外研版英語(yǔ)中考?xì)w納復(fù)習(xí)專(zhuān)題：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).doc

1、基礎(chǔ)義務(wù)教育資料外研版2018年英語(yǔ)中考?xì)w納復(fù)習(xí)專(zhuān)題：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)【被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)】在英語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞主要有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)Zl/To主動(dòng)諾態(tài)：動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者+主動(dòng)謂語(yǔ)+動(dòng)作承受者被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：動(dòng)作承受者+被動(dòng)謂諾+by+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者is spoken by us.當(dāng)我們不知道或者沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者只需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承 受 者時(shí)，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：Smoking isn? t allowed in the gas station汽車(chē)加油 站里面不允許吸煙。Your work must be finishe

2、d today.你們的工作必須今天完成。常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)（含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be有人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)（色情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成如下:時(shí) _被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) 例句態(tài)般現(xiàn) 在 時(shí)am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞was/were+過(guò) 去分詞The classroom is cleaned every day.這間 教室每天都打掃。Our school was built in 1998.我們的學(xué)校 是1998年建造的。will be+過(guò)去分The sports meeting will be held tomorrow.運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將于明天舉行。現(xiàn)在

3、一 、have/has been+ The bank has been built.專(zhuān)艮彳亍已經(jīng)建成兀過(guò)去分詞了。成時(shí)動(dòng) 詞 情 態(tài)+be+過(guò)去分詞The bike can't be put here.這輛自行車(chē)不 能被放在這里。【考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練1】I. Today Chinese(teach) in many schools around the world.2.Some famous paintings(show) in the hall next week.3, A new schoolfset up) in my hometown last year.4, 一 How often d

4、o I need to feed the dog?It food every day,or it will be hungry.()A. may giveB. may be givenC. must giveD. must be given答案：is taught will be shown was set up D【被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)】例句種類(lèi)構(gòu)成感官動(dòng)詞感官動(dòng)詞see/hear/watch/f和使 eel等和使役動(dòng)詞 役動(dòng) make/let/have 等 詞后跟省略to的動(dòng),汕詞不定式作賓補(bǔ), L變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),動(dòng)語(yǔ)省略的to要加太We heard her sing in the room

5、.今She was heard to sing in the room.我M聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在房間里唱歌。動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞+介 的詞/副詞時(shí)，變被動(dòng)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)介 語(yǔ)態(tài)詞、副詞不能feeljooksoundsmell, taste等系動(dòng)詞。We should speak to the old politely.3The old should be spoken to polite ly by us.我們應(yīng)該有禮貌地和老人說(shuō) 話。The dishes taste so delicious.這些菜嘗起來(lái)很美open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,driv e 等詞作

6、不 This kind of pen writes very s moothly.妝及物動(dòng)詞種鋼筆寫(xiě)起來(lái)很流暢。表示”發(fā)生、進(jìn)行"The water has run out.水已經(jīng) 用完To(happen,take place,come outrun out,spread 一)oWhen did the book co me out?這本書(shū)什么時(shí)候出版的?作“需 The problem requires studyin要”講的g with great care.這個(gè)問(wèn)題需need,want,require后要仔細(xì)研究。I的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式 I表被動(dòng)意義。【考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練2】1. Tea p

7、lants are(grow) and(use) to make tea.2. Kang Jian found it interesting that so many products in the local shops (make) in China.3.B. is heardD.is listeningThe music the Moonlight Sonata.()A.sounds likeC.is sounded like4. An accident on the road last night.A. has happenedB. was happenedC. HappenedD.

8、was happening答案：grown used were made A C【被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的固定搭配、句型】1. be made of,be made from,be made in 與 be made by2. be used for,be used as 與 be used to do3.It is said/believed/reported/known that.【中考示例】(2017 廣西)1 think all the heavy and difficult jobs by machines and robots in the future.A. DoB. will doC. ar

9、e doneD. will be done【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：我認(rèn)為未來(lái)所有的重活、難度大的工 作都將由機(jī)器和機(jī)器人來(lái)完成。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in the future可知，此處應(yīng)用一般 將來(lái)時(shí)；主語(yǔ)jobs和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞do之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，結(jié)合介詞by可知此處應(yīng)用一 般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。【考題熱身】1. （2017 甘肅）English （speak） all over the world.2. （2017 宿遷）The old car （produce） in Germany in the 1960s.3. （2017 鄂州）Teenagers should （encourage）

10、to solve their problems by themselves.4. （2017 .襄陽(yáng)）The 24th Winter Olympic Games in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in2022,from February 4th to 20th.（）A.is going to hold B.holdC.will be heldD.was held5. （2017 重慶 A 卷）This picture by my cousin last year.fA.drawsB drewC.is drawnD.was drawn6. （2017 鹽城）It is rep

11、orted that about 120 foreign soccer experts to teachsoccer school students.（）A.inviteBJnvitedC.to be invitedD.will be invited7. （2017 .隨州）一 Your bedroom is so clean.Of course.lt every day.（A.cleansB.cleanedC.is cleanedD.was cleaned8. （2017 .蘇州）Why hasn, t Tony come?The invitation letter to Toby by accident.A.was emailedB.has emailedC.is emailedD - emailed9. （2017 上海）The museum next month to celebrate the Science & TechnologyFestival.（A.is decoratedB. will decorateC. is decorating D.will be decora