選修八unit1知識點版本

1、選修八uni t 1知識點選修八Unit 1 A land of diversity單元要點預覽（旨在讓同學整體了解本單元要點）詞 匯 部 分詞語 辨析1. means / way / method2. percent / percentage3. obvious / apparent/ evident / clear 4. hire / employ / rent詞 形 變 化1. elect vt.選舉，推舉；選擇vi.進行選 舉，作出選擇election n.選舉，推舉，當選elective adj.可任意選擇的n.選修科目2. immigrate vi.移入immigration n.

2、移民入境immigrant n.移民, 僑民3. race n賽跑;黨爭；人種v.參賽racial adj.人種的，種族的racism n.種族歧 視，種族偏見；種 族主義4. apparent adj.顯然的，明白的，表面上的apparently adv.顯然，表面上地5. punishment n.罰，開罰punish vt.懲罰，處罰重 點 單詞1. majority n.大多數(shù)；大半2. applicant n.申請人3. occur vi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)；存在4. indicate vt.指出;標/、；表明5. slip vi.滑動；滑行；滑跤n.滑倒；小過失；失誤6. insert v

3、t.插入,嵌入重 點 詞 組1. live on繼續(xù)生活或存在2. make a life習慣于新的生活方式、工作等3. keep up堅持；維持；沿襲古老的風俗、傳統(tǒng)等；使某人不能去睡覺4. team up with （與某人）一起工作（尤指為一共同目標）；合作5. mark out劃線標出界線6. take in包括；吸收；接納；欺騙7. a great/good many相當多，很多重點句 子1. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.2. Exactly when

4、the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.重點語 法名詞性從句（見語法部分）語言要點（模塊）I .詞語辨析（旨在提供完形填空所需材料）1. means / way / method【解釋】means方法、方式、工具”，著重于具體的手段。(單復數(shù)相同)way.般的方法、方式或個人的特殊方法方式”，與技巧或效果的好壞無 關。method有系統(tǒng)的、有效率的精心擬定的方法”，也可以指抽象概念 條理”。短語搭配： 做 的方法：a way to do sth/a way of doing

5、sth. / a method ofdoing sth.； 用這種/些方法：in this way / with the method / by this means； 用方法，借助 ：by means of.無論如何：by all means； 一點也不，決不(用于句首句子需倒裝)：by no means； by the way順便問一下； on one' s way to 在去的路上；in the way擋住路【練習】用 means, way, method填空。1) . These vegetables can be cooked in different.2) . Only i

6、n this can you find out the truth.3) . By this I get in touch with him.4) . We express our thoughts by of words.5) .shall I lend him money!6) . The methods of(teach) need(improve).Keys: 1). ways 2). way 3). means 4). means 5). By no means6) . teaching; improving / to be improved2. percent / percenta

7、ge【解釋】percent表示 百分之”，相當于%”，其前面往往是一個具體的數(shù)字。percentag盛示 百分比；百分率”，前面不能是具體數(shù)字，只能被high, low等修飾?！揪毩暋?用 percent, percentage空。1) . I am a hundred in agreement with you.2) . This company only supply 30 of what we need.3) . The numbers are small, in terms, but significant.4) . There used to be a high of babies

8、that diet scarlet fever every year.Keys: 1). percent 2). percent 3). percentage 4). percentagehat percentage3. obvious / apparent/ evident / clear【解釋】obvious意為 某東西具有顯著特點，不需費力就可覺察到，常用于一目了然 的事物”。apparent意為表面看起來很明顯，而實際情況未必如此evident意為 宥證據(jù)作出合理判斷，考慮到各種事實、條件后而顯得明顯clear意為 不存在使人迷惑或使問題復雜化的因素【練習】用 obvious, app

9、arent evident, clear填空。1) . It was an mistake for him to have gone alone.2) . The situation is to everyone.3) . It was becoming increasingly that he disliked me.4) . The applause made it that the play was a hit.Keys: 1). obvious 2). clear 3). apparent 4). evident4. hire / employ / renthire是日常用語，指按工作

10、量或時間雇用人或租借東西，有 花錢使用某物”和 把某物使用權出讓給別人以收取費用”之意；多指臨時租用某物。如：hire a boat a car, a camera a bicycle, an evening dress a hall for a meeting等，指人時，有 雇用"、受雇”兩種含義。employ較正式，多指商店或公司長期雇用人手；受雇人員較廣，甚至包括社 會血位較高的職業(yè)人員，有聘請”之義；也可以解釋為 忙于，從事”常用于be employed in sth. / doing sth.短語中。注：要弄清employ幾個名詞的用 法：employee 催工，雇員)，e

11、mployer (P主，東家)，employment (M 業(yè)，雇用)。rent一股指租借房屋、地產(chǎn)(租借出去)；也有 花錢使用某物”和 把某物使用 權出讓給別人以收取費用”之意；多指用于長時間的場合。如：rent a house, a flat, a TV等。rent還可作名詞，意為 租金；租費”?！揪毩暋坑胔ire, employ, rent填空。1) . Our house has been by a newly-married couple.2) . It ' s important to proper words in writing poem.3) . They in wr

12、iting when I came.4) . They out boats by the hour.5) . We a driver to take us on a tour of the city.Keys: 1). rented 2). employ 3). were employed 4). hire 5). hired葭詞性變化(旨在提供語法填空所需材料)1. elect vt.選舉，推舉；選擇vi.進行選 舉，作出選擇election n.選舉，推舉， 當選elective adj.可任意選擇的n.選修科目2. immigrate vi.移入immigration n.移民入境imm

13、igrant n.移民, 僑民3. race n賽跑；克爭；人種v.參賽racial adj.人種的，種族的racism n.種族歧視,種 族偏見；種族主義4. apparent adj.顯然的，明白的，表面上 的apparently adv.顯然，表 面上地5. punishment n.罰,開罰punish vt.懲罰,處罰【練習】用括號內(nèi)所提供詞的適當形式填空。1) . In America, presidential(elect) are held every four years.2) . They deserve to(punish) for putting passengers

14、at risk.3) . She had to tidy the classroom as(punish) for being late.4) . She was the daughter of Chinese(immigrate) to America.5) . There was a sudden increase(immigrate) in from Eastern Europe.6) . He is a victim of(race) discrimination.7) . She turned to face him, her anger(apparent) gone.8) . Th

15、eir motives, as will soon become (apparently), are completelyselfish.Keys: 1). elections 2). be punished 3). punishment 4). immigrants5) . immigration 6). racial 7). apparently 8). apparent出.重點詞匯(旨在提供詞匯綜合運用所需材料)1. majority n.大多數(shù)；大半 major adj.&n.較大的，主要的；主修，專攻(反義詞minority少數(shù)；少數(shù)民族)典例1) . A / The maj

16、ority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health.大多數(shù)醫(yī)生認為吸煙對健康極為有害。2) . The majority was/were in favour of the proposal.多數(shù)人贊成這個建議。重點用法be in the/a majority構成大部分/大多數(shù) a majority over sb超過對方的票數(shù)2. applicant n.申請人 application n.申請(書)；應用；用途 apply v.申請；運用，適用典例1) . We had 250 applicants for

17、the job有 250人申請這份工作。2) . As the wages were low, there were few applicants for the job因為工資低，沒有什麼人申請這份工作。重點用法apply for.申請apply to.適用fill in the application form for sth. 填寫申請表練習根據(jù)句子的要求在括號里填入適當?shù)脑~或翻譯。3) . Successful(apply) will receive notification within the week.4) . This rule can ' t be applied(介

18、詞)every case.通用)married5) . You should 中請)the job immediately, in person or by letter.6) . The question in the second half of the form men only.Keys: 1). applicants 2). to 3). apply for 4). apply to3. occur vi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)；存在典例1） . The tragedy occurred only minutes after take-off 這一悲居 U在起飛后幾分鐘內(nèi)就 發(fā)生了。2） . D

19、idn ' t it occur to you that hghtibe late?你當時沒有想到他可能會遲到嗎' 重點用法occur to.（主意）浮現(xiàn)于腦海中；被想到；被想起；（某人）想到 4. indicate vt.指出； 標示； 表明 indication n.指出； 表明 indicative adj.指示的；喑小的典例1) . I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite.問他握姐 姐在哪，他指指對面的商店。2) . Research indicates that men fi

20、nd it easier to give up smoking than womenff 究表 明男人感到比女人更容易戒煙。重點用法indicate sth (to sb)指示； 指出； 標示indicate that/wh-表小；小意練習根據(jù)句子的意思，在括號里填入適當?shù)脑~。3) . The government has 表明)that it intends to cut taxes.4) . A flashing red light(標示)that a stretch of road was undergoing repairs.5) . There is every(indicate)

21、of a change in the weather.Keys: 1). indicated2). indicated3). indication5. slip vi.滑動；滑行；滑跤 n.滑倒；小過失；失誤 slippery adj.滑溜的 典例1) . My foot slipped and I nearly fell.我的腳一滑，差點跌到。2) . She slipped into the room when no one was looking她趁無人注意的時候溜進了 房間。重點用法let slip.錯過； 無意中說出 let sth. slip through your finger

22、s錯過(機會)，失去(機會)a slip of the tongue 口 誤練習根據(jù)句子的要求在括號里填入適當?shù)脑~或翻譯。3) . She 無意中說出)that she was intending to leave thecompany.4) . As the years by, I thought more and more about him.5) . Drive very carefully; the roads are wet and(slip).Keys: 1). let slip 2). slipped 3). slippery6. insert vt.插入，嵌入典例He inse

23、rted a key into a lock.他把鑰匙插進鎖中。重點用法insert sth (in/into/between sth)插入、放入、置入或嵌於某物或某兩物間IV .重點詞組(旨在提供綜合運用所需材料)1. live on繼續(xù)生活或存在典例She lived on for many years after her husband diecbt 夫死接她繼續(xù)活了 多年。短語歸納live短語：live on sth以某物為食；靠某種經(jīng)濟來源生活live by doing sth靠做某事物為生live for sth以某事物為生活目標live through sth經(jīng)歷某事物而幸存li

24、ve together在一起生活；同live a. life過著的生活live with sth接受或容忍某現(xiàn)象live to be. = live to the age of.活到歲live up to sth依照某事物行事；表現(xiàn)出符合某事物的標準練習根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當?shù)膌ive短語。1) . The lonely old man charity.2) . Mozart is dead but his music.3) . My grandfather both world wars.4) . We should work hard and try to our parentse

25、xpectations.5) . The brave girl is learning to her disability.Keys: 1). live on 2). lives on 3). lived through 4). live up to 5). live with2. make a life習慣于新的生活方式、工作等典例They settled down in Canada and made a life for themselves.他們在加拿大定居下來，習慣新的生活方式。短語歸納life短語：bring sb/sth (back) to life給某人/事物的活力；使復活la

26、y down one ' s life (for sb/sth)獻身；犧牲生命lead a dog ' siffie一般的生活(長期憂慮、痛苦或悲傷)make one' s way in lift 生活中有所成就take one ' s (owe： commit suicide 自殺put an end to one ' s life: kill orSsfelftake sb ' s life: killlb某人性命a/sb ' s way of life某人的或某些人的)生活方式end one' s days/life (in

27、 sth處於某狀況下或在某處)度過余生練習根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當?shù)慕樵~或翻譯。1) . He laid down his life the cause of freedom.2) . They interview people from各行各業(yè)的人).3) . She adapted easily to the French生（舌方式）.Keys: 1）. for 2）. all walks of life 3）. way of life3. keep up堅持；維持；沿襲古老的風俗、傳統(tǒng)等；使某人不能去睡覺典例1） . You' re all doing a splendid

28、 job; keep up the good worl#；們干得者B很出色,要堅持下去！2） . I do hope we ' re not keeping yoUUp. 望我們沒有耽誤你睡覺。短語歸納keep短語：keep up with sb/sth.跟上（某人/某事物）；、跟上（形勢）keep （on） doing sth.繼續(xù)做某事物；重復做某事物keep away from （使某人/事物）不靠近某人/事物keep sb back from sb/sth（使某人）與某人/事物保持距離keep sth. backffi 止某事物keep oneself/sb from sth/

29、doing sthfj 自己 /某人不能做某事物keep sth from sb不將某事告訴某人keep off （sb/sth）不接近或不接觸某人/事物keep sb/sth out （of sth）不讓某人/物進入（某處）keep in touch with保持與某人的聯(lián)系keep fit保持健康練習根據(jù)句子的要求在括號里填入適當?shù)脑~1) . The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices 詞).2) . She likes to keep up 介詞)the latest fashions.3) . The house is becomi

30、ng too expensive for them to f1 修).4) . We should try to 沿襲)our old customs.5) . Police warned bystanders to(靠近)the blazing building.6) . I think we ought to把實情告訴他 )until he ' s better.Keys: 1). up 2). with 3). keep up 4). keep up 5). keep away from 6). keep the truth from him4 .team up with (與某

31、人)一起工作(尤指為一共同目標)；合作典例The two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing cat.兩個公司已合作研制新型賽車。5 . mark out劃線標出界線典例Please mark out the sntences that you dont understand with a red出你不懂的句子。重點用法be marked with.標 t 己著練習根據(jù)句子的要求在括號里填入適當?shù)脑~。1) .I' ve lost a case 標t己著)“IX" on its back2）. She careful

32、ly 劃線標出）the important phrases and sentencepatterns.Keys: 1）. marked with 2）. marked out6. take in包括；吸收；接納；欺騙典例1） . The students find it easy to take in what you teach#生發(fā)現(xiàn)你的課很好懂。2） . He had nowhere to sleep so we offered to take him inffc沒地方可以睡，我們于 是就提出讓他留宿。短語歸納take短語：take apart拆開；剖析，抨擊（論點等）take down

33、拿下，取下；拆卸；記下take back取回，帶回；收回說過的話；使 回憶起昔日take care of照料，保管take up開始從事；占用（時間或空間）；著手處理take medicine®藥take it easy別緊張，慢慢來take over繼承，接收，接管take off脫下（衣服等）；起飛take on承擔，從事；呈現(xiàn)take one ' s plOcft；代替某人的位置take one ' s t而急, 慢慢干7. a great/good many相當多，彳艮多典例It all happened a good many years ago&

34、發(fā)生在彳艮多年前。重點用法a great/good many a large number of scores of dozens of many/few修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)many a修飾可數(shù)名詞單 數(shù)a good/great deal ofa large/great amount of large amounts of much / little / a little修飾/、可數(shù)名詞a lot of = lots ofplenty ofa large/great quantity of = quantities ofa supply of = supplies of可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)/、可數(shù)名詞練習根據(jù)句子的要求翻譯。彳艮多)money, I1) . I e known her for 很多)years.2) . I imagine if