of sea including partial loss or damage.n 承保責(zé)任除包括平安險(xiǎn)責(zé)任外，還負(fù)責(zé)賠償因惡劣氣候引發(fā)的被保險(xiǎn)

32、貨物的部分損失。 All Risks / A.R. (一切險(xiǎn)一切險(xiǎn))n provides protection against risks covered by FPA and WPA as well as general extraneous risks. n 責(zé)任范圍除包括平安險(xiǎn)和水漬險(xiǎn)的所有責(zé)任外，還包括貨物在運(yùn)輸中因一般外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)導(dǎo)致的損失（但不包括特殊風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的損失）。 23/49F.P.A.W.P.A.Particular Average（自然災(zāi)害導(dǎo)致）General extraneous risksAll RisksTotal Loss + General Average+意外事故造成

33、particular averageCIC Coverage ChartP155-Special extraneous risksSpecial additional coverageGeneral additional coverage Free from Particular Average / F.P.A. (平安險(xiǎn)平安險(xiǎn))n provides coverage only for general average and total loss of cargo together with ship or aircraft.n 保險(xiǎn)人原則上原則上僅對(duì)發(fā)生的全部損失及共同海損承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。（另

34、加意外事故造成的單獨(dú)海損。）Basic Coverages - 基本險(xiǎn)基本險(xiǎn)(主險(xiǎn)主險(xiǎn)) With Particular Average / W.P.A. (水漬險(xiǎn)水漬險(xiǎn))n provides cover against all loss or damage due to marine perils or perils of sea including partial loss or damage.n 承保責(zé)任除包括平安險(xiǎn)責(zé)任外，還負(fù)責(zé)賠償因惡劣氣候引發(fā)的被保險(xiǎn)貨物的部分損失。即FPA加海上自然災(zāi)害導(dǎo)致的單獨(dú)海損。 All Risks / A.R. (一切險(xiǎn)一切險(xiǎn))n provides pro

35、tection against risks covered by FPA and WPA as well as general extraneous risks. n 責(zé)任范圍除包括平安險(xiǎn)和水漬險(xiǎn)的所有責(zé)任外，還包括貨物在運(yùn)輸中因一般外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)導(dǎo)致的損失（但不包括特殊風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的損失）。 Special additional coverage（特殊附加險(xiǎn)）n Provides protection against special extraneous risks including: Failure to Deliver, Import Duty, On Deck, Rejection, Aflato

36、xin, War Risks, Strike Risks, and Fire Risk Extension Clause, F.R.E.C.-for Storage of Cargo at Destination Hong Kong, including Kowloon, or Macao （交貨不到險(xiǎn)；進(jìn)口關(guān)稅險(xiǎn)；倉面險(xiǎn)；進(jìn)口拒收險(xiǎn)；黃曲霉素險(xiǎn)；戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)；罷工險(xiǎn)；港澳存?zhèn)}火險(xiǎn)責(zé)任擴(kuò)展條款）。 22/49Additional Coverages - 附加險(xiǎn)附加險(xiǎn)General additional coverage（一般附加險(xiǎn)）n Provides protection against gene

37、ral extraneous risks including: Theft, Pilferage偷竊 and Non-delivery (T.P.N.D), Fresh Water and/or Rain Damage, Shortage, Leakage, Intermixture and Contamination玷污, Clash破損 and Breakage, Taint傳染 of Odor, Sweating and Heating, Hook Damage, Breakage of Packing, and Risk of Rust（偷竊/提貨不著險(xiǎn)；淡水雨淋險(xiǎn)；短量險(xiǎn)；滲漏險(xiǎn)；混

38、雜、沾污險(xiǎn)；碰損/破碎險(xiǎn)；串味險(xiǎn)；受熱受潮險(xiǎn)；鉤損險(xiǎn)；包裝破損險(xiǎn)；銹損險(xiǎn)）。P156-n我方向澳大利亞出口坯布我方向澳大利亞出口坯布100100包。我方按包。我方按合同規(guī)定投保水漬險(xiǎn)。貨物在海上運(yùn)輸途合同規(guī)定投保水漬險(xiǎn)。貨物在海上運(yùn)輸途中因艙內(nèi)食用水管漏水，致使該坯布中的中因艙內(nèi)食用水管漏水，致使該坯布中的3030包浸有水漬。請(qǐng)問：對(duì)此損失應(yīng)向保險(xiǎn)包浸有水漬。請(qǐng)問：對(duì)此損失應(yīng)向保險(xiǎn)公司索賠還是向船公司索賠？公司索賠還是向船公司索賠？分析：食用水管漏水是淡水雨淋險(xiǎn)，屬于一般附分析：食用水管漏水是淡水雨淋險(xiǎn)，屬于一般附加險(xiǎn)，不屬于水漬險(xiǎn)承保范圍加險(xiǎn)，不屬于水漬險(xiǎn)承保范圍, ,應(yīng)向船公司索應(yīng)向船公司

39、索賠賠n上海某單位以上海某單位以CIFCIF條件從國外進(jìn)口某貨條件從國外進(jìn)口某貨物一批，賣方已代辦了一切險(xiǎn)。該批物一批，賣方已代辦了一切險(xiǎn)。該批貨物在上海卸貨后，當(dāng)晚在碼頭被偷貨物在上海卸貨后，當(dāng)晚在碼頭被偷竊。買方能否向保險(xiǎn)公司要求賠償？竊。買方能否向保險(xiǎn)公司要求賠償？n分析：偷竊提貨不著險(xiǎn)，屬于一切險(xiǎn)的分析：偷竊提貨不著險(xiǎn)，屬于一切險(xiǎn)的承保范圍，可以向保險(xiǎn)公司索賠。承保范圍，可以向保險(xiǎn)公司索賠。n我國某公司按我國某公司按CIFCIF條件向中東某國出口一條件向中東某國出口一批貨物，根據(jù)合同投保了水漬險(xiǎn)附加偷竊批貨物，根據(jù)合同投保了水漬險(xiǎn)附加偷竊提貨不著險(xiǎn)。但在海運(yùn)途中，因兩伊戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)提貨不著險(xiǎn)。

40、但在海運(yùn)途中，因兩伊戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)船被扣押，爾后進(jìn)口商因提貨不著便向我船被扣押，爾后進(jìn)口商因提貨不著便向我保險(xiǎn)公司進(jìn)行索賠，我保險(xiǎn)公司認(rèn)為不屬保險(xiǎn)公司進(jìn)行索賠，我保險(xiǎn)公司認(rèn)為不屬于保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任范圍，不予賠償。請(qǐng)分析是否于保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任范圍，不予賠償。請(qǐng)分析是否賠償賠償, ,為什么？為什么？n戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)是特殊附加險(xiǎn)n國內(nèi)某公司向銀行申請(qǐng)開立信用證，以國內(nèi)某公司向銀行申請(qǐng)開立信用證，以CIFCIF條件向法國采購奶酪條件向法國采購奶酪3 3公噸，價(jià)值公噸，價(jià)值3 3萬萬美元，提單已經(jīng)收到，但貨輪到達(dá)目的美元，提單已經(jīng)收到，但貨輪到達(dá)目的港后卻無貨可提。經(jīng)查，該輪在航行中港后卻無貨可提。經(jīng)查，該輪在航行中因遇暴風(fēng)雨襲擊因遇暴

41、風(fēng)雨襲擊( (我方僅投水漬險(xiǎn)我方僅投水漬險(xiǎn)) )，奶，奶酪被水浸泡，船方將其棄于海中。于是酪被水浸泡，船方將其棄于海中。于是我方憑保險(xiǎn)單向保險(xiǎn)公司索賠，保險(xiǎn)公我方憑保險(xiǎn)單向保險(xiǎn)公司索賠，保險(xiǎn)公司拒賠。請(qǐng)問：保險(xiǎn)公司能否拒賠？司拒賠。請(qǐng)問：保險(xiǎn)公司能否拒賠？ 保險(xiǎn)公司不能拒絕賠償，暴風(fēng)雨是自然災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)公司不能拒絕賠償，暴風(fēng)雨是自然災(zāi)害害倉至倉條款，即保險(xiǎn)公司的保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任，是從被保險(xiǎn)貨物運(yùn)離保險(xiǎn)單載明的起運(yùn)（港/地）的發(fā)貨人倉庫開始，一直到貨物到達(dá)保險(xiǎn)單載明的目的港/地收貨人倉庫時(shí)為止。Warehouse to warehouse clause26/49W/W clauseA marine cargo

42、 insurance policy provision that extends the protection from the warehouse at which the shipment originates to the one at which it terminates.Coverage also terminates at the situations listed below: 60 days after the insured goods are discharged from the ship at the destination port. If the insured

43、goods are to be forwarded to a destination other than that to which it is insured, coverage terminates at the time of the commencement開始 of transit to such other destination. If the insured takes the goods for allocation, distribution, or storage other than ordinary course of transit at a warehouse

44、before the destination, coverage terminates upon completion of unloading the goods from carrying vehicle at such warehouse.保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任終結(jié)的另外一些情況：1）投保貨物在目的港卸貨60天后2）如果投保貨物臨時(shí)改變目的（港、地），則保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任從航線開始轉(zhuǎn)變那一刻終止。3）如果投保貨物被要求分派，拆分配送，或者在半路存放倉庫，沒有按規(guī)定直接運(yùn)達(dá)目的地，那么保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任在從原運(yùn)輸工具上卸下那一刻終止。案 例n某公司以某公司以CFRCFR上海從國外進(jìn)口一批汽車零件，并上海從國外進(jìn)口一批汽車零

45、件，并據(jù)賣方提供的裝船通知及時(shí)向中國人民保險(xiǎn)公司據(jù)賣方提供的裝船通知及時(shí)向中國人民保險(xiǎn)公司投保了水漬險(xiǎn)，后來由于國內(nèi)用戶發(fā)生變更，我投保了水漬險(xiǎn)，后來由于國內(nèi)用戶發(fā)生變更，我方通知承運(yùn)人貨改卸黃埔港。在貨由黃埔港裝火方通知承運(yùn)人貨改卸黃埔港。在貨由黃埔港裝火車運(yùn)往南京途中遇到山洪，致使部分貨物受損。車運(yùn)往南京途中遇到山洪，致使部分貨物受損。（1 1）我進(jìn)口公司是否可以據(jù)此向保險(xiǎn)公司索賠？）我進(jìn)口公司是否可以據(jù)此向保險(xiǎn)公司索賠？（2 2）如果海輪正常于）如果海輪正常于6 6月月1 1日抵達(dá)上海港并開始卸日抵達(dá)上海港并開始卸貨，貨，6 6月月3 3日全部卸在碼頭貨棚中而未運(yùn)往收貨人日全部卸在碼頭貨

46、棚中而未運(yùn)往收貨人倉庫。倉庫。 問：保險(xiǎn)公司的保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任至哪一天終止？問：保險(xiǎn)公司的保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任至哪一天終止？分析分析：（：（1 1）保險(xiǎn)公司會(huì)拒賠。中國人民保險(xiǎn)公保險(xiǎn)公司會(huì)拒賠。中國人民保險(xiǎn)公司司海洋運(yùn)輸貨物保險(xiǎn)條款海洋運(yùn)輸貨物保險(xiǎn)條款規(guī)定基本險(xiǎn)的責(zé)規(guī)定基本險(xiǎn)的責(zé)任起訖采用的是倉至倉條條款。倉至倉條款規(guī)任起訖采用的是倉至倉條條款。倉至倉條款規(guī)定如果被保險(xiǎn)貨物需轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)至非保險(xiǎn)單所載明的定如果被保險(xiǎn)貨物需轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)至非保險(xiǎn)單所載明的目的地時(shí)，則以該項(xiàng)貨物開始轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)時(shí)終止。目的地時(shí)，則以該項(xiàng)貨物開始轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)時(shí)終止。 （2 2）保險(xiǎn)公司的保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任到）保險(xiǎn)公司的保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任到8 8月月2 2日即告終日即告終止。根據(jù)限制條款：

47、當(dāng)貨物從目的港卸離海輪止。根據(jù)限制條款：當(dāng)貨物從目的港卸離海輪時(shí)起算滿時(shí)起算滿6060天，不論貨物是否進(jìn)入收貨人倉庫天，不論貨物是否進(jìn)入收貨人倉庫，保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任均告終止。，保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任均告終止。25/49Exclusions of insurance policy Loss or damage caused by the intentional act or fault of the insured; Loss or damage falling under the liability of the consignor; Loss or damage arising from the inferior

48、 quality or shortage of the insured goods prior to the attachment of this insurance; Loss or damage arising from normal loss, inherent 固有的 vice 缺點(diǎn) or nature of the insured goods, loss of market and/or delay in transit and any expenses arising therefrom; Risks and liabilities covered by the ocean mar

49、ine (cargo) war risks clause and strikes, riot and civil commotion clauses under C.I.C.P155- 被保險(xiǎn)人的故意行為或過失造成的損失； 屬于發(fā)貨人責(zé)任引起的損失； 在保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任開始前，被保險(xiǎn)人已存在的品質(zhì)不良或數(shù)量短差造成的損失； 被保險(xiǎn)貨物的自然損耗、本質(zhì)缺陷、特性以及市價(jià)跌落、運(yùn)輸延遲引起的損失和費(fèi)用； 海洋運(yùn)輸貨物戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)條款和貨物罷工險(xiǎn)條款規(guī)定的責(zé)任范圍和除外責(zé)任。The basic coverages before 1982: FPA, WPA and All Risks.28/49P156-2) I

50、nstitute Cargo Clause ICC協(xié)會(huì)貨物條款協(xié)會(huì)貨物條款I(lǐng)nstitute Cargo Clauses, made by the Institute of London Underwriters, came into effect on January 1, 1982 and are widely used around the world. The main clauses are as follows: Institute Cargo Clauses (A) Institute Cargo Clauses (B) Institute Cargo Clauses (C) I

51、nstitute War Clauses (Cargo) Institute Strikes Clauses (Cargo) Malicious Damage Clauses 貨物條款貨物條款A(yù)（A險(xiǎn)）險(xiǎn)） 貨物條款貨物條款B（B險(xiǎn)）險(xiǎn)） 貨物條款貨物條款C（C險(xiǎn)）險(xiǎn)） 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)條款（貨物） 罷工險(xiǎn)條款（貨物） 惡意損害險(xiǎn)條款 n英國倫敦保險(xiǎn)協(xié)會(huì)制定的英國倫敦保險(xiǎn)協(xié)會(huì)制定的“協(xié)會(huì)貨物條協(xié)會(huì)貨物條款款”Institute Cargo ClausesInstitute Cargo Clauses，ICCICCn（前面說的是（前面說的是中國人民保險(xiǎn)公司制定了各中國人民保險(xiǎn)公司制定了各種涉外保險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)條款

52、，總稱為種涉外保險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)條款，總稱為“中國保險(xiǎn)條中國保險(xiǎn)條款款”（China Insurance ClausesCICChina Insurance ClausesCIC）協(xié)會(huì)貨物保險(xiǎn)條款的種類l 協(xié)會(huì)貨物（協(xié)會(huì)貨物（A A）險(xiǎn)條款）險(xiǎn)條款l 協(xié)會(huì)貨物（協(xié)會(huì)貨物（B B）險(xiǎn)條款）險(xiǎn)條款l 協(xié)會(huì)貨物（協(xié)會(huì)貨物（C C）險(xiǎn)條款）險(xiǎn)條款責(zé)任范圍：責(zé)任范圍： C C險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn) B B險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn) A10%), you need to talk to your insurer for consent.41/49Premium = coverage amount * premium ratePremium = CIF p

53、rice*(1+optional coverage rate)*premium rateEquationsP133-45/49我司出口一批貨物，價(jià)格為USD2000/MT CIF倫敦 ，買賣雙方同意按此價(jià)加一成投保一切險(xiǎn)加戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)。保險(xiǎn)公司的費(fèi)率分別為1.2%和0.3%。問：保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)(Premium)為多少？如改報(bào)CFR價(jià)，應(yīng)為多少？Questions 保險(xiǎn)費(fèi) = USD2000*(1+10%)*(1.2%+0.3%) = USD33.00 CFR價(jià) = USD2000-USD33=USD1967 12. Cargo Insurance Claims 保險(xiǎn)索賠保險(xiǎn)索賠Ownership of damaged cargoThe insurance company has no legal title to the goods, and therefore, the assured must pro