Unit2課文講解

1、 1. Claire didnt want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be absent for three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldnt harm her or allow her to be harmed. 克萊爾并不想把機(jī)器人留在家里克萊爾并不想把機(jī)器人留在家里, 特別特別是在她丈夫離家三周的這個(gè)期間。但是在她丈夫離家三周的這個(gè)期間。但是克萊爾被拉里說(shuō)服了。他說(shuō)是克萊爾被拉里說(shuō)服了。他說(shuō), 機(jī)器人機(jī)器人不會(huì)傷害她不會(huì)傷害她,

2、也不會(huì)讓別人來(lái)傷害她。也不會(huì)讓別人來(lái)傷害她。 點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 該句是一個(gè)由該句是一個(gè)由but連接的并列句。連接的并列句。第一個(gè)分句包含一個(gè)第一個(gè)分句包含一個(gè)as引導(dǎo)的原因狀引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)從句, 說(shuō)明克萊爾不愿讓機(jī)器人留在說(shuō)明克萊爾不愿讓機(jī)器人留在家里的原因家里的原因; but之后的句子的主干為之后的句子的主干為L(zhǎng)arry persuaded her。 persuade后面是雙賓語(yǔ)后面是雙賓語(yǔ): her充當(dāng)間接充當(dāng)間接賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ), that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)直接賓引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)。還要注意在該賓語(yǔ)從句中的語(yǔ)。還要注意在該賓語(yǔ)從句中的not . or . 的意思是的意思是“既不既不也不也不

3、”。辨析辨析:especially 和和speciallyespecially adv.強(qiáng)調(diào)尤其、特別地、格外地強(qiáng)調(diào)尤其、特別地、格外地specially adv. 強(qiáng)調(diào)專門(mén)地、特意地強(qiáng)調(diào)專門(mén)地、特意地I bought a present specially for you. The ring is of especial importance to their marriage.1) especially adv. in particular 特別地特別地I love the country, especially in summer.2) absent adj.缺席的缺席的,不在場(chǎng)的不在場(chǎng)

4、的(+from) Three members of the class were absent this morning. 今天早晨該班有三人缺席。今天早晨該班有三人缺席。 He is absent on business. 他因事缺席。他因事缺席。He is absent from Hong Kong. 他不在香港。他不在香港。缺少的缺少的, 不存在的不存在的Snow is absent in his country. 他的國(guó)家不下雪。他的國(guó)家不下雪。茫茫然的茫茫然的, 心不在焉的心不在焉的He looked at me in an absent way. 他茫然地望著我。他茫然地望著我。H

5、e had an absent look on his face. 他臉上露出心不在焉的神色。他臉上露出心不在焉的神色。vt. 不在不在; 缺席缺席Why did you absent yourself from school yesterday? 昨天你為何不到校？昨天你為何不到校？absent 的反義詞是的反義詞是present出席的出席的,在場(chǎng)的在場(chǎng)的How many people were present at the meeting? 到會(huì)的有多少人到會(huì)的有多少人?3) persuade sb. to do sth.=persuade sb. into doing sth.說(shuō)服某人做

6、某事說(shuō)服某人做某事persuade是指勸說(shuō)成功是指勸說(shuō)成功, 若勸說(shuō)不成功，就若勸說(shuō)不成功，就不應(yīng)用不應(yīng)用persuaded，而應(yīng)用，而應(yīng)用tried to persuade或或advised. She tried to persuade/advised his husband to give up smoking, but failed.她曾勸說(shuō)她丈夫戒煙她曾勸說(shuō)她丈夫戒煙, 但失敗了。但失敗了。He was persuaded to give up smoking at last. 他最終被說(shuō)服戒煙了他最終被說(shuō)服戒煙了2. His was tall and handsome with sm

7、ooth hair and a deep voice. 他的頭發(fā)又黑又滑，聲音低沉渾厚。他的頭發(fā)又黑又滑，聲音低沉渾厚。 smooth adj.平坦的，平滑的，順利的平坦的，平滑的，順利的 vt. 使使光滑、平坦或順利光滑、平坦或順利 have a smooth temper 性格溫和性格溫和 The course of true love never did run smooth. 好事多磨。好事多磨。smooth away / over difficulties / problems. 排除排除/解決困難等解決困難等smooth the way for . 為為鋪平道路鋪平道路/排除障礙排

8、除障礙3. She felt embarrassed and quickly told him to go. 她感到有點(diǎn)兒不好意思，趕緊叫他離開(kāi)。她感到有點(diǎn)兒不好意思，趕緊叫他離開(kāi)。 embarrass vt. 使困窘，使局促不安使困窘，使局促不安 embarrassed adj. 尷尬的尷尬的,害羞的害羞的 embarrassing adj. 使人尷尬使人尷尬/難堪的難堪的embarrass sb. with sth. / by doing sth. 做做使某人尷尬使某人尷尬/害羞害羞/窘迫窘迫Be careful not to embarrass others by asking emba

9、rrassing questions.注意不要問(wèn)令人尷尬的問(wèn)題注意不要問(wèn)令人尷尬的問(wèn)題,那樣會(huì)使人難堪。那樣會(huì)使人難堪。Little James seemed embarrassed in the presence of the guests.小詹姆斯在客人面前顯得局促不安。小詹姆斯在客人面前顯得局促不安。4. Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot. to be offered是不定式的被動(dòng)式是不定式的被動(dòng)式, 在賓語(yǔ)從在賓語(yǔ)從句中作真正的主語(yǔ)句中作真正的主語(yǔ), it是形式主語(yǔ)。不定式是形式主語(yǔ)。不

10、定式的被動(dòng)式可在句中作多種成分的被動(dòng)式可在句中作多種成分, 是高考的熱是高考的熱點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)之一。點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)之一?？祭祭? The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. (浙江浙江2007)A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard 點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 struggle to do sth. 努力做某事，努力做某事，又因又因I 與與hear之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用不定式的被動(dòng)式，故選系，所以用不定式的被動(dòng)式，故

11、選A?？祭祭? It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness _. (江西江西2006) A. to make B. to be made C. making D. being made 點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 根據(jù)根據(jù)“It takes / took (sb.) + 一一段時(shí)間段時(shí)間+ to do sth.” 可排除可排除C、D, 再根再根據(jù)據(jù)make與與connection構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系, 所以用不定式的被動(dòng)式所以用不定式的被動(dòng)式, 故選故選B?？祭祭? Energy drinks a

12、re not allowed _ in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. (上海上海2006)A. to make B. to be made C. to have been made D. to be making 點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做允許某人做某事某事,又因又因make與與energy drinks構(gòu)成構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系動(dòng)賓關(guān)系, 用不定式的被動(dòng)式用不定式的被動(dòng)式; 再根據(jù)句再根據(jù)句意說(shuō)的是一般情況意說(shuō)的是一般情況, 無(wú)完成含義無(wú)完成含義, 故選故選B。 5As she turned aroun

13、d, there_stood Gladys Claffern.她剛一轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身去，就看到格拉迪斯她剛一轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身去，就看到格拉迪斯克拉芬站在那里。克拉芬站在那里。There stands.倒裝句。倒裝句。(1)there, here, now, then 等副詞放在等副詞放在句首時(shí)，句子要完全倒裝，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用句首時(shí)，句子要完全倒裝，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用 come, go, be, lie, run 等。等。 (2)表示方位的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)，句子也要完全表示方位的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)，句子也要完全倒裝，句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是倒裝，句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是 come, go等表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。等表示動(dòng)作的

14、動(dòng)詞。 (3)在上述全部倒裝中在上述全部倒裝中，主語(yǔ)如為人稱代詞主語(yǔ)如為人稱代詞，則應(yīng)放在動(dòng)詞前則應(yīng)放在動(dòng)詞前面面。There goes the bell. 鈴響了鈴響了。Now comes your turn. 現(xiàn)在輪到你了現(xiàn)在輪到你了。The door opened and in came a teacher.門(mén)開(kāi)了門(mén)開(kāi)了，進(jìn)來(lái)一位老師進(jìn)來(lái)一位老師。Away went the students. 學(xué)生們走了學(xué)生們走了。Away they went. 他們走了他們走了。Present at the meeting are some teachers and students.一些老師和學(xué)生出

15、席了會(huì)議一些老師和學(xué)生出席了會(huì)議。即境活用即境活用1Look! There _.Oh, there_.Acomes the bus; comes itBcomes the bus; it comesCthe bus comes; it comesDthe bus comes; comes it答案：答案：B解析：解析：考查全部倒裝。注意主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，不倒裝，故選考查全部倒裝。注意主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，不倒裝，故選B。6. or rather或者說(shuō)，準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)或者說(shuō)，準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)What I want is the truth, or rather a series of truth. 我需要的是事實(shí)我需要的

16、是事實(shí), 準(zhǔn)確準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)是一系列事實(shí)。地說(shuō)是一系列事實(shí)。7. By the amused and surprised look on her face, Chaire knew that Gladys thought she was having an affair. After all, she knew Claires husbands name was Larry, not Tony. 從她臉上驚奇的表情判斷從她臉上驚奇的表情判斷, 克萊爾知道拉迪斯認(rèn)克萊爾知道拉迪斯認(rèn)為她有外遇為她有外遇, 畢竟她知道她丈夫的名字是拉里畢竟她知道她丈夫的名字是拉里, 而不是托尼。而不是托尼。1) by p

17、rep. 此處相當(dāng)于此處相當(dāng)于according to根據(jù)根據(jù),按照按照By my watch it is two oclock.by的用法：的用法： “到到.時(shí)為止時(shí)為止”, 其后若跟過(guò)去時(shí)間其后若跟過(guò)去時(shí)間,時(shí)態(tài)多用時(shí)態(tài)多用過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí); 若跟將來(lái)時(shí)間若跟將來(lái)時(shí)間, 時(shí)態(tài)多用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。時(shí)態(tài)多用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。By the age of 15, he had taught himself advanced maths. 到到15歲時(shí)歲時(shí),他就自學(xué)完了高等數(shù)學(xué)。他就自學(xué)完了高等數(shù)學(xué)。 表示時(shí)間時(shí)表示時(shí)間時(shí), 還有還有“在在期間期間,不遲于不遲于”的意思。的意思。 I have no id

18、ea why he often sleeps by day. 我我不知道他為什么常在白天睡覺(jué)。不知道他為什么常在白天睡覺(jué)。 By tomorrow he will be here. 他明天就到這兒。他明天就到這兒。 by 作為介詞和副詞作為介詞和副詞,意思還有意思還有“在附在附近近,在旁邊在旁邊, 經(jīng)經(jīng), 由由, 依據(jù)依據(jù), 通過(guò)通過(guò), 用用, 以以方式方式”等。等。 There is a mall table by the bed. 在床邊有一張小桌子。在床邊有一張小桌子。 Please let me by. 請(qǐng)讓我進(jìn)去。請(qǐng)讓我進(jìn)去。8. She cried out “Tony” and t

19、hen heard him declare that he didnt want to leave her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her. 她大叫一聲她大叫一聲“托尼托尼”, 然后聽(tīng)到托尼一本然后聽(tīng)到托尼一本正經(jīng)地說(shuō)正經(jīng)地說(shuō), 第二天他不想離開(kāi)她第二天他不想離開(kāi)她, 而且他并而且他并不滿足于僅僅使她開(kāi)心。不滿足于僅僅使她開(kāi)心。 點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 該句的主句包含兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)該句的主句包含兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ), 即即cried和和heard。declare后接兩個(gè)后接兩個(gè)that引引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句導(dǎo)的賓

20、語(yǔ)從句, 其中第一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中的其中第一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中的that可以省略?？梢允÷?。more than1). 后面跟名詞后面跟名詞, 意為意為“不只是不只是, 不僅僅不僅僅是是”。 Kate was more than a teacher. She also did what she could to take care of her pupils. 凱特不僅凱特不僅僅是位教師僅是位教師,她還盡其所能照顧她的她還盡其所能照顧她的學(xué)生。學(xué)生。Think and compare.Modern science is more than a large amount of information. 現(xiàn)代

21、科學(xué)不僅僅是大量的信息?，F(xiàn)代科學(xué)不僅僅是大量的信息。My trip to Beijing is more than sightseeing. 我去北京不僅僅是觀光。我去北京不僅僅是觀光。2) more than與數(shù)詞連用與數(shù)詞連用, 意思是意思是“多于多于,大于大于, 超過(guò)超過(guò)”。 I have known him for more than twenty years. 我認(rèn)識(shí)他已超過(guò)二十年了。我認(rèn)識(shí)他已超過(guò)二十年了。 More than ten policemen turned up at the spot where the accident happened. 十多位警察出現(xiàn)在出事地點(diǎn)。

22、十多位警察出現(xiàn)在出事地點(diǎn)。3) more than與形容詞和分詞連用與形容詞和分詞連用,表示表示“非常、十分非常、十分”。 They were more than happy to see us come back from the expedition. 看到我們遠(yuǎn)征而歸看到我們遠(yuǎn)征而歸, 他們異常高興。他們異常高興。I am more than happy to accept your invitation. 我很高興接受你的邀請(qǐng)。我很高興接受你的邀請(qǐng)。4). more than與動(dòng)詞連用與動(dòng)詞連用,對(duì)動(dòng)詞起著加對(duì)動(dòng)詞起著加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的作用。強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的作用。 Repeated advertisi

23、ng will more than increase product sales. 多次做廣告意味著增加產(chǎn)品的銷售。多次做廣告意味著增加產(chǎn)品的銷售。5) more than和含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子連用和含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子連用,有否定意義有否定意義,表表示示“是是難以難以”或或“超過(guò)了超過(guò)了所能所能”之義。之義。 The beauty of the village is more than I can describe. 我難以描述那個(gè)山村的美麗。我難以描述那個(gè)山村的美麗。This problem is more than a child can settle. 這一問(wèn)題超出了小孩的解決能力。這一問(wèn)

24、題超出了小孩的解決能力。6) no more than意思是意思是“僅僅僅僅,不過(guò)不過(guò),只只是是”。 All his education added up to no more than one year. 他接受的所有的學(xué)校教育只有一年。他接受的所有的學(xué)校教育只有一年。 Their new flat has no more than 60 square meters. 他們的新居只有他們的新居只有60平方米。平方米。7). not more than表示表示“至多至多,不超過(guò)不超過(guò)” Lying on the ground was a schoolboy of not more than s

25、eventeen. 躺在地上的那躺在地上的那個(gè)男學(xué)生最多十七歲。個(gè)男學(xué)生最多十七歲。9But even though Tony had been so clever, he would have to be rebuiltyou cannot have women falling_in_love_with machines.但是，盡管托尼很聰明，他還得經(jīng)過(guò)一番改造但是，盡管托尼很聰明，他還得經(jīng)過(guò)一番改造你總不能讓女人與機(jī)你總不能讓女人與機(jī)器相愛(ài)吧。器相愛(ài)吧。have sb. doing 意為意為“叫叫/讓讓/使某人做某事或讓某種情況發(fā)使某人做某事或讓某種情況發(fā)生生”。賓語(yǔ)后面用現(xiàn)在分詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)

26、足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)后面用現(xiàn)在分詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示賓語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在表示賓語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系分詞表示的動(dòng)作之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或一直進(jìn)且動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或一直進(jìn)行行。wont have sb. doing 意為意為“不讓某人做某事不讓某人做某事”。Dont have the baby crying! 不要讓嬰兒啼哭！不要讓嬰兒啼哭！Youd better have your car running slowly.你最好把車子開(kāi)慢點(diǎn)兒你最好把車子開(kāi)慢點(diǎn)兒。I wont have you talking to your mother like that.我不允許你這樣與你媽媽說(shuō)話我不允許你這

27、樣與你媽媽說(shuō)話。拓展：拓展：(1)have sb. do 讓某人做某事讓某人做某事(do表示動(dòng)作由表示動(dòng)作由 sb. 發(fā)出發(fā)出)(2)have sb./sth. done 使某事被別人做使某事被別人做(sb./sth. 與動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞 do構(gòu)成構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)(3)have sth. to do 有事要做有事要做(to do做后置定語(yǔ)修飾做后置定語(yǔ)修飾 sth.，該不，該不定式的動(dòng)作由主語(yǔ)發(fā)出定式的動(dòng)作由主語(yǔ)發(fā)出)(4)have sth. to be done 有事要做有事要做(to do做后置定語(yǔ)修飾做后置定語(yǔ)修飾 sth.，但不定式的動(dòng)作不是由主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的，而是別人但不定式的動(dòng)作不是由主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的，而是別人)Ill have the gardener plant some trees.我要讓園丁種些樹(shù)我要讓園丁種些樹(shù)。Why dont you have your hair cut? 你為什么不理發(fā)？你為什么不理發(fā)？I have some clothes to wash.我有些衣服要洗。我有些衣服要洗。(洗衣服是主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作洗衣服是主語(yǔ)