學(xué)案1牛津譯林版選修7

1、M7U2 Fit for lifeGrammar and usage學(xué)案第一部分：重點講解短語動詞通常以動詞為中心，通常由動詞加副詞或介詞構(gòu)成。英語中大量短語動詞難以從字面意義上來判定其釋義，很多時候應(yīng)根據(jù)具體語境判斷它們的意義。有的短語動詞相當于及物動詞，有的則相當于不及物動詞。1 短語動詞的構(gòu)成 （1）動詞+副詞 clear away清除掉 put away收起 die away消失 call back回電話 look back回顧 walk back走回break down壞了 calm down平靜下來 get down咽下come up上來 blow up爆炸 turn up出現(xiàn)sh

2、ow off炫耀 give off散發(fā) take off脫下break out發(fā)生 blow out吹滅 run out 用完 （2）動詞+介詞bring about引起 look about 環(huán)顧四周 seek for尋找burst into 闖入 turn into使變成 look into調(diào)查 see to 處理 devote to貢獻給 deal with處理glance at匆匆一瞥 work at干 aim at向瞄準differ from與不同 result from由于 insist on堅持rely on依靠 bring in引進 hope for希望得到combine wi

3、th聯(lián)合 lead to導(dǎo)致，通向 set about著手 (3) 動詞+副詞+介詞 add up to總計 keep away from不靠近look down on輕視keep up with趕上 make up for彌補 get on with相處get close to接近 get out of逃避,避免 do away with廢除do well in在干得好 put up with忍受 catch up with趕上look up with仰望,尊敬 run out of用完 look forward togo on with繼續(xù) get down to認真開始 break aw

4、ay from2 短語動詞使用時須注意的幾點(1) 在短語動詞中,副詞可以放在動詞賓語前或后。但是如果賓語是代詞，則應(yīng)放在動詞和副詞之間。如： The young lovers have been trying to put some money aside for their marriage ceremony. 年輕的戀人一直努力存錢以備舉行婚禮時用。 He has put aside a little money for a rainy day. 他積蓄了一點錢以備不時之需。 When you do not understand a new word,you can look it up

5、 in this dictionary. 當你不理解新單詞的時候，你可以查字典。This method is very new and you can try it out to solve the hard problem.這種方法相當新，你可以試著用它去解決那個難題。（2）在帶有介詞的短語動詞中，介詞的賓語總是緊隨其后的。We have brought in a good harvest for three years .我們已經(jīng)連續(xù)三年獲得了豐收。Weve just come across an old friend we havent seen for ages.我們剛碰到了一位多年不

6、見的老朋友。Please keep away from the scene of the accident before the police come.在警察來之前，請勿靠近事故現(xiàn)場。The manager expects everyone to get down to his work after the national holidays.經(jīng)理要求大家國慶假期之后開始專心工作。（3）有些短語動詞后并不需要跟賓語，這時他們相當于不及物動詞。如：Mr Wangs new car broke down and he had to go to work by bike again.王先生的新汽車

7、壞了，他不得不又騎自行車去上班。The crowd broke up after the football games.足球比賽結(jié)束后，人們四處散開。（4）同一動詞，后面跟不同的副詞或介詞構(gòu)成意思不同的短語動詞。如：break down壞了；跨了break up拆散；解體；驅(qū)散break in闖入；插話 break off忽然停止講話；斷絕break out爆發(fā)；逃出break through沖破；突破；戰(zhàn)勝不同的動詞，后面跟上相同的副詞或介詞構(gòu)成意思不同的短語。make up組成；構(gòu)成；彌補；編造；化裝show up帶上樓；出席；露面；揭露hold up舉起來；阻塞；耽擱；抑制感情set u

8、p創(chuàng)立；建立；樹立；資助put up提出；舉起；建造take up拿起；舉起；開始（某）活動（5）一些短語動詞，具有多種釋義，需要根據(jù)全句語境對他們作出恰當理解。如：Hurry up,children!The plane will take off very soon.(起飛)After entering the room,he took off his coat .(脫下)The boss told him that he would take two weeks off in November.（休假） The woman broke down when someone told her

9、that her mother was dead.(崩潰)Interrupted by hankers,the computer system of that company has broken down.(癱瘓)Negotiations(談判) between the boss and workers have broken down失?。┏Ｒ姸陶Z： answer for 對。負責 go without 沒有也行agree with 同意（某人）hand in交上來agree to同意（建議） have nothing to do with與。無關(guān)agree on 達成一致have sth

10、.to do with與。有關(guān)aim at瞄準head for朝。去ask for請求helpin在。幫助belong to屬于hope for希望得到burst into突然。起來introduce to.把。介紹。begin with以。開始inspirewith以。激勵base on根據(jù)insist on堅持consist of由。組成interfere with妨礙congratulate on祝賀join sb.in加入某人一起come to an end結(jié)束knock at敲（門等）compare to把。比作long for渴望comparewith同。相比look up查閱，向

11、上看care for喜歡，照顧look on/oponas把?？醋鳌hange for用。交換learn by heart背會clear up放晴leave for動身區(qū)去come across偶然遇到lie in在于call up大電話live on靠。生活，以。為主食call for 要求，需要look through翻閱，瀏覽call on 拜訪（人），號召mix with同?；旌蟘all at拜訪（地）presentwith贈送cure of治愈persist in堅持depend on依靠putinto practice實施devote to把。用于reply to答復(fù)engage

12、 in從事rely on依靠end with以。結(jié)束recover from恢復(fù)get on/off上/下車rob of搶走get on/along進展run over碾過去get ready for準備好result from/in由。引起；導(dǎo)致get in收獲remember sb. to帶。問好grow up長大set about doing著手做give in讓步，投降succeed in 成功。go all out竭盡全力speak of說到go through通過share in分擔go over復(fù)習share sth.with sb.與某人共同使用第二部分發(fā)：練習I. 用所給短語

13、動詞的適當形式填空1 break in /break down/break off/break out/break througha)The old man _in the middle of the story.b)Influenza usually _in winter because of the cold weather.c)The robbers _ and looted (搶劫)the warehouse.（貨棧）d)The old washing machine seems to _ again.e)They hope to _ soon in their fight again

14、st the disease.2 make up/turn up/set up/take up/put up a)The girl is very quick at _ excuses. b)The young swimmer _ a new record in the backstroke. c)Kate _the piano when she was only five years old. d)The long-lost watch _ down the back of the old table. e)The examination result will _ on this boar

15、d tomorrow.3 try on/keep an eye on/rely on/insist on/look down on a)British summers are awful and we can not _the weather. b)Will you _ this pair of trousers ? c)We should not _ the young men who havent been to college. d)Would you be kind enough to _the lovely baby for a while? e)Last night his wif

16、e _his wearing a black suit for the party.II. 單項填空1. Its ten years since the scientist _on his lifes work of discovering the valuable chemical. A. made forB. set outC. took offD. turned up2. It is wise to have some money _for age. A. put awayB. kept upC. given away D. laid up3. It was dark and we de

17、cided to _for the night at a farm house. A. put awayB. put downC. put upD. put out4. I can hardly hear the radio. Would you please _? A. turn it onB. turn it downC. turn it upD. turn it off5. Dont mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may _ the shocking ending. A. give awayB. give outC.

18、give upD. give off6. It was not a serious illness, and she soon _ it. A. got overB. got on withC. got aroundD. got out of7. We didnt plan out art exhibition like that but it _ well. A. carried outB. tried outC. kept onD. worked out8. You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please _ the bo

19、oks when you have finished with them. A. put onB. put downC. put backD. put off9. Readers can _ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word. A. get overB. get inC. get alongD. get through10. The final examination is coming up soon. Its for us to _ our studies. A. get down to B. get out

20、C. get back forD. get over11. Helen always helps her mother even though going to school _ most of her day. A. takes upB. makes upC. saves upD. puts up12. The village people prevented their cattle from _ the wheat field. A. breaking inB. breaking outC. breaking intoD. breaking away13. For all these years I have been working for others. Im hoping Ill _my own business someday. A. turn upB. fix upC. set upD. make up14. Lucy _ a lot of Japanese by playing with the native boys and girls. A. picked upB. took upC. made upD. turned up15.Having decided to re