英國文學(xué)期末考試詩歌賞析題

1、Sonnet 29 (Book1 P119)When, in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes , 面對命運的拋棄，世人的冷眼，  I all alone beweep my outcast state, 我唯有獨自把飄零的身世悲嘆。And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries, 我曾徒然地呼喚聾耳的蒼天，  And look upon myself, and curse my fate, 詛咒自己的時運，顧影自憐 。 Wishing me like to o

2、ne more rich in hope, 我但愿，愿胸懷千般心愿， Featured like him, like him with friends possessed, 愿有三朋六友和美貌之顏； Desiring this man's arts and that man's scope, 愿有才華蓋世，有文采斐然， With what I most enjoy contented least; 唯對自己的長處，偏偏看輕看淡。Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising, 我正耽于這種妄自菲薄的思想，Haply I think o

3、n thee, and then my state, 猛然間想到了你，頓時景換情遷，    Like to the lark at break of day arising 我忽如破曉的云雀凌空振羽，    From sullen earth, sings hymns at heaven's gate; 謳歌直上天門，把蒼茫大地俯瞰。    For thy sweet love remembered such wealth brings 但記住你柔情招來財無限，

4、60;         That then I scorn to change my state with kings. 縱帝王屈尊就我，不與換江山。 1. When in disgrace with fortune and men's eyesTo be in disgrace with fortune is presumably to be not favoured by her. 2. I all alone beweep my outcast state,beweep = weep for

5、, bewail; Like bewail and beseem, the word has an archaic and biblical flavour. my outcast state = my condition of being a social outcast. The condition is probably exaggerated for the sake of effect, and to emphasize that the speaker sees everything in a gloomy light. Fortune has turned against him

6、 and he feels that he does not belong any more to society.3. And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries,deaf heaven - Heaven (God) turns a deaf ear to his complaints and laments. bootless = to no avail, achieving nothing.4. And look upon myself, and curse my fate,And look upon myself - as the ou

7、tcast contemplates his own fallen state. curse my fate - another echo from the Book of Job in the Bible: 5. Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,Wishing myself to be like one who is more richly endowed with all manner of blessings, including wealth.6. Featured like him, like him with friends pos

8、sessed,Featured like him, like him = with features like this person, like this second person having friends, like this third, desiring his skills (line 7) etc.7. Desiring this man's art, and that man's scope,this man's art = the skill that one particular person has; that man's scope

9、= the capability, range, mental ability that another particular person has.8. With what I most enjoy contented least;It is unspecified what he most enjoys, but evidently, in his despondency, things which ought to give him enjoyment do not do so. The implication is that he no longer enjoys the love o

10、f his beloved, although that idea is countermanded by the final couplet.9. Yet in these thoughts my self almost despising,in these thoughts = while I am engaged in these thoughts myself almost despising - and almost considering myself to be despicable for being so cast down.10. Haply I think on thee

11、, and then my state,Haply = by chance, by a happy stroke of luck; my state = my mental state, with a suggestion also that his fortune, or the state of affairs in which he finds himself, improves.12. From sullen earth, sings hymns at heaven's gate;sullen = gloomy, dark, miserable; From sullen ear

12、th - the phrase may be taken both with this and with the preceding line. The lark rises from sullen earth, and it also sings hymns which rise up from the earth to the gate of heaven, or, as it sings, it rises from earth towards heaven. sings - the subject is the lark, but also the poet's soul, w

13、hich has been liberated by his thinking of his beloved.13. For thy sweet love remembered such wealth bringsthy sweet love remembered = when I have called to mind your love, when your sweet love springs up again in my memory.14. That then I scorn to change my state with kings.Although the primary mea

14、ning is that 'I am happier than a king could be, and therefore have no wish to swap places with him' there is a hint of the political meaning of state, i.e. nation state.Figures of SpeechShakespeare uses literary devices to connect the readers to the poem and possibly his life. Metaphors wer

15、e used in lines 10-12. In these lines, he compares his love to the lark who sings songs to the heavens. Shakespeare uses this metaphor because he wants to show the reader how happy the thought of his true love makes him feel. Even in the toughest times, the speaker is brightened by the thought of hi

16、s love and Shakespeare wants to display this to his readers. Shakespeare uses symbolism many times through out the poem, especially in 1-3, 7, 11, and 13. In the first three lines, Shakespeare symbolizes that he is jealous of everything in society. He uses symbolism here because he wants the reader

17、to know that the speaker feels like an outcast compared to the rest of society. In line 7, Shakespeare uses symbolism to describe the skills of other men and their freedom. He uses symbolism in this line because he is describing his wanting of better skills and more freedom. In the eleventh line, th

18、e symbolism is that the speaker is describing his lover as a lark. He uses this symbolism because he is portraying that his lover is as lovely as a songbird singing to the heavens. In line 13, the wealth that is brought to the speaker every time he thinks of his lover shows how happy she makes him f

19、eel. Shakespeare uses this as symbolism because he is displaying that love his strong enough to pull someone out of their darkest hours. Lastly, personification can be found in line 3. Shakespeare is giving Heaven human like characteristics, such as the ability to hear. He includes this in his sonne

20、t because this adds to the lonesomeness the speaker is feeling, since even God will not answer his wishes.Repetition: “l(fā)ike him” and “mans” in lines 6 and 7, This emphasizes that he wants to me like the other men other than remaining like himselfAlliteration: “think, thee, then” in line 11Rhyme: fol

21、lows pattern: abab cdcd ebeb ff, ex. “state, fate, gate” and “brings, kings” The use of rhyme is very common in sonnets. Tone: The tone of this sonnet is melancholy and upset. This melancholy, upset tone shows how bad the speaker feels. Towards then end of the poem the speakers mood changes and so d

22、oes the tone. The town shifts from melancholy and upset to happy and gracious.ThemeThe theme of Sonnet 29 is to show the importance of love. Money, society, and possessions are displayed as inferior components of humanity. The speaker changes to embrace the value of love which makes him superior to

23、a king and those of higher social classes. The theme of this sonnet is the feeling of love can overpower the feelings of self-hate. The poem conveys this theme well because it starts with the speaker talking about how much he dislikes his life. The speaker sites many examples of why this is how he f

24、eels. Then the speaker talks about how he by change thinks about his love and it lifts his spirits. This is one of Shakespeare's more ambiguous sonnets :one does not know who the speaker is referring to or if the word "love"in this sonnet refers to a romantic love or a platonic love. T

25、he whole poem expresses the changes of the author's inner feelings,which are from disappoint to hopeful,from negative to positive ,from desperate to affectionate ,from self-abased to confident. discloses the desire of appetite ,lust and power and proposes that appetite is the basic desire, lust

26、has its own duality ,the desire for power is a danger and finally the paper gives a way to deal with the desires. It is a poem which helps us sense the greatness of love,which is the center of his life,the sunshine on a cloudy day.Milton On His Blindness (Book 1 P148) When I consider how, my light i

27、s spent 我思量，我怎么還未到生命的中途， Ere half my days, in this dark world and wide, 就已耗盡光明，走上這黑暗的茫茫的世路， And that one talent which is death to hide 我這完全埋沒了的庸才，對我毫無用處，Lodged with me useless, though my soul more bent 雖然我的心思是要多多服務(wù)，To serve therewith my Maker, and present 想要鞠躬盡瘁地服務(wù)于我的創(chuàng)造主， My true account, lest He re

28、turning chide, 算清我的帳，免得他要向我發(fā)怒； Doth God exact day-labour, light denied ? “難道上帝不給光明卻要計算日工嗎？”I fondly ask: - But Patience, to prevent 我愚蠢地一問，“忍耐”就把我的話止住，That murmur, soon replies; God doth not need 立刻回答道：“上帝不需要人的服務(wù)， Either man's work, or His own gifts: who best 也不要你還他什么禮物； Bear His mild yoke, they

29、 serve Him best: His state 誰能忍受得起痛苦，就是最好的服務(wù)；Is kingly: thousands at His bidding speed 他的國度氣派堂皇，聽他差遣的不計其數(shù), And post o'er land and ocean without rest: 他們奔走忙碌于海洋和大陸； They also serve who only stand and wait. 那些站立得穩(wěn)，堅定不移的也是服務(wù)。Lines 1-8:Milton gets rather impatient at the thought of his blindness. He

30、is blind in the middle age. Blindness prevents him from using his poetic talent by writing something great to glorify God. He has a keen desire to serve God by using his poetic talent, because he knows that God wants man to use his God-given power or he may be punished. In an impatient mood Milton d

31、oubts if God would be just in demanding work from a blind man like him.Lines 8-14:Miltons attitude of doubt passes off in a moment. His inner conscience rises up with its faith in Gods justice. He realizes that God does not need mans work by way of service to him; nor does he care whether man uses H

32、is gifts. He is the King of kings; His dominion is over the universe. He has thousands of angels doing His biddings at all times flying over land and sea. He has thousands of others who stand by His throne and sing His praise. The latter too are as good as beloved as the active angels. So, patient s

33、ubmission to His will is the best service to Him.All the lines in the poem are in iambic pentameter. In this metric pattern, a line has five pairs of unstressed and stressed syllables, for a total of ten syllables. The first two lines of the poem illustrate this pattern.This sonnet is written in iam

34、bic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet. Figures of Speech:Alliteration: my days in this dark world and wide (line 2) Metaphor: though my soul more bent / To serve therewith my Maker (lines 3-4). The author compares his soul to his mind.Personification/Metaphor: But Pat

35、ience, to prevent / That murmur, soon replies . . .  (lines 8-9). Paradox: They also serve who only stand and wait. Theme:Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best so can endure the suffering best. This sonnet is written as a result of Miltons grief, as he lost

36、his eye sight at his middle age.God judges humans on whether they labor for him to the best of their ability. For example, if one carpenter can make only two chairs a day and another carpenter can make five, they both serve God equally well if the first carpenter makes his two chairs and the second

37、makes his five. If one carpenter becomes severely disabled and cannot make even a single chair, he remains worthy in the sight of God. For, as Milton says in the last line of the poem, "they also serve who only stand and wait." Milton decides to rationalize his fear by seeking solutions in

38、 his faith.ByronSonnet On Chillon(Book2 P28) Eternal Spirit of the chainless Mind! 你磅礴的精神之永恒的幽靈！Brightest in dungeons, Liberty! thou art: 自由呵，你在地牢里才最燦爛！For there thy habitation is the heart - 因為在那兒你居于人的心間The heart which love of thee alone can bind; 那心呵，它只聽命對你的愛情： And when thy sons to fetters ar

39、e consign'd 當(dāng)你的信徒們被帶上了枷鎖，To fetters, and the damp vault's dayless gloom, 在暗無天日的地牢里犧牲，Their country conquers with their martyrdom, 他們的祖國因此受人尊敬，And Freedom's fame finds wings on every wind. 自由的聲譽(yù)隨著每陣風(fēng)傳播。 Chillon! thy prison is a holy place, 錫雍！你的監(jiān)獄成了一隅圣地，And thy sad floor an altar -for 

40、9;twas trod, 你陰郁的地面變成了神壇，Until his very steps have left a trace 因為伯尼瓦爾在那里走來走去Worn, as if thy cold pavement were a sod, 印下深痕，仿佛你冰冷的石板By Bonnivard! May none those marks efface! 是生草的泥土！別涂去那足跡！For they appeal from tyranny to God. 因為它在暴政下向上帝求援。This sonnet is essentially of the Italian type, with slight m

41、odifications in the riming pattern in the octave (abba, acca, dedede).The “Sonnet on Chillon” which precedes the tale, is composed in memory of Bonnivard. Theme:This sonnet is written in praise of liberty, in praise of those who remain true to the ideals of freedom even when persecuted by their oppr

42、essors. It is a protest against the political reaction of that time.Figures of Speech and AnalysisThis poem dramatizes the conflict between liberty and tyranny, specifically in instances where tyrannical forces attempt to squelch liberty by imprisoning those who champion her virtues. The speaker pre

43、sents a paradox in the beginning of the poem, “Eternal Spirit of the chainless mind!/Brightest in dungeons, Liberty, thou art,-For there thy habitation is the heart,-” (1,2,3). The speaker personifies liberty and explains the paradox as the poem continues. Liberty is described as a living woman whos

44、e “sons” (5) are “consigned, to.dayless gloom” (5/6). In this gloom however, “l(fā)ove of thee alone can bind” (4). The speaker creates a long metaphor in which to win, tyranny must make men turn their hearts against their mother.Sonnet on Chillon is an Italian Sonnet. This form is important because con

45、flict is settled at the end of the octet. After setting up the conflict and paradox, and presenting the metaphor of liberty as a beloved mother who must be betrayed by her children in order for tyranny to triumph, the speaker ends the octet saying “Their country conquers with their martyrdom, And fr

46、eedom's fame finds wings on every wind.”(7/8). Tyranny, by locking up liberty's sons in “damp vaults” (6) succeeds only in creating martyrs whose example inspires the people, leading to their downfall.The rhyme scheme in the octet follows the pattern of a typical Italian Sonnet, A, B, B, A,

47、B, C, C, B. The first quatrain uses auditory rhymes “Mind!” (1) and “bind” (4), “art” (2) and “heart” (3). The second quatrain though, is all site rhymes, “consigned” (5) and “wind” (8), “gloom” (6) and “martyrdom” (7). This auditory dissonance forces the reader to slow down by breaking the rhythm o

48、f of the poem, making the reader think more about the speaker's message and acknowledge the seriousness of the speakers intent.After placing the reader in a position of finality, with the conflict already resolved and the speakers views made clear, the use of the Italian Form allows the speaker

49、to continue. The sextet begins, “Chillon!” (9). The exclamation grabs the readers attention, telling him that the speaker has more to say; “.thy prison is a holy place” (9). After using the octet to illustrate what could be a hypothetical situation of tyrannical oppression, the speaker declares bold

50、ly as the poem goes on that the situation is real, describing the prison as a “holy place” (9) whose “altar” (10) was consecrated by the “steps” (11) that “l(fā)eft a trace.as if thy cold pavement were a sod,” (11/12). The reader now knows that the prison is real, and that the martyr is real and has bee

51、n imprisoned so long as to wear through stone by walking upon it's surface. The speaker then names his martyr; “.Bonnivard!” (13).The sextet follows as simple rhyme scheme, D, E, D, E, D, E with all rhymes being auditory “place” (9) “trace” (11) “efface” (13) and “trod” (10) “sod” (12) “God” (14

52、). The straightforward rhyme scheme, combined with the exclamation points at the beginning of lines 9, 13 and 14 give the sextet a quick rising rhythm that creates excitement, enticing the reader to the speakers cause. The speaker ends with “For they appeal! From tyranny to God.” (14), halting the r

53、ising rhythm at a high place and purposely ending both the poem and his appeal to the reader with an appeal to God. The speaker leaves the reader swayed to his cause, if not by the rising fervent pace of the sextet, then by appeal to a higher metaphysical authority.She Walks in Beauty (Book2 P27)She

54、 walks in beauty, like the night她走在美的光影里，如夜空一般， Of cloudless climes and starry skies; 皎潔無云，星光燦爛，And all that' s best of dark and bright 白晝黑夜的色澤精粹， Meet in her aspect and her eyes: 在她的玉容秋波里交匯，Thus mellowed to that tender light 凝聚成一片柔雅情調(diào)， Which heaven to gaudy day denies. 濃艷的白晝也無法從上蒼得到。 2One shade

55、 the more, one ray the less, 多一道陰影，少一抹光暈， Had half impaired the nameless grace 都會令她失卻難言的風(fēng)韻，Which waves in every raven tress, 美涌動于她的每一縷秀發(fā)， Or softly lightens o'er her face; 溫柔地映照著她的臉頰，Where thoughts serenely sweet express 甜蜜而安詳?shù)乃季w在表達(dá)， How pure, how dear their dwelling place. 哦，那思想的寓所純潔而高雅。 3And o

56、n that cheek, and o' er that brow, 那面容，那眉宇， So soft, so calm, yet eloquent, 溫柔，安詳，似蘊(yùn)涵千言萬語，The smiles that win, the tints that glow, 那醉人的微笑，那生輝的容顏， But tell of days in goodness spent, 訴說著她在溫馨中度過的芳年，A mind at peace with all below, 寧靜的心境能容下人間萬象，A heart whose love is innocent! 圣潔的心靈里珍藏著愛的瓊漿。The poem

57、 was inspired by actual events in Byrons life. Once while at a ball Byron happened upon a beautiful woman, his cousin's wife, as she walked by. It is a narrative poem that describes the woman of much beauty and elegance. Stanza OneIn the first stanza of the poem, we're introduced to the woman the speaker is writing about, and are given a description of the ways she's beautiful. The poem itself is an extended description of that beauty (a common Romantic practice), but it is in this first stanza that we're give