2011年職稱英語等級考試模擬題（理工類A級）

1、2011年職稱英語等級考試模擬題一（理工類A級）第1部分：詞匯選項(第115題，每題1分，共15分)下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。1. She exhibited great powers of endurance during the climb.A. play B. send C. show D. tell2. The eternal motion of the stars fascinated him. A. long B. never-ending C. boring D. extensive3. She could not an

2、swer, it was an immense load off her heart. A. natural B. fatal C. tiny D.enormous4. The book made a great impact on its readers. A. force B. influence C. surprise D. power5. Accompanied by cheerful music, we began to dance.A. pleasant B. colorful C. fashionable D. different6. He was not eligible fo

3、r the examination because he was over age.A. competitive B. diligent C. qualified D. competent7. Her novel depicts an ambitious Chinese.A. writes B. sketches C. describes D. indicates8. Don't irritate her, she's on a short fuse today.A. tease B. attract C. annoy D. protect9. It is absurd to

4、go out in such terrible weatherA. ridiculous B. funny C. odd D. interesting10. I notified him that that my address had changed. A. informed B. observed C. mocked D. misled11. The manager allocate duties to the clerks.A. assign B. persuade C. ask D. order12. The once barren hillsides are now good far

5、mland.A. hairless B. bare C. empty D. bald13. It is postulated that a cure for the disease will have been found by the year 2000.A. challenged B. assumed C. deducted D. decreed14. We must abide by the rules.A. stick to B. persist in C. safeguard D. apply15. From my standpoint, you know, this thing i

6、s just funny.A. position B. point of view C. knowledge D. opinion第2部分：閱讀判斷(第1622題，每題1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B;如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。Sonic DeviceThe other day, Dr. Robert Smith, who is blind, took a remarkable stroll through the campus of the University o

7、f California at Santa Barbara. As Dr. Smith walked along the campus, places and impediments (障礙物) in his path seemed to call out their names to him “l(fā)ibrary here, library here”, “bench here, bench here”.Dr. Smith was testing a prototype (樣機) navigation system for the blind that anounced the surround

8、ing objects through stereo headphones that were mounted to a computer in his back-pack, creating a virtual reality landscape (仿真影像). The information came not from some miniature radar but from the signals broadcast by the militarys network of gloal positioning satellites (全球定位衛(wèi)星). One day, its devel

9、opers hope, miniaturized (小型化的) versions of this navigation devices, which now weighs twenty-eight pounds, will help the blind navigate unfamiliar neighborhoods.“With this system you do not need to know a thing in advance about where you are going”, said Dr. Roberta Klatzky, a psychologist at Carneg

10、ie-Mellon University who is working with Dr. Smith to develop the navigating device. Dr. Michael Oberdor of the National Eye Institute said, “A blind person could walk down the street and know not just he was at 80th and Broadway, but what stores are around, and that Zabars delicatessen (熟食店) was up

11、 ahead. This navigation system tells you not just where there are obstacles, but your overall location geographically.” It lets blind users construct a mental map of new surroundings and learn their way around.The navigation system uses signals from a computerized map to create a “virtual acoustic d

12、isplay(仿真聲音顯示).” This is a talking map in which large objects seem to announce themselves in the headphones with the precise timing and loudness that would be the case if the objects were actually making a sound. This allows the blind person to sense immediately his or her distance or direction, and

13、 use that information for guidance. While no one knows whether it is because blind people tend to develop a sharper sense of hearing, those who have tried the system say that they quickly adapt to locating an object through the sounds. “One of the crucial features of this system is that it takes adv

14、antage of sensory paychophysics (感官心理物理學(xué)) how the brain interprets signals from outside to make a map of your surroundings so you can navigate,” Dr. Oberdor said.16.Thanks to the help of this sonic device, blind people can hear obstacles in the way speaking out their names.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not m

15、entioned17. Dr. Smith hopes to make this device smaller so as to help the blind navigate unfamiliar places. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned18. Although this device will be useful, most of the blind may not afford it.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned19. According to Dr. Oberdor, this device can l

16、ead the blind people to the exact place he/she wants to go.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned20. The blind can hear better than ordinary people.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned21. Scientists intend to reduce the weight of this device to ten pound.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned22. Sensory psych

17、ophysics play a vital part in the invention of this device.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意與完成句子（第2330題，每題1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：(1)第2326題要求從所給的6個選項中為第36段每段選擇1個最佳標題；(2)第2730題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選項。Electromagnetic Energy1. White light seems to be a combination of all colors. The energy tha

18、t comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see. Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light. On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool. Visible light and the kind of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electrom

19、agnetic energy.2. The sun is 93 million miles from the earth. Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space.3. Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy. Radio, television, and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as

20、low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared (紅外線的) radiation is an electromagnetic wave. When it is absorbed by matter, heat is produced. Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio, television, or radar.  Ultraviolet rays (紫外線) and X-rays are electromagnetic waves w

21、ith even greater amounts of energy. Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms.  X-rays and gamma rays have so mush energy tha

22、t they travel right through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer. X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal, and in medicine to reveal broken bones.  4. Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy. The source of most of our energy is the

23、sun. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate. When the water falls to the earth as rain, some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators. Other generators are powered by coal, but the energy stored in coal came from the sun, too.5. Until recently, the source of the

24、 tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle. If the sun depended on chemical reactions, it would have used up all its energy long ago. Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy. About forty years after the theory was propos

25、ed, nuclear energy was harnessed (利用) by man. Chemical energy comes from electron (電子) rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemical reactions, nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel. We now believe that the sun

26、's energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium (氦).6. Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate electricity. It is also being used to operate engines in large ships. Scientists continue to seek new and bette

27、r methods of obtaining and using energy.23. Paragraph 3 _24. Paragraph 4 _ 25. Paragraph 5 _ 26. Paragraph 6 _ A. Nuclear Reactions as the Lasting Source of the Sun's EnergyB. The Most Important Source of EnergyC. Types of Electromagnetic EnergyD. The Machines Used for Energy GenerationE. S

28、eeking New Sources of EnergyF. The Use of Ultraviolet Radiation in Medicine27. One can get a sunburn even _.28. Infrared radiation can produce heat _. 29. X-rays and gamma rays can be used to detect and treat cancer _.30. Chemical energy is generated _. A. when it is absorbed by matter  &#

29、160;       B. when it is cloudy          C. because they can pass through solid objects          D. when the sunrays are fierce         

30、; E. when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes place          F. when electron rearrangement takes place第4部分：閱讀理解(第3145題，每題3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。第一篇Pool WatchSwimmers can drown (淹死) in busy swimming pools when lifeguards (救生員)

31、fail to notice that they are in trouble. The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents says that on average 15 people drown in British pools each year, but many more suffer major injury after getting into difficulties. Now a French company has developed an artificial intelligence (人工智能) system c

32、alled Poseidon that sounds the alarm when it sees someone in danger of drowning.When a swimmer sinks towards the bottom of the pool, the new system sends an alarm signal to a poolside monitoring station and a lifeguard's pager. In trials at a pool in Ancenis, near Nantes, it saved a life within

33、just a few months, says Alistair MeQuade, a spokesman for its maker, Poseidon Technologies.Poseidon keeps watch through a network of underwater and overheard video cameras. AI software analyses the images to work out swimmers trajectories. To do this reliably, it has to tell the difference between a

34、 swimmer and the shadow of someone being cast onto the bottom or side of the pool. “The underwater environment is a very dynamic one, with many shadows and reflections dancing around.” says McQuade.The software does this by “projecting” a shape in its field of view onto an image of the far wall of t

35、he pool. It does the same with an image from another camera viewing the shape from a different angle. If the two projections are in the same position, the shape is identified as a shadow and is ignored. But if they are different, the shape is a swimmer and so the system follows its trajectory.To pic

36、k out potential drowning victims, anyone in the water who starts to descend slowly is added to the software's “pre-alert” list, says McQuade. Swimmers who then stay immobile on the pool bottom for 5 seconds or more are considered in danger of drowning. Poseidon double-checks (仔細檢查) that the imag

37、e really is of a swimmer, not a shadow, by seeing whether it obscures the pool's floor texture when viewed from overhead. If so, it alerts the lifeguard, showing the swimmer's location on a poolside screen.The first full-scale Poseidon system will be officially opened next week at a pool in

38、High Wycombe. Buckinghamshire. One man who is impressed with the idea is Travor Baylis, inventor of the clockwork radio. Baylis runs a company that installs swimming pools, and he was once an underwater escapologist with a circus. “I say full marks to them if this works and can save lives,” he says.

39、 But he adds that any local authority spending 30,000-plus on a Poseidon system ought to be investing similar amounts in teaching children to swim.31. AI means the same as A. an image. B. an idea. C. anyone in the water. D. artificial intelligence.32. What is required of AI software to save a life?

40、A. It must be able to swim. B. It must keep walking round the pool. C. It can distinguish between a swimmer and a shadow. D. It can save a life within a few months.33. How does Poseidon save a life? A. He plunges into the pool. B. It alerts the lifeguard. C. He cries for help. D. It rushes to the po

41、ol.34. Which of the following statements about Trevor Baylis is NOT true? A. He runs. B. He invented the clockwork radio. C. He was once an entertainer. D. He runs a company.35. The word “considered” in paragraph 5 could be best replaced by A. “thought”. B. “rated”. C. “regarded”. D. “believed”.第二篇“

42、Hidden” Species May Be Surprisingly CommonCryptic species animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant may be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management, to our under

43、standing of infectious diseases and evolution.Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Markus Pfenninger and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat in Frankfurt, Germany, analyzed all known

44、 data on cryptic animal species and discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branches of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions.Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominantly found in insects and rept

45、iles, and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate regions. “Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality be many different Cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered," says Pfenninger. Until the genetic information of all speci

46、es in at least one taxon is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist, "It could be as high as 30%, Pfenninger says."I'm extremely surprised by their results," says Alex Smith of the University of Guelph in Ontario3, Canada. "It's a call to

47、arms to keep doing the broad kind of genetic studies that we are doing. "Sampling as many individuals as possible, scientists hope to complete work on all fish and birds in another 5 to 10 years. Once either of these taxonomic groups is completed, Pfenninger says researchers will be able to dec

48、ide how many cryptic species exist throughout the animal kingdom.Examples of cryptic species include the African elephant. A 2001 study found the elephants were actually two genetically distinct, non-interbreeding species, the African bush elephant and the African elephant. The species are currently

49、 listed as vulnerable and threatened, respectively, by the World Conservation Union （WCU）.The reclassifications are more than an academic exercise. They define populations that have evolved independently of each other and whose genetic differences can have significant consequences.In the early 1900s

50、 misidentification of mosquito species based on morphology confused: attempts to control malaria in Europe. Ultimately, what was thought to be a single species was actually made up of six sibling species, only three of which transmitted the disease. "The basic unit in biology is always the spec

51、ies, and you have to know what you are dealing with," Pfenninger says. Much previous research is now no longer used, he Says, because it is not clear what species was being studied. 36. Which of the following about the significance of the research on cryptic species is NOT true? A. The results

52、of the research can help the development of many other research areas. B. The results of the research can help the development of biodiversity estimates. C. The results of the research can help our understanding of infectious disease evolution. D. The results of the research can help our understandi

53、ng of "survival of the fittest. "37. What was scientists' understanding of cryptic species? A. They occurred in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions. B. They were mostly found in insects and reptiles. C. They were likely to be in tropical rather than temperate regions. D. Both

54、Band C.38. Do scientists know how many cryptic species exist? A. Not yet. B. Yes, they do. C. They will know the answer in another one or two-years. D. They will never know the answer.39. Which of the following about the African bush elephant and the African elephant is true? A. The WCU are interbre

55、eding those elephants. B. They are interbreeding species. C. They are two genetically distant species. D. They depend on each other for survival.40. People were confused in their attempts to control malaria in Europe in the early 1900s. because scientists A. identified only one mosquito species inst

56、ead of six species. B. thought only three mosquito species transmitted disease. C. thought there was only one mosquito species.D. did not know what species was being studied.第三篇Too Little for Global WarmingOil and gas will run out too fast for doomsday global warming scenarios to materialize, accord

57、ing to a controversial new analysis presented this week at the University of Uppsala in Sweden. The authors warn that all the fuel will be burnt before there is enough carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to realize predictions of melting ice caps and searing temperatures. Defending their predictions, scientists from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change say they considered a range of estimates of oil and gas reserves, and point out that coal-burning could easily make up the shortfall. Bu