上海市黃浦區(qū)高三英語一模

1、黃浦區(qū)2018學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量試卷高三英語 （滿分140分，完卷時間120分鐘） 2018.12. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for t

2、he other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Just How Buggy is Your Phone?What item in your home crawls with the most germs? If you say _21_ toilet seat, youre wrong. Kitchen sponges top the list. But cell phones are pretty dirty too. They contain around 10 times as many germs as toilet s

3、eats. People touch their phones, laptops, and other digital devices all day long, yet rarely clean them.In one incident, a thief paid a terrible price for stealing a germy cell phone. He stole it from a hospital in Uganda during a widespread of the deadly disease Ebola. The phones owner reported the

4、 theft before _22_（die）from the disease. Soon, the thief began showing symptoms and finally _23_（confess）to the crime._24_ in that unusual case a cell phone carried dangerous bacteria, not all germs are bad. Most cause no harm. In fact, they could provide helpful information. Look at the surface of

5、your phone carefully. Do you see some dirty mars?“That's all you,”says microbial ecologist Jarrad Hampton-Marcell.“Thats biological information.”It turns out that the types of germs that you apply all over your phone or tablet are different from _25_ of your friends and family. Theyre like a fin

6、gerprint that could identify you. Some day in the future, investigators may use these microbial fingerprints to solve crimes. Phones and digital devices may be one of the best places to look for buggy clues.In a 2017 study, researchers sampled a range of surfaces in 22 participants homes, _26_ count

7、ertops and floors to computer keyboards and mice. Then they tried to match the microbial fingerprints on each object to its owner. The office equipment was easiest to match to its owner. In an _27_（early）study, a different group of researchers found that they could use microbial fingerprints to iden

8、tify the person who _28_（use）a computer keyboard even after the keyboard sat untouched for two weeks at room temperature.One day, microbial signatures might show _29_ people have gone and what they have touched. They could prove _30_ an unmarked device is yours. So, sure, your phone is pretty germy.

9、 Does that inspire you, or does it just bother you?Section BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. measurement B. similar C. remarkably D. monetary E. astronomy F. alteredG. civilizat

10、ion H. defined I. independence J. invariably K. dominatedThe NileThe ancient Greek writer Herodotus once described Egypt-with some envy-asthe gift of the Nile. The Egyptians depend on the river for food, for water and for life. The Ancient Egyptians were able to control and use the Nile, creating th

11、e earliest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous _31_.Snaking through the deserts, the Nile would flood almost _32_ each year in June. Once the water subsided, a rich deposit of sand was left behind, making an excellent topaoil. Seeds were sown, yielding wheat, barley, beans, lentils and le

12、eks. Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians, so during the dry seasons, they dug basins and channels to deliver water to their land. They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood.An early system of _33_ a Nilometer, was used to determine the size of the floods.

13、 Later, during the New Kingdom, a lifting system called a shaduf was used to raise water from the river-_34_ to the way in which a well is used today.The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions. Without a(n) _35_ system they exchanged goods, bringing back timber, precious stones, pot

14、tery, spices and animals. Their efforts in medicine were also _36_ advanced: surgeons performed operations to remove cysts（囊腫）. Mummification gave them great understanding of the human body-yet they also relied heavily on various medicines to prevent disease, and discoveries were often confused with

15、 superstition（迷信）. And while a great deal of time was dedicated to _37_ the Egyptians thought the stars were gods.By the 16th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in 1882. What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won _38_ from Britain after World War . The Suez Canal,

16、opened in 1869, _the country as a center for world transportation. But it, and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 _40_ the ecology of the Nile, which now struggles to satisfy the countrys rapidly growing population, currently more than 76 million-the largest in the Arab world. Reading Comp

17、rehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Keeping The Taps Running in Thirsty CitiesWater covers 71% of Earths surface yet only 2% of it is accessi

18、ble as a source of fresh water. _41_ on this limited resources is rising, a trend likely to continue.It is important to recognize that it is not just city residents who _42_ water. Agriculture, industry and tourism often require more water than the municipal water supply. Globally, 70% of fresh wate

19、r is _43_ for agriculture, but locally in heavily irrigated（灌溉）areas this can increate to 90%. A healthy environment also requires fresh water, and the quality of available water is as important as its _44_.Water stress is not always caused by physical shortages in dry areas. _45_ for water resource

20、s between different users within river catchments or basins can also be a cause.Every thirsty city operates within its own context, _46_ to the challenge of providing adequate water supplies. Cape Town, _47_, has faced three years of drought during which winter rains failed to materialize. At the en

21、d of the 2017 rainy season the city faced the _48_ of its dams running dry during 2018. The dams were only 37% fullin the same week four years before they were full to the top. In January 2018, it was _49_ that Cape Town would reach Day Zero, when it would be forced to turn off the taps, in April. T

22、his was despite the city reducing its water use by more than half, from 1.2 billion litres a day in 2015 to fewer than 600 million litres, and working _50_ with industry and agriculture to reduce demand.On February 1, the authorities put in place a strict limit of 50 litres of water per person per d

23、ay. _51_, in Britain this is considered enough for a five-minute shower of half a washing machine cycle on full load.In addition, a ban was placed on using _52_ water for gardens, water management devices were installed at household with a high water use and the water pressure was reduced to cut dem

24、and and leaks. At the same, the city launched a media _53_ to change habits and introduced higher duties. This is not without its costs; agriculture and tourism, both significant areas of employment, have _54_. It is a classic example of the problem of water economics-the cost of water is low but th

25、e cost of a lack of water is very high.Crises such as the Cape Town drought are in danger of becoming the new norm. The _55_ of Day Zero must serve as a wake-up call for cities across the world to develop cost-effective water management strategies to cope with an uncertain future.41. A. ImpactB. Pre

26、ssureC. ImpressionD. Observation42. A. recycleB. wasteC. consumeD. apply43. A. restoredB. abstractedC. separatedD. preserved44. A. changeB. sourceC. originD. volume45. A. CompetitionB. ProtectionC. ConstructionD. Regulation46. A. contributingB. regardingC. respondingD. referring47. A. in additionB.

27、for exampleC. on the contraryD. as a result48. A. prospect B. illustrationC. symptomD. security49. A. reportedB. presentedC. predictedD. explained50. A. respectivelyB. increasinglyC. restrictivelyD. extensively51. A. By comparisonB. In other wordsC. To our surpriseD. Whats more52. A. feasibleB. drin

28、kableC. inevitableD. influential53. A. campaignB. statementC. presentationD. advertisement54. A. invadedB. liberatedC. sufferedD. proceeded55. A. changeB. theoryC. recordD. threatSection B(A)Despite an advertisement campaign suggesting wall-to-wall special effects, “Bridge of Terabithia” is grounded

29、 in reality far more than in fantasy. Adapting Katherine Patersons award-winning novel, the screenwriters David Paterson and Jeff Stockwell have produced a thoughtful and extremely affecting story of a transformative friendship between two unusually gifted children. The result is a movie whose emoti

30、onal depth could appeal more to adults than to their children.Jess Aarons (Josh Hutcherson) is a sixth grader with four sisters, financially tensed parents and a talent for drawing. An introverted(內(nèi)向的) kid who is regularly picked on by the school buses, Jess forms a bond with a new student named Les

31、lie (Anna Sophia Robb), a free spirit whose parents, both writers, are fondly neglectful. An attraction between outsiders, their friendship feeds on her words and his pictures; together they create an imaginary kingdom in the woods behind their homes, a world they can control and where their minds c

32、an wander free.Beautifully capturing a time when a bully in school can occur as large as a monster in a nightmare and the encouragement of a teacher can alter the course of a life, “Bridge to Terabithia” keeps the fantasy in the background to find magic in the everyday. Gabor Csupo directs this, his

33、 first feature, like someone close to the pain of being different, fascinated in tiny, perfect details.With strong performances from all the leads, “Bridge to Terabithia” is able to handle adult topics with sensitivity. As the emotional landscape darkens, those who havent read the book may be surpri

34、sed at the sorrow the filmmakers cause without ever resorting to horror or terror. In other words, your children may cry, but they wont be traumatized so badly.Consistently smart and delicate as a spider web, “Bridge to Terabithia” is the kind of childrens movie rarely seen nowadays. At a time when

35、many public schools are being forced to cut music and art from the curriculum, the storys insistence on the healing power of a cultivated imagination is both welcome and essential.56.The second paragraph indicates that Jess and Leslie _.A. lost their control over the imaginary kingdomB. looked down

36、on their individual realitiesC. formed a good friendship despite their different talentsD. wrote a book about a magical land called Terabithia57.Which of the following words is most likely to replace “traumatized” (paragraph 4)?A. criticizedB. ignoredC. delightedD. shocked58.The two children most li

37、kely _.A. skipped school to play in the woods behind their campusB. created an imaginary world as an escape from realityC. disappointed their parents with their over-active imaginationsD. won against the bullies at school with strong performances59.Which of the following statements will the author m

38、ost probably agree with?A. The fantasy components of the movie were too over-done.B. The movie is motional but not much too dramatic.C. “Bridge to Terabithia” has a negative impact on public school education.D. Children shouldnt watch the film as they are too young to understand the topics.(B)Hot Ai

39、r BalloonsA hot air balloon is made up of 3 main parts:The EnvelopeThe actual fabric balloon which holds the airThe BurnerThe unit which pushes the heat up into the envelopeThe BasketWhere the passengers and pilot standThe basis of how the balloon works is that warmer air rises in cooler air. This i

40、s because hot air is lighter than cool air as it has less mass per unit of volume. Mass can be defined by the measure of how much matter something contains. The actual balloon has to be large as it takes a large amount of heated air to lift it off the ground. The burner uses propane gas to heat up t

41、he air in the envelope to move the balloon off the ground and into the air. The pilot must keep firing the burner at regular intervals throughout the flight to ensure that the balloon continues to the stable. Naturally, the hot air will not escape from the hot at the very bottom of the envelop as fi

42、rstly, hot air rises and secondly, the floating power keeps it moving up. To move the balloon upwards, the pilot opens up the propane value which lets the propane flow to the burner which in turn frees the flame up into the envelope. It works in much the same way as a gas grill: the more you open th

43、e valve, the bigger the flame to beat the air and the faster the balloon rises. The “Parachute Valve” at the very top of the balloon is what is used to bring the balloon down towards the ground. It is a circle of fabric cut out of the top of the envelop which is controlled by a rope which runs down

44、through the middle of the envelope to the basket. If the pilot wants to bring the balloon down, he or she simply pulls on the rope which will open the valve, letting hot air escape, decreasing the inner air temperature. This cooling of air causes the balloon to slow its rise. The pilot can operate h

45、orizontally by changing the vertical position of the balloon because the wind blows in different directions at different altitudes. If the pilot wants to move in a particular direction, he or she simply arises and falls to the appropriate level and rides with the wind. 60. The purpose of this articl

46、e is to _.A. explain how hot air balloons workB. illustrate why hot air balloons are usefulC. describe hot air balloons structureD. inform readers about how hot air balloons are made61. What would happen if the “Parachute Valve” could not be released after it was opened?A. The inside of the balloon

47、would continue to heat up.B. The balloon would climb up more rapidlyC. The self-sealing valve would need to take over the role of the Parachute Valve.D. The balloon would begin to move down more rapidly.62. Which of the following skills or knowledge would be the most useful to a balloon pilot?A. The

48、 ability to sew the panels of fabric together to make a balloon.B. An understanding of how propane gas is manufactured.C. A knowledge of the background of passengers who are travelling in the balloon.D. A knowledge of air currents and wind directions in the area where he is piloting the balloon.(C)

49、The surface of Venus has never seemed very hospitable. Temperatures change around 470°C(900°F), the result of a runway greenhouse effect, and the pressure of its atmosphere, thick with carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid(硫酸), is some 90 times that of Earths. Lead(鉛) would flow like water on V

50、enus, and water cannot have existed in liquid form for perhaps a billion years. Now NASAS Magellan spacecraft seems to have found one more horror in the nasty landscape: active volcanoes. Last week the space agency released the first detailed map of Venus and the most dramatic images ever made of it

51、s surface. The picture offer the best evidence to date that a planet once assumed dead is actually a lively pot of geological change. The most amazing image is of Venuss second tallest mountain, Maat Mons, which rises 8km(5 miles) . Most of the planets many peaks, including 9.5-km-(6-mile-) high Max

52、well Montes, look bright in the radar pictures Magellan takes from its orbit above the permanent could cover. That means they are strong reflectors of radar waves. But Maat Mons is dark; like the Stealth bomber, it absorbs much of the radar falling on it. This interesting fact, say project scientist

53、s, is a strong hint that the mountains has recently been covered with lava(熔巖). Rock that sits on the surface of mountaintops appears to weather quickly in the hot , chemically reactive atmosphere, creating a soil that is rich in iron sulfide(硫化鐵). It is this mineral, the scientists believe, that ca

54、n easily be seen on radar. If Maat Mons doesnt have any, it has probably been resurfaced, perhaps within the past few years. Such resurfacing has undoubtedly taken place in Venus lowlands: earlier images of the planet showed vast areas that are remarkably free of craters(火山坑). That would be easy to

55、explain on a Planet like Earth, where cratering from meteor strikes is erased by steady erosion. But while there is some evidence of wind erosion on Venus, the best explanation for the lack of cratering is periodic lava flow. Magellan has found direct evidence of such flows, including dome like upwe

56、llings and hardened streamed of rock trailing down the sides of Venusian peaks. There are also signs of other geologic activities, including dramatic faulting and several distinct incidents of mountain building. But the evidence cant indicate whether they really occurred millions of years ago. The c

57、ase for active Venusian volcanoes is not yet proved, but Magellan, which is now well into its second complete survey of the planets surface, may eventually settle the issue.63. Which of the following has NO possibility to be found on Venus now?A. Carbon dioxide B. Sulfuric acid C. Liquid water D. Active volcanoes64. The scientists believe that _ shows up easily on radar.A. geological change B. iron sulfide C. mountain mineral D. lava flow65. Which of the following is TRUE acc