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1、中考語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)中考語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞一、中考對(duì)動(dòng)詞的知識(shí)要求:一、中考對(duì)動(dòng)詞的知識(shí)要求:l中考對(duì)動(dòng)詞的考查主要集中在:中考對(duì)動(dòng)詞的考查主要集中在:l1、掌握動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去、掌握動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去l分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞四種形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則;分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞四種形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則;l2、掌握動(dòng)詞六種時(shí)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu),主要用法及區(qū)別、掌握動(dòng)詞六種時(shí)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu),主要用法及區(qū)別(一般現(xiàn)在(一般現(xiàn)在l時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)l行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))l3、掌握系動(dòng)詞、掌握系動(dòng)詞be, look

2、, feel, smell, get, become, turn, lkeep等的基本用法;等的基本用法;l4、了解過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法;、了解過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法;l5、掌握助動(dòng)詞、掌握助動(dòng)詞be, do, have, shall, will的基本用法;的基本用法;l6、掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, must, need, may等等基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)及主要用法;基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)及主要用法;l7、了解一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將、了解一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)三種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式及其基來(lái)時(shí)三種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式及其基本用法;本用法;l8、了解含

3、有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形、了解含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式及其基本用法;式及其基本用法;l9、掌握句子主謂一致的基本原則;、掌握句子主謂一致的基本原則;l10、掌握動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)的基本、掌握動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)的基本用法;用法;l11、了解動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、了解動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)的基本用法。的基本用法。二、動(dòng)詞考察點(diǎn)分項(xiàng)說(shuō)明:二、動(dòng)詞考察點(diǎn)分項(xiàng)說(shuō)明:(一)、掌握動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)、過(guò)去式、一)、掌握動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)、過(guò)去式、 過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞四種形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則;過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞四種形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則;1、動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的構(gòu)成:動(dòng)動(dòng)

4、 詞詞 特特 征征 變變 化化 例例 詞詞 一般動(dòng)詞一般動(dòng)詞 詞尾加詞尾加-s look- looks find- finds 以以s, x, ch, sh或或o結(jié)尾結(jié)尾 詞尾加詞尾加-es watch- watches, push- pushes 以以“輔音字母輔音字母+y”結(jié)結(jié)尾尾 變變y為為i再加再加-es fly- flies, 2、動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式及過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成、動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式及過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化: 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成方法是相同的。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成方法是相同的。動(dòng)動(dòng) 詞詞 特特 征征 變變 化化 例例 詞詞 一般動(dòng)詞一般動(dòng)詞 詞尾加

5、詞尾加-ed look- looked, looked 以以e結(jié)尾結(jié)尾 詞尾加詞尾加-d live- lived, lived 以以“輔音字母輔音字母+Y”結(jié)尾結(jié)尾 變變y為為i,再,再加加-ed carry-carried, carried以重讀閉音節(jié)以重讀閉音節(jié)或或r音節(jié)結(jié)音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾尾,且末尾只有一個(gè)輔只有一個(gè)輔音字母音字母 雙寫(xiě)該輔音雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母,再字母,再加加-ed stop- stopped, stopped 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化。(略)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化。(略)3、動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成:、動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成:動(dòng)動(dòng) 詞詞 特特 征征 變變 化化 例例 詞詞 一般動(dòng)詞一般動(dòng)詞 直接

6、加直接加-ing look-looking watch- watching 以以e結(jié)尾結(jié)尾 去去e加加-ing come- coming move- moving 以重讀閉音節(jié)或以重讀閉音節(jié)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母字母 先雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母,先雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母,再加再加-ing swim- swimming run- running 以以ie結(jié)尾且為重結(jié)尾且為重讀開(kāi)音節(jié)讀開(kāi)音節(jié) 變變ie加加y再加再加ing die-dying lie-lying l(二)、掌握動(dòng)詞六種時(shí)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu),主要用法及區(qū)別(一般(二)、掌握動(dòng)詞六種時(shí)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu),主要用法及區(qū)別(一般

7、現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))l1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)l 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,l與與always, usually, often, sometimes, every lday (week, month)等連用;表示現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)或狀態(tài);等連用;表示現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)或狀態(tài);l表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征,性格和能力;以及表示客觀(guān)事實(shí)或普遍表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征,性格和能力;以及表示客觀(guān)事實(shí)或普遍其理。其理。l一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成:一

8、般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成: l一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)通常以動(dòng)詞原形表示,但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)通常以動(dòng)詞原形表示,但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)l時(shí),動(dòng)詞原形后需加時(shí),動(dòng)詞原形后需加-s或或-es。 lShe likes biology very much. 她非常喜歡生物。她非常喜歡生物。 lThey often go to school by bike.他們通常騎車(chē)上學(xué)。他們通常騎車(chē)上學(xué)。l2、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)l一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的副詞如:常與表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的副詞如:yesterday, last week, two hou

9、rs ago等連用;表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間經(jīng)?;蚍吹冗B用;表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,這時(shí)可與頻度副詞復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,這時(shí)可與頻度副詞often, usually, always等連用;表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的一連串動(dòng)作,以及等連用;表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的一連串動(dòng)作,以及在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去將在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。來(lái)的動(dòng)作。l一般過(guò)去時(shí)的構(gòu)成:一般過(guò)去時(shí)由動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式一般過(guò)去時(shí)的構(gòu)成:一般過(guò)去時(shí)由動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。l We met each other on the street yesterday. 我我們昨天在街上碰見(jiàn)了。們昨天在街上碰見(jiàn)了。

10、l She often went swimming last year. 她去年經(jīng)她去年經(jīng)常去游泳。常去游泳。l They moved the chairs to the table, sat down and began to have supper.l 他們把椅子搬到桌邊,坐下開(kāi)始吃飯。他們把椅子搬到桌邊,坐下開(kāi)始吃飯。l Mary told me that she would stay at home if it rained.瑪麗告訴我如果下雨她就呆在家里?,旣惛嬖V我如果下雨她就呆在家里。l3、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)l 一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的

11、動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如next month, tomorrow, in a week, soon等連用。等連用。l一般將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成:一般將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成:l(1) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)由一般將來(lái)時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。其中構(gòu)成。其中shall主要用于主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)(主要用于主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)(I和和we)的疑問(wèn)句中。的疑問(wèn)句中。l(2) 也可以用也可以用“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”這個(gè)結(jié)這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示根據(jù)目前跡象很有可能發(fā)生的某件事情,或構(gòu)來(lái)表示根據(jù)目前跡象很有可能發(fā)生的某件事情,或是打算、計(jì)劃、以及決定要做某件

12、事情等。是打算、計(jì)劃、以及決定要做某件事情等。l They will have a class meeting next Tuesday. 他們下周二將舉行班會(huì)。他們下周二將舉行班會(huì)。l We shall meet at the school gate. 我們將在學(xué)我們將在學(xué)校大門(mén)口見(jiàn)。校大門(mén)口見(jiàn)。l It is going to rain. 要下雨了。要下雨了。l4、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)l 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常與常與now, at present, at this moment等連用;或與等連用;或與these days, th

13、is week/month等連用,表示現(xiàn)階段等連用,表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。有時(shí)還與正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。有時(shí)還與always, continually, forever等詞連用,表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作,代替一般等詞連用,表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作,代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),表達(dá)說(shuō)話(huà)人強(qiáng)烈的感情。如贊揚(yáng)、不滿(mǎn)、討現(xiàn)在時(shí),表達(dá)說(shuō)話(huà)人強(qiáng)烈的感情。如贊揚(yáng)、不滿(mǎn)、討厭等。如:厭等。如:lHe is always asking such silly questions.他老他老是提這類(lèi)愚蠢的問(wèn)題。是提這類(lèi)愚蠢的問(wèn)題。l 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成:l現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由“be (am/is/are)+V-ing”構(gòu)成

14、。構(gòu)成。lThey are watching TV now. 他們正在看電視。他們正在看電視。lThe dog is enjoying his meal. 小狗正在吃飯。小狗正在吃飯。l5、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)l 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法相過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法相同,只不過(guò)參照的時(shí)間基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)不同。同,只不過(guò)參照的時(shí)間基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)不同。l過(guò)去進(jìn)行表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)過(guò)去進(jìn)行表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。一般和特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句連用。作。一般和特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句連用。如:如:then, at that time, at eight yesterday, this

15、time yesterday, when he came in等。等。l 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)類(lèi)似,過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)類(lèi)似,只不過(guò)把只不過(guò)把be (am, is, are)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式(變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式(was, were)lThey were watching TV at that time. 他他們那會(huì)正在看電視。們那會(huì)正在看電視。lThe dog was enjoying his meal at this time yesterday. 小狗昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候正在吃飯。小狗昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候正在吃飯。l6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)l 表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成,但后果或影響表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成,但后果或影

16、響仍在,常與仍在,常與already, just, yet等副詞連等副詞連用;或是表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)用;或是表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,常與到現(xiàn)在,常與for或或since引導(dǎo)的一段時(shí)引導(dǎo)的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。間狀語(yǔ)連用。l 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞“have/has+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。l He has already come back.他已經(jīng)他已經(jīng)回來(lái)了。回來(lái)了。l He has lived here for three years.他在此住了兩年了。他在此住了兩年了。(三)、掌握系動(dòng)詞(三)、掌握系動(dòng)詞be, look, feel, smell, ge

17、t, become, turn, keep等的基本用法;等的基本用法;l常見(jiàn)的連系動(dòng)詞有:常見(jiàn)的連系動(dòng)詞有:become, turn, get, lgrow, keep, feel, look, seem, smell, fall等。等。它它l們后面常接形容詞,構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。們后面常接形容詞,構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 lPlease keep the classroom clean. 請(qǐng)保持教請(qǐng)保持教室的干凈。室的干凈。 lThe bread looks very fresh. 這些面包看上去這些面包看上去很新鮮。很新鮮。(四)、了解過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法;(四)、了解過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)

18、態(tài)的基本用法;l 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)點(diǎn)看將要發(fā)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)點(diǎn)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)生的動(dòng)l作或存在的狀態(tài)。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)的作或存在的狀態(tài)。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成相構(gòu)成相l(xiāng)同,只是把同,只是把will, shall變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式would, should,把助,把助l動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞be的過(guò)去式變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式的過(guò)去式變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式was或或were而已。而已。如:如:lThey were going to have a meeting.他們?cè)麄冊(cè)蛩汩_(kāi)會(huì)。打算開(kāi)會(huì)。 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作之前已完過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作之前已完 成的行為或存在的狀態(tài)。與

19、現(xiàn)在完成的用法相同,只成的行為或存在的狀態(tài)。與現(xiàn)在完成的用法相同,只 不過(guò)作為衡量基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)的時(shí)間點(diǎn)不同,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)以現(xiàn)不過(guò)作為衡量基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)的時(shí)間點(diǎn)不同,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)以現(xiàn) 在作為衡量的基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn),而過(guò)去完成時(shí)則以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)在作為衡量的基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn),而過(guò)去完成時(shí)則以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí) 刻作為基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)。它表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作之前完刻作為基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)。它表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作之前完 成了的動(dòng)作,即成了的動(dòng)作,即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,常,常by, before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)引導(dǎo)的時(shí) 間狀語(yǔ)連用。如:間狀語(yǔ)連用。如: By the time he was ten, Edison had built a lab for himself

20、. 到愛(ài)迪生到愛(ài)迪生10歲時(shí),他已給自己建了一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。歲時(shí),他已給自己建了一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。 She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years五)、掌握助動(dòng)詞五)、掌握助動(dòng)詞be, do, have, shall, will的基本用法;的基本用法;l助動(dòng)詞是助動(dòng)詞是“輔助性輔助性”動(dòng)詞,一般沒(méi)有詞義,不能單獨(dú)動(dòng)詞,一般沒(méi)有詞義,不能單獨(dú)l作謂語(yǔ),但可用來(lái)幫助構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ),表示不同的時(shí)態(tài),作謂語(yǔ),但可用來(lái)幫助構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ),表示不同的時(shí)態(tài),l語(yǔ)態(tài),和數(shù)的變化。語(yǔ)態(tài),和數(shù)的變化。 l常見(jiàn)的助動(dòng)詞有:常見(jiàn)的助動(dòng)詞有:(1)be (am, is, are,

21、was, were, being, been) 與現(xiàn)在分與現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)合,詞結(jié)合,l構(gòu)成各種進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài);或與過(guò)去分詞結(jié)合構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。構(gòu)成各種進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài);或與過(guò)去分詞結(jié)合構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 lIm looking for my pen. 我正在找我的筆。(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行我正在找我的筆。(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))時(shí)) lThese cups are made in China. 這些杯子是中國(guó)制造這些杯子是中國(guó)制造的。(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))的。(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))l(2)have (has, had, having)與過(guò)去分詞結(jié)合,構(gòu)與過(guò)去分詞結(jié)合,構(gòu)成完成時(shí)。成完成時(shí)。l They have known each other for tw

22、enty years. l 他們互相認(rèn)識(shí)有二十年了。(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))他們互相認(rèn)識(shí)有二十年了。(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))l He had built a chemistry lab for himself at the age of ten. l 他十歲時(shí)就已經(jīng)為自己建了一個(gè)化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。他十歲時(shí)就已經(jīng)為自己建了一個(gè)化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。(過(guò)去完成時(shí))(過(guò)去完成時(shí))l(3) 助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞do (does, did) 后只能跟動(dòng)詞原形,后只能跟動(dòng)詞原形,與與not及其他動(dòng)詞結(jié)合構(gòu)成否定句,或置于主語(yǔ)之前及其他動(dòng)詞結(jié)合構(gòu)成否定句,或置于主語(yǔ)之前構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句。構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句。l He does not speak English.他

23、不說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。他不說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。l When did he come back? 他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)的?他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)的?l(4)will (would), shall (should):l will能用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)的任何人稱(chēng)后;能用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)的任何人稱(chēng)后;would是是will的過(guò)去時(shí),能用于過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí);兩者后面都接動(dòng)詞原的過(guò)去時(shí),能用于過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí);兩者后面都接動(dòng)詞原形。形。l The plane will arrive in ten minutes. 飛機(jī)十分飛機(jī)十分中后將要到達(dá)。中后將要到達(dá)。l I was sure we would win.我確信用我們會(huì)贏(yíng)。我確信用我們會(huì)贏(yíng)。lshall與與sh

24、ould這兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞本身沒(méi)有詞義,這兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞本身沒(méi)有詞義,shall只能用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)的第一人稱(chēng)后;只能用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)的第一人稱(chēng)后;should是是shall的過(guò)的過(guò)l去時(shí),只能用于過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的第一人稱(chēng)后;兩者后面去時(shí),只能用于過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的第一人稱(chēng)后;兩者后面都接動(dòng)詞原形。都接動(dòng)詞原形。lWe shall meet at the school gate tomorrow. 我我們明天將在校門(mén)口見(jiàn)。們明天將在校門(mén)口見(jiàn)。l l I told them that I should do the work alone. 我告我告訴訴l他們我將獨(dú)自做那項(xiàng)工作。他們我將獨(dú)自做那項(xiàng)工作。三、鞏固練習(xí)三、鞏

25、固練習(xí)l1. His father any washing in the morning.l A. doesnt do B. doesnt C. doesnt does D. doesnt doesl2. I 1000 English words by the end of last term.l A. have learned B. had learned C. would learn D. was learningl3. How long you the bicycle?l A. havebought B. havehadl C. didbuy D. dobuyl4. my brother

26、 knows London very well. He there many times.l A. has been B. has gone C. was D. wentl5. The children want to know if Miss Green free tomorrow.l A. is B. is going to C. will D. will bel6. Listen, the music nice.l A. sounds B. is sounding C. is sound D. was soundingl7. He early every morning from now

27、 on.l A. gets up B. does get up C. does gets up D. will get upl8. Our teacher told us that light faster than sound.l A. travelled B. travels C. was travelled D. had travelledl9. Mr. Brown is not at home. He to the library.l A. has gone B. has been C. had been D. had gonel10. He said he would go to t

28、he cinema with us if he free.l A. is B. were C. was D. will bel11. Tom _ his homework after breakfast.l A. dont B. doesnt C. dont do D. doesnt do 12. Jenny _a letter to her mother three days ago. A. wrote B. writes C. write D. has written13. He _ with us yesterday morning. A. doesnt go swimming B. g

29、oes swimming C. didnt go swimming D. went to swimming 14. There _a basketball match on our school the day after tomorrow. A. will have B. will be C. is going to have D. would havel15. _ you _ us a talk this afternoon?l A. Are, giving B. Are, given C. Will, give D. Were, going to givel16. Look! Li Le

30、i _ Jim with his Chinese.l A. is helping B. has helped C. is going to help D. would helpl17. Dont make any noise. The baby _ .l A. has slept B. is slept C. will sleep D. is sleepingl18. The students of Class 3 _a football game now. Lets go and watch.l A. are having B. will have C. is having D. will

31、be hadl19. How many English songs _ you _ by the end of last term?l A. have, learned B. did, learn C. had, learned D. were, learnedl20. My mother _ breakfast while I _ my face this morning.l A. cooked, was cooking B. was cooking, was washingl C. was cooking D. would cook, was washing二、用下列動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空二、

32、用下列動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. He told me that he (visit) the Summer Palace the next day. 2. Who has borrowed the dictionary? I want to use it Miss Li. She (keep) it for a week. 3. The old men (die) last summer. He (die) for eight months.4. Father (cook) when I got home. 5. Mr. Smith told us he (show) the guests a

33、round the factory. 6. In winter when your clothes (wash), it is not easy to get them dry.l7. the twins (return) yet?l Yes. They (have) a rest in the room now.l8. It (rain) but it (stop) now.l9. All the children (keep) quiet though their teacher was not there.l10. The boy (read) a story book now.(六)掌

34、握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞六)掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, must, need, may等基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)及等基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)及主要用法主要用法 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在英文中是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在英文中是“輔助性輔助性”動(dòng)詞,用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話(huà)動(dòng)詞,用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的語(yǔ)氣或情態(tài),包括請(qǐng)求、命令、允諾、可能、需要、人的語(yǔ)氣或情態(tài),包括請(qǐng)求、命令、允諾、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、義務(wù)、能力等。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有詞義,但敢于、愿望、義務(wù)、能力等。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有詞義,但詞義不完全,不能單獨(dú)用作謂語(yǔ),沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化,詞義不完全,不能單獨(dú)用作謂語(yǔ),沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化,且后面只跟動(dòng)詞原形。且后面只跟動(dòng)詞原形。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的種類(lèi):情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的種類(lèi):原原 形形 過(guò)去式過(guò)去式

35、詞詞 義義 can could 能能 may might 可以(或許)可以(或許) must must(had to) 必須(不得不)必須(不得不) will would 愿意愿意 shall should 應(yīng)該應(yīng)該 need needed 需要需要 dare dared 敢于敢于 l can的用法的用法l(1)表示體力或腦力方面的)表示體力或腦力方面的“能力能力”,也能表示,也能表示根據(jù)客觀(guān)條件能做某事的根據(jù)客觀(guān)條件能做某事的“能力能力”。l The boy can swim very well.l Who can answer this question?l(2)表示允許)表示允許l Th

36、e students can leave after the meeting.l When can I get the news?l(3)表示推測(cè))表示推測(cè)l It can be wrong.l Who can be your new teacher next term?lcould的用法的用法l(1)can的過(guò)去式,表示過(guò)去有能力及過(guò)的過(guò)去式,表示過(guò)去有能力及過(guò)去的可能性。去的可能性。l They could run very fast when they were young.l Could you speak English at that time?l(2)表示客氣地請(qǐng)求或委婉地陳述意

37、見(jiàn)。)表示客氣地請(qǐng)求或委婉地陳述意見(jiàn)。lCould I borrow your bike?lCould you listen to me carefully?ll must的用法的用法l(1)表示義務(wù),命令或必要)表示義務(wù),命令或必要l You must finish it before 5 oclock.l Must I hand it in now?l(2)表示肯定的推測(cè):一定)表示肯定的推測(cè):一定lShe must be a pretty girl.lYou must be wrong.l need的用法的用法l(1) 表示表示“需要,必須需要,必須”,主要用于,主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中

38、。否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。lWe needn t hand in our homework now.lNeed I call him for you?l(2)need引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句,肯定回答引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句,肯定回答時(shí)多用時(shí)多用must,否定回答時(shí)用,否定回答時(shí)用neednt。lNeed he come? 他必須來(lái)嗎?他必須來(lái)嗎?lYes, he must.是的,必須來(lái)。是的,必須來(lái)。lNo, he neednt.不,他不必來(lái)。不,他不必來(lái)。l may的用法的用法l(1)表示請(qǐng)求、許可、可以)表示請(qǐng)求、許可、可以lMay I ask you some questions?May we start now?

39、l(2)表示推測(cè)說(shuō)話(huà)人的猜測(cè),認(rèn)為)表示推測(cè)說(shuō)話(huà)人的猜測(cè),認(rèn)為某一事情某一事情“或許或許”或或“可能可能”發(fā)生。發(fā)生。lHe may be 25 years old.lWe may come back in three days.l should的用法lshould意思是“應(yīng)該”,表示勸告或建議(=ought to)lWho should I meet this afternoon?lYou should pack your bag quickly.七)了解一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)三種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)七)了解一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)三種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式及其基本用法的結(jié)

40、構(gòu)形式及其基本用法 l被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。一般被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。一般說(shuō)來(lái),只有需要?jiǎng)幼鲗?duì)象的及物動(dòng)詞才有說(shuō)來(lái),只有需要?jiǎng)幼鲗?duì)象的及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。漢語(yǔ)往往用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。漢語(yǔ)往往用“被被”、“受受”、“給給”等詞來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由等詞來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(p.p.)”構(gòu)成。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化只改變構(gòu)成。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化只改變be的形的形式,過(guò)去分詞部分不變。疑問(wèn)式和否定式式,過(guò)去分詞部分不變。疑問(wèn)式和否定式的變化亦如此。的變化亦如此。l1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(am/ is/

41、 are +done)l English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的許多人都說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。世界上的許多人都說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。l Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周每周四都舉行班會(huì)。四都舉行班會(huì)。l The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 學(xué)生們每天都打掃教室。學(xué)生們每天都打掃教室。l2一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(was/ were +done)l The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被杯子被那

42、個(gè)男孩打碎了。那個(gè)男孩打碎了。l He was saved at last. 他最終獲救了。他最終獲救了。l My bike was stolen. 我的自行車(chē)被偷了。我的自行車(chē)被偷了。l3一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)l A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一個(gè)演講。今天下午有一個(gè)演講。l A new road will be built next year. 明年明年要修一條新馬路。要修一條新馬路。l I think thousands o

43、f people will be helped. 我認(rèn)為將有數(shù)千人得到幫助。我認(rèn)為將有數(shù)千人得到幫助。(八)了解含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式及其基本用法八)了解含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式及其基本用法l 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)過(guò)去分詞去分詞; 其時(shí)態(tài)及句型的變化僅由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成,其時(shí)態(tài)及句型的變化僅由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成,“be+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞”部分不變。如:部分不變。如:l Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石頭桌子可由石頭制造。制造。l Tables could be made of stone at

44、that time.那時(shí)桌子可由石頭制造。(一般過(guò)去時(shí))那時(shí)桌子可由石頭制造。(一般過(guò)去時(shí))l Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石頭桌子能用石頭制造嗎?(疑問(wèn)句)制造嗎?(疑問(wèn)句)(九)動(dòng)詞不定式的基本用法l動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)(包括目的狀語(yǔ),結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)(包括目的狀語(yǔ),結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)和原因狀語(yǔ)。)語(yǔ)和原因狀語(yǔ)。)l1)作主語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)lTo dance with you makes me happy.和和你跳舞令我高興。你跳舞令我高興。lIt is difficult to d

45、rive in the mountains. (=To drive in the mountains is difficult.)l在山里開(kāi)車(chē)很困難。在山里開(kāi)車(chē)很困難。l 后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞多是表示后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞多是表示“意愿意愿”、“企圖企圖”等的動(dòng)詞,如等的動(dòng)詞,如:lhope, want, wish, desire, like, decide, try,promise, refuse.lI want to talk with her.我想和她談?wù)?。我想和她談?wù)?。lShe has decided to go.她已決定要走。她已決定要走。l 在在feel, find, t

46、hink, made等動(dòng)詞后如果等動(dòng)詞后如果是不定式作賓語(yǔ),而補(bǔ)語(yǔ)是形容詞,則通是不定式作賓語(yǔ),而補(bǔ)語(yǔ)是形容詞,則通常用常用it作形式賓語(yǔ),而把真正的賓語(yǔ)即不定作形式賓語(yǔ),而把真正的賓語(yǔ)即不定式移至形容詞之后。如:式移至形容詞之后。如:lI find it impossible to forget her.我我發(fā)現(xiàn)忘掉她是不可能的。發(fā)現(xiàn)忘掉她是不可能的。lHe thought it necessary to take an umbrella.他認(rèn)為帶把傘是必要的。他認(rèn)為帶把傘是必要的。l3)作表語(yǔ))作表語(yǔ)lHer wish is to be a teacher.他的愿望是成為他的愿望是成為一名

47、教師。一名教師。lYour duty is to clean the classroom.你的任你的任務(wù)是打掃教室。務(wù)是打掃教室。l4)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)lHe wants me to come earlier.他想要我來(lái)得他想要我來(lái)得更早些。更早些。lThe policeman ordered them to turn around.警察命令他們轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身。警察命令他們轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身。l5)作目的狀語(yǔ):)作目的狀語(yǔ):lShe opened the window to let some fresh air in.她打開(kāi)窗子好讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)來(lái)。她打開(kāi)窗子好讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)來(lái)。lI went there t

48、o see her yesterday.昨天我去昨天我去那兒看她了。那兒看她了。l6)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ):)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ):l He is too tired to go any further.他太他太累了,不能再走了。累了,不能再走了。l He is not old enough to join the army.他年齡太小,不能參軍。他年齡太小,不能參軍。l7)作原因狀語(yǔ):)作原因狀語(yǔ):l 不定式跟在表示不定式跟在表示“喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)”的的形容詞之后,可以表示引起這些情感的原因。形容詞之后,可以表示引起這些情感的原因。l Im sorry to trouble you.真抱歉給你帶真抱

49、歉給你帶來(lái)麻煩。來(lái)麻煩。l Im glad to see you.見(jiàn)到你真高興。見(jiàn)到你真高興。二、鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)l一、單項(xiàng)選擇一、單項(xiàng)選擇l1. He had his lunch already.l A. will B. would C. has D. havel2. Mary speak English before she left for England.l A. can B. was able to C. could D. had been able tol3. I your help. I can do it myself.l A. neednt B. dont need to C

50、. need D. dont needl4. some more tea now?l A. Do you like B. Will you likel C. Would you like D. Should you likel5. you the book to the library?lYes, I borrowed another one a moment ago.l A. Do, return B. Are, returningl C. Will, return D. Have, returnedl6. Dont go to see him. He changed his mindl A

51、. is B. was C. will D. hasl7. How many times your uncle been to Beijing?l Twice.l A. has B. have C. does D. didl8. My boy, you talk to your father like that.l A. wont B. hasnt to C. shouldnt D. has tol9. give me a cup of water, Mary?l A. Shall you please B. Will you pleasel C. Please you D. Please d

52、o youl10. I work out the maths problem yesterday, but I can work it out now.l A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. needntl11. Since you are very tired, you do it today.l A. neednt B. dont need C. neednt to D. not needl12. Li Li get up at 7:30.l A. used to B. used C. was used to D. uses tol13. You answer

53、 this question.l A. havent to B. dont have to C. dont need D. neednt tol14. It was a cold night. An old man under a chair in the park.l A. is lying B. was lying C. has lying D. will liel15. You go with us at once.l A. need B. should C. would D. couldl16. _I watch TV after dinner, Mum?l No, you .l A.

54、 May; mustnt B. May; dontl C. May; wont D. Must; mustntl17. Oh, sorry. I you in Shanghai.l A. dont knoware B. didnt knowwerel C. dont knowwere D. havent knownarel18. The PRC in 1949.l A. was found B. found C. was founded D. foundedl19. Is Xiao Li in the classroom?l No, he there. I saw him in the rea

55、ding room just now.l A. cant be B. mustnt be C. is D. needntl20. Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?l .l A. Yes, we shall B. Yes, you shalll C. Yes, you will D. All rightl21. Nobody _ do it. Let me _ .l A. can, try B. cant, to try C. can, to try D. cant, tryingl22. “ _ you like _ bananas to eat?” “ Yes

56、, please.”l A. Would, some B. Will, any C. Could, any D. Can, somel23. “ Can you answer this question in English?” “ Sorry, I _.”l A. neednt B. may not C. cant D. mustntl24. “ _ I borrow your dictionary?” “ Certainly, here you are.”l A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shalll25. I _ see the words on the blackboard. _ you write a bit clearly?l A. mustnt, Can B. dont, will C. cant, Can D. n

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