牛津高中英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的全部考點(diǎn)和記憶技巧

1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本內(nèi)容【開(kāi)頭引入】If 如果 (如果有兩種可能,有可能發(fā)生的，不可能發(fā)生的。)有可能發(fā)生If it rains tomorrow, I will not go to the park. 不可能發(fā)生 虛擬語(yǔ)氣，例如，如果我是姚明，。虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的愿望，假設(shè)，猜測(cè)或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。所以，凡表示與事實(shí)不符的假設(shè)，想象，愿望時(shí)，需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表達(dá)。一、If 引導(dǎo)的虛擬（一）If 引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,可用下表表示。從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反did/wereWould/could/should/might do 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反Had doneWould/could/should/mi

2、ght have done與將來(lái)時(shí)間相反1.did/were2.should do3.were to doWould/could/should/might do例如： 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：If I had wings, I would fly over the sea. If she were rich, she would buy a bigger house.If there were no gravity, we would not be able to walk on the earth.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反：If You had gone to the party, You would hav

3、e seen YaoMing. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反：If he were to tomorrow, We would have the meeting.If he should come tomorrow, We could go to the park together. If there were a heavy snow next Monday, we would not go skating.（二）if虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句的省略倒裝。如果虛擬條件從句中有were,

4、had, should,可把if 省略，把were, had, should 提到主語(yǔ)前面，成為倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 If I were you, I would accept the challenges. -Were I you, I would accept the challenges If you had informed me earlier, I wouldnt have signed the contract. -Had you informed me earlier, I wouldnt have signed the contract. If she should be my dau

5、ghter, I wouldnt allow her to study abroad.-Should she be my daughter, I wouldnt allow her to study abroad.VIP Tips : Were it not for“如果要不是” Had it not been for“如果當(dāng)時(shí)要不是” Were it not for your help, I would never be a good boss. 要不是你的幫助，我永遠(yuǎn)成不了一個(gè)好的老板。 Had it not been for you, I would have lost my way.

6、當(dāng)時(shí)要不是你，我就迷路了。*如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定形式，不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。3. If it werent for the expense, I would go broad now.Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now.Exercises.11. Had she worked harder, she _ (succeed).2. If the lawyer had been here last Saturday, he _me from going. (prevent)3. _ such a disaster _, the dam

7、age would be incalculable. (occur)4. _he _ today, he would get there by Friday. (leave)5. If there were life on Mars, such life forms _ unable to survive on the earth.(be)6. -Did you remind him of the meeting?-No, if I _at home, I would have.(be)7. John went to the hospital alone.If he _ me about it

8、 , I would have gone with him.A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 9. If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken 10. This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our

9、 expense. A. would B. should C. could D. might11. Had I know about this computer program, a huge amount of time and money _. A. would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved D. was saved二、錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句*注意：考試時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)一種情況，從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間和主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，被稱(chēng)為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”，我們要分別根據(jù)從句和主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間對(duì)其進(jìn)行虛擬。例如： If you had f

10、ollowed my advice just now, you would be better now.如果你剛才聽(tīng)了我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就好多了。 If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. 如果你以前好好學(xué)習(xí)的話(huà)，你現(xiàn)在就是大學(xué)生了。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天方便的話(huà)，我們就可以把他送到北京去了。Exercises 2 1. May be if I _science, and not literatur

11、e then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying2. Look! If we had begun to do the work yesterday morning, we _ ourselves just like them. A. would have enjoyed B. were to enjoy C. should enjoy D. would be enjoying3. If you had taken the medicine

12、yesterday, you _ so bad now. A. wouldnt have felt B. dont feel C. wouldnt be feeling D. arent feeling4. If the United States had built more homes for the poor in 1995, the housing problems now in some parts of this country _ so serious. A. wouldnt be B. wont be C. will not have been D. would not hav

13、e been三、含蓄條件句。有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件從句，而是通過(guò)介詞短語(yǔ)，副詞，連詞替代來(lái)代替條件從句。 例如：1. 如果沒(méi)有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成任務(wù)。If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.Ø Had it not been for your help, Ø Without/ But for your help2. 我那天生病了，否則，我就參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)了。If I had not been ill that

14、day, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.Ø I would have taken part in the sports meeting, but I was ill that day.Ø I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.四、特殊句式1. 饅頭-面條原理 用于表示建議，決定，命令等詞語(yǔ)后的that-從句用在suggest(建議)，insist(堅(jiān)決要求)，order(命令，下令)，advise(

15、勸告，忠告)，propose(提議，建議)，recommend(勸告，建議)和require(法規(guī)要求，規(guī)定)等動(dòng)詞之后的that-賓語(yǔ)從句中，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用（should）+動(dòng)詞原形。1. He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.2. They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.3. He advised that she (should) wait for a few weeks.4. We proposed that someone neutral (sho

16、uld) take the chair.5. Teachers recommend parents (should) not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.注意：當(dāng)suggest 表示“暗示”，“表明”之意，insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”，后面的賓語(yǔ)從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。1. The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.2. The man insisted that he had never stole

17、 the money.用在idea, suggestion, advice, request, proposal, demand, order, plan等名詞之后的that-表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。1. My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it.2. We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for sightseeing.3. Your advice that she (should) w

18、ait till next week is reasonable.4. He ignored the neighbors requests that he (should) make less noise.5. My demand is that the information referred in my report (should) be emailed to Mr. Brown without delay. It is suggested/ strange/ important/necessary/ essential/ recommended/ natural/ a pity tha

19、t +從句。從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用（should）+動(dòng)詞原形。如果從句動(dòng)作先發(fā)生，則用should have+過(guò)去分詞。1. It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.2. It is strange that he should have acted towards his parents like that.3. It was necessary that he (should) leave immediately.4. It is absolutely essential that all the f

20、acts (should) be examined first.5. It is recommended that the work (should) not be started until all the preparations have been made. 注意：當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist 表示“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)，力言”之意，后面不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例如： The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他臉上的微笑表明他對(duì)我們的工作很滿(mǎn)意。 The man insisted that

21、 he had never stolen the money. 那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持他沒(méi)有偷錢(qián)。常用必背：1個(gè)堅(jiān)持：insist1個(gè)決定：decide 2個(gè)命令：order/ command3個(gè)要求：demand/require/desire4個(gè)建議：advise/propose/suggest/recommendVIP Tips :虛擬語(yǔ)氣在從句中的運(yùn)用，主要在在上面這些表示建議命令要求等的詞匯后面，用should+動(dòng)詞原形。要熟記上面的詞匯，同時(shí)要掌握這些詞匯的名詞形式及有的形容詞的形式，在考試時(shí)題目有時(shí)會(huì)故意省略should，自己要根據(jù)這些提示詞來(lái)判斷后面的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Exercises 31. T

22、he guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules. (obey)2. I dont think it advisable that Tom _ to the job since he was experienced. (assign)3. My suggestion is that the experiment _ in another way. (do)4. It is of utmost importance that you _here on time. (be)5. It was proposed that the mat

23、ter _ at the next meeting. (discuss)6. The doctor has given the order that the patient _a bath every day. (have)7. It is vital that you _ our competitor to know our plan. (permit)8. Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives _into account before starting a new project. (take)9. He did

24、 his homework carefully for fear that he _.A. made a mistake B. makes a mistakeC. make a mistake D. would make a mistake10. It is decided that he _ for a bus to meet the guests from Beijing.A. call B. calls C. arrange D. arranged2. wish 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句表示一種不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成如下：表達(dá)意義賓語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)作wish從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)exam

25、ples與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)想法的愿望從句動(dòng)作與wish同時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)I wish I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望從句動(dòng)作先于wish過(guò)去完成時(shí)I wish I had met that film star yesterday.將來(lái)難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望從句動(dòng)作后于wishCould/would/might+動(dòng)詞原形I wish I could go to Brazil and watch the World Cup.注意：此語(yǔ)法規(guī)則同樣適用于if only+句子= how I wish +that從句3. would rather

26、+賓語(yǔ)從句 如用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其構(gòu)成為would rather+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式/過(guò)去完成時(shí)（從句動(dòng)作先發(fā)生），意為“我寧愿”1. She will get home at dinner time, but I would rater she got home a little earlier.2. He didnt attend the meeting. I would rather he had been present.Exercises 41. They offered this expensive wine, but frankly Id rather they_(offer) me some

27、 beer.2. I wish I _ able to talk it over with him when he was here last night. (be)3. Look at the terrible situation I am in! How I wish I _ your advice. (take)4. Sometimes I wish I _ in a different time and a different place. (live)5. Wouldnt you rather your child _ bed early? (go)6. His wife would

28、 rather that they _ about the matter any more. (not talk)7. If only the explosion_, those people would not have been killed. (happen)8. How I wish it _(rain). If it _ in a few days, the crops would be saved. (rain)9. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I would rather he _

29、 more on its culture.(focus)3. It is (high) time (that) 意為（現(xiàn)在）該，表示提議。從句前無(wú)that, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。如果有that,用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式或用should+動(dòng)詞原形。1. It is (high) time you went to school.2. It is (high) time that you went to school.3. It is (high) time that we should start out.4.as if 引導(dǎo)的從句as if 引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)

30、去式；先于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，用過(guò)去完成式；后于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。1. He looks as if he were an artist.2. He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in America.3. He learns English so hard as if he would go to the USA.Exercises 51. She was sitting quietly in the garden as if nothing _ to him. (happen)2. He fought a

31、s hard as if his wife _ in danger. (are)3. Its high time you _ him for his being late. (criticize)4. Looking around the small village, he felt as though he _ from an evil dream. (wake)5. Dr. Bethune worked hard as if he _tired. (never fell)6. It is high time that such a practice _ an end to. (put)7.

32、 Isnt it high time we _ responsibly, with our nations future in mind? (live)8. The tree looked as if it _ for a long time. ( not water)9. The whole family greet me as if I _ a member of the family. (be)5在高考中，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞運(yùn)用在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中表示責(zé)備和批評(píng)語(yǔ)氣。“should (ought to / could/ may/ might)+have done ”表示“過(guò)去應(yīng)該做而未做到”的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。該

33、結(jié)構(gòu)的否定形式則表示“過(guò)去不該做的事情卻做了”的意思，是一種委婉的責(zé)備。語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)的是should,語(yǔ)氣最弱的是might。1 .could have done 本能夠做而未做 2.should / ought to have done本應(yīng)該做而未做 3.neednt have done 本不必做而做了 4.might have done 本可能做而未做 5.would rather have done 寧愿做過(guò)某事 6would ( should) like / love to have done 本想做而未做 具體講解：1.表示委婉批評(píng) could/ may/ might +have don

34、e 結(jié)構(gòu)，常譯為“本可以做得更一些” You are late again. You could have come earlier. 你又來(lái)晚了，你本應(yīng)該早一點(diǎn)來(lái)的。 Youve made a few mistakes. You might have been a little bit more careful. 你犯了幾個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，你本應(yīng)該更細(xì)心些。2.表示強(qiáng)烈責(zé)備 Should/ ought to have done 結(jié)構(gòu)，常譯為“本應(yīng)該做的更一些, 結(jié)果” You should have told me earlier that you werent able to come. 你本應(yīng)該早

35、點(diǎn)告訴我你不能來(lái)的。（暗示我在這里已經(jīng)等了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。） You shouldnt have failed this time.你這次本不該失敗的。（暗示對(duì)你這次失敗的不滿(mǎn)）3.表示本來(lái)沒(méi)有必要 neednt + have+ 過(guò)去分詞 結(jié)構(gòu)，常譯為“做了不必要做的事情” You neednt have told him. He has already known about it. 你當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有必要告訴他，他已經(jīng)知道了。 Its so near. We neednt have taken a taxi. 這么近，當(dāng)時(shí)我們沒(méi)有必要做出租車(chē)的。VIP Tips :情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去

36、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的推測(cè)時(shí) 1Can / Could +主語(yǔ)have done? (疑問(wèn)句) 可能做過(guò)某事嗎？ 2Cant / Couldnt have done (否定句) 不可能做過(guò)某事 3may/ might + have done (肯定句) 可能做過(guò)某事 4. must have done (肯定句) 一定做過(guò)某事高考速遞1.（2012 浙江，19）Had they known what was coming next, they_ second thoughts.A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had2. (

37、2012 江蘇，35) Happy birthday! Thank you ! Its the best present I _for.A. should have wished B. must have wishedC. may have wished D. could have wished3. (2012 山東，30) If we _adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful.A. havent made B. wouldnt makeC. must have had D. hadnt mad

38、e4. (2012 安徽，31) Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _there, she wouldnt be able to see his parents very often.A. lives B. would live C. has lived D. were to live 5.（2012，北京，35）Dont handle the vase as if it _made of steel.A. is B. were C. has been D. had beenKeys: DDDDC虛擬

39、語(yǔ)氣練習(xí)題1. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules.A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey2. I wish I _ you yesterday. A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see3. -If he _, he _ that food. -Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had b

40、een warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken4. Without electricity human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 5. When a pen is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has bro

41、ken C. were broken D. had been broken 6. You did not let me drive. If we _ in return, you _ so tired. A. drove; didnt B. drove; wouldnt C. driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got7. I didnt see your uncle at the party. If he _, he would have said hello to me. A. would come B. had come C.

42、 came D. did come 8. _it _ for your help, I couldnt have made any progress. A. Had; not been B. Should; not be C. Did; not be D. Not; be 9. Mr Smih was badly ill, or he _our dinner party. A. should come to B. would have attended C. would come to D. should have attended10. If only he _ quietly as the

43、 doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had laid D. should lie11. What would have happened _? A. Bob had walked father B. if Bob should walk father C. had Bob walked father D. if Bob walked father12. Bell remembers everything exactly as if it _yesterday. A. was happeni

44、ng B. happens C. has happened D. happened13. It is a pity we cant find him. If he _ here, he _ us how to do it. A. were; told B. were; would tell C. had been; had told D. had been; told14. If we _200 years old, we _everything. A. were to be; could change B. had been; changed C. were; would have changed D. should be; changed15. If your father _ this, he would be angry. A. knows B. knew C. had known D. would know16. _ your address, I would have written to you. A. Did I know B. Were I to know C. Had I known D. If I should know17. The patient insisted that he _