《計算機專業(yè)英語》期末復(fù)習(xí)題

1、計算機專業(yè)英語 2010-2011遠成秋季學(xué)期期末復(fù)習(xí)題 請認真完成省略的翻譯部分專業(yè)詞匯1. 即插即用 plug and play2. 同步設(shè)備 synchronous device3. 陰極射線管 cathode ray tube4. 噴墨式打印機 ink-jet printer5. 鍵盤 keyboard6. 只讀存儲器 ROM7. 電子郵件 E-Mail8. 先來先服務(wù)原則 first-come first-served rule9. 互聯(lián)網(wǎng) Internet10. 多媒體 multimedia11. 芯片 chip12. 微電子技術(shù) microelectronic technique

2、13. 集線器 hub14. 單指令流 single instruction stream15. 緊密耦合多處理器 tightly coupled multiprocessing16. 程序 program17. 互連機制 interconnection mechanism18. 人工智能 artificial intelligence19. 防火墻 firewall20. 協(xié)議 protocol21. 操作系統(tǒng) operating system22. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)計算機 network computer23. 專家系統(tǒng) expert system24. 調(diào)制解調(diào)器 modem25. 工作站 work

3、station26. Erasable optical disk 可擦除光盤27. Dynamic positive-logic system 動態(tài)正邏輯系統(tǒng)28. unidirectional shift register 單向移位寄存器29. nonvolatile memory 非易失性存儲器30. processor 處理機31. document 文檔32. E-mail 電子郵件33. software maintenance 軟件維護34. instruction 指令35. FTP 文件傳輸協(xié)議36. arithmetic expression 算術(shù)表達式37. graphic

4、al user interface 圖形用戶接口38. throughput 吞吐量39. disk 硬盤40. store and forward 存儲轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)41. virtual function 虛擬函數(shù)42. pointer 指針43. logic complementation 邏輯補44. TCP/IP 傳輸控制協(xié)議 /互聯(lián)網(wǎng)協(xié)議45. DNS 域名服務(wù)46. HTTP 超文本傳輸協(xié)議47. vary large scale integration circuit 超大規(guī)模集成電路48. URL 統(tǒng)一資源定位器49. 46=24 four multiplied by six is t

5、wenty-four (four times six is/are twenty-four 選擇填空1. One megabyte equals approximately ( 1,000,000 bytes2. A computer system has input, output, (storage and processing components.3. how data are represented inside a computer system in electronic states called (bits 4. When power is removed, informat

6、ion in the semiconductor memory is ( lost5. Which is magnetic secondary storage devices?( tape 6. To facilitate an even faster transfer of instructions and data to the processor, most computers are designed with (Cache memory7. A processor is composed of two functional unites, they are (a control un

7、it and an arithmetic/logic unit 8. A computer having the hardware and software necessary for it to be connected to a network. The sentence describes (Network Computer9. In general, instruction consists of (operations and operands10. With optimal laser disk technology, the read/write head used in mag

8、netic storage is replaced by (two lasers11. Processors in multiprocessor system can communicate with each other through memory means that (common main memory exist in this organization.12. He told me all (As a result , he will have to be away from school for two or three months.13. Computer memory c

9、an be measured exactly, its capability is limited by the maximum number of (directly addressable cells.14. The Object-oriented software development method is designed to enhance reliability and (robustness of software.句子翻譯1. 微型計算機,亦被稱為個人計算機,是可以放在桌面上的小的計算機。 Microcomputers, also known as personal comp

10、uters, .2. 應(yīng)用軟件是讓用戶能夠完成特定任務(wù)的專門程序。Application software is a specialized programs that enables the user to accomplish specific Tasks. 3. 你知道第一臺電子計算機是什么時候發(fā)明的嗎?.4. 輸出設(shè)備將機器可讀的信息轉(zhuǎn)換為人類可讀的形式。Output devices convert .5. 程序是告訴計算機如何將數(shù)據(jù)處理成你想要的形式的指令。Programs are the instructions that tell the computer how to proc

11、ess data into the form you want. 6. Most small computers can support only a single user, some can support as many as two or three at a time. (3 points大多數(shù)小型計算機只能支持單個用戶, .段落翻譯(1 Video compression is a collection of techniques used to shrink video files. Embodied by products called codecs (compression/

12、decompression,these methods fall into two general categories: interframe and intraframe compression.Interframe compression uses a system of key and delta frames to eliminate redundant information between frames. Key frames store an entire frame, while delta, or “ difference ” , frames record only th

13、e interframe changes. During decompression, the CPU builds frames from the key frames and accumulated deltas.Intraframe compression is performed entirely within individual frames. During intraframe compression, codes use a variety of techniques to convert pixels to more compact mathematical formulas

14、. The simplest technique is called run length encoding (RLE, in which rows of adjacent identical pixels are grouped together.視頻圖像壓縮是一組用來縮小視頻圖像文件大小的技術(shù) . 由被稱為 Codecs(壓縮 /解壓 產(chǎn)品所體現(xiàn)的這些方法分為兩大類 : 幀間壓縮和幀內(nèi)壓縮 .幀間壓縮利用關(guān)鍵幀和幀方法來消除幀之間的冗余信息 . 關(guān)鍵幀存儲一幅完整的幀 , 而幀或 ” 差異 ” 幀 , 僅記錄幀間變化 . 解壓時 , CPU從關(guān)鍵幀和累加的幀來構(gòu)造各個幀 . 幀內(nèi)壓縮是完全

15、在個別的幀內(nèi)進行的 . 在幀內(nèi)壓縮時 , Codecs使用各種技術(shù)把像素轉(zhuǎn)換 成更緊湊的數(shù)學(xué)公式 . 最簡單的技術(shù)稱作行程長度編碼 (RLE. 按這種編碼法 , 各行中相鄰 的相同像素串歸在一起 .2. Data communications systems are the electronic systems that transmit data over communications lines from one location to another. You might use data communications through your microcomputer to send

16、 information to a friend using another computer. You might work for an organization whose computer system is spread throughout a building, or even throughout the country or world. That is, all the parts-input and output units, processor, and storage devices-are in different places and linked by comm

17、unications. 你有可能在為一家公司工作, 其計算機系統(tǒng)遍布一座大樓, 或者甚至 是全國乃至世界。 也就是說, 所有的部分-輸入和輸出單元、 處理器和存儲設(shè)備-都在 不同的地方,是通過通信連接起來的。3. The Web can be an incredible resource providing information on nearly any topic imaginable. Are you planning a trip? Writing an Economics paper? Looking for a movie review? Trying to locate a l

18、ong-lost friend? Information sources related to these questions, and much, much more are available on the Web. Search engines are specialized programs that assist you in locating information on the Web and the Internet. To find information, you go to the search services Web site and use theirsearch

19、engine. Yahoos search engine, like most others, provides two different search approaches.網(wǎng)絡(luò)擁有令人難以置信的雄厚資源, 只要你能想到的主題, 它都可以給你提供相關(guān)的信 息。你想要旅行嗎?或是寫一篇經(jīng)濟論文?或是查找影訊? 4. Memory is also known as primary storage, internal storage, it temporarily holds data, program instructions, and information. One of the most

20、 important facts to know about memory is that part of its content is held only temporarily. In other words, it is stored only as long as the computer is turned on. When you turn the machine off, the content immediately vanish. The stored contents in memory are volatile and can vanish very quickly.內(nèi)存

21、也被稱為主存儲器、 內(nèi)部存儲器,它臨時地存儲數(shù)據(jù)、程序指令和信息。對于內(nèi)存 需要了解的一個最重要的事實是它所保存的內(nèi)容只是臨時的。 換句話說, 它只在計算機開著 時才保存(數(shù)據(jù) 。 5. Application software might be described as end-user software. Application software performs useful work on general-purpose tasks such as word processing and cost estimating. There are certain general-purpos

22、e programs that are widely used in nearly all career areas. They are: word processing, electronic spreadsheets, graphic programs and so on.Word processing software is used to create, edit, save, and print documents. Documents can be any kind of text material. With word processing, you view the words

23、 you type on a monitor instead of on a piece of paper. After you finish your typing, save your words on diskettes or hard disk, and print the results on paper. The beauty of this method is that you can make changes or corrections before printing out the document. 應(yīng)用軟件完成有用的通用任務(wù), 例如字處理和價格評估。 有些是被廣泛用 于幾乎所有行業(yè)領(lǐng)域的通用程序。它們是:字處理、 電子表格和圖像程序等。 它們也被稱為 基本工具,并且具有一些共同的特性。字處理軟件被用于建立、編輯、保存和打印文檔。 6. Hard disks consist of met