A-Special-Machine

1、 A Special Machine Passive Voice被動(dòng)語態(tài)Grammar: Passive Voice回顧回顧（1）構(gòu)成形式：be+be+動(dòng)詞的過去動(dòng)詞的過去分詞分詞(done)(done) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化只變化be的形式（其變化規(guī)則與be相同），過去分詞部分不變。（2）被動(dòng)語態(tài)在句型中的考查主要有三種形式：含有一個(gè)賓語的結(jié)構(gòu)（即“主語+謂語+賓語”的形式）含有兩個(gè)賓語的結(jié)構(gòu)（即“主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語”的形式）含有復(fù)合賓語的結(jié)構(gòu)（即“主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”的形式）含有雙賓語的動(dòng)詞在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，有以下三種情形： 一、有些雙賓動(dòng)詞(如award, buy,

2、give, leave, lend, offer, pay, show, teach, tell等)在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，既可把間接賓語(指人)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語，而把直接賓語(指事物)保留下來(稱為保留賓語)，也可把直接賓語(指事物)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語，而把間接賓語改為介詞to 或for引起的狀語(到底用to還是for，與所搭配的動(dòng)詞有關(guān))。比較：比較： He gave her some money. 他給她一些錢。他給她一些錢。 She was given some money. Some money was given to him. He bought her a watch. 他給她買了

3、一快表。他給她買了一快表。She was bought a watch. A watch was bought for her.二、有些雙賓動(dòng)詞(如bring, do, make, pass, sell, send, sing, write等)通常用直接賓語(指事物)作被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語，而將間接賓語用作保留賓語(其前根據(jù)情況用介詞to或for)： Father made me a doll. A doll was made for me. He wrote her a letter. A letter was written to her. 三、有些雙賓動(dòng)詞(如answer, deny, env

4、y, refuse, save, spare等)通常用間接賓語(指人)作被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語，而將直接賓語用作保留賓語： He answered me that question. I was answered that question by him被動(dòng)語態(tài)中常用的介詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)中常用的介詞1by表示動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或施加者 By whom is the book written 這本書是誰寫的？ The children were driven indoors by the rain. 孩子們被雨趕進(jìn)了室內(nèi)。 2with表示用某種工具 The wolf was killed with a gun. 狼

5、被槍打死了。 The field was spread with wild flowers. 田野里野花遍地。被動(dòng)語態(tài)中常用的介詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)中常用的介詞3from表示源于某種物質(zhì)（看不出原材料） Good wine is made from grain. 好酒是糧食制成的。 4of表示用某種材料制成（看得出原材料） The table is made of wood. 這張桌子是用木頭做的。被動(dòng)語態(tài)中常用的介詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)中常用的介詞5其他介詞 You are wanted on the phone. 有電話找你。 He is known to everybody. 大家都認(rèn)識(shí)他。 She was

6、caught in the rain. 她遭雨淋了。注意：注意： 動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者可以由介詞動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者可以由介詞by引出的短語表示，但被引出的短語表示，但被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中的動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中的by短語并不總是表示動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者。短語并不總是表示動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者。A policeman is known by the clothes he wears. 警察可以通過他的服裝辨認(rèn)出來。（警察可以通過他的服裝辨認(rèn)出來。（by表示方式表示方式）He was much flattered by her asking him to dinner. 她邀請他吃晚飯，他受寵若驚了她邀請他吃晚飯，他受寵若驚了。(by表示原因表示原因）

7、 The snow was piled high by the gate. 門口雪堆積得很高。（門口雪堆積得很高。（by表示地點(diǎn)表示地點(diǎn)）中考考點(diǎn)中考考點(diǎn)1被動(dòng)語態(tài)在不同時(shí)態(tài)（含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）中的運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)在不同時(shí)態(tài)（含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）中的運(yùn)用;(廣州06) As usual, Meihua _ at 6:30 this morning by her mother to get ready for school. A. has woken up B. woke up C. wakes up D. was woken up(06) We should water the young trees ev

8、ery two days.The young trees _every two days.should be watered by us中考考點(diǎn)中考考點(diǎn)2含有介詞的短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)用法含有介詞的短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)用法;(廣州05) A neighbour helped to keep our dog. It _ while we were on holiday. A. was taken care B. took care of C. is taken care of D. was taken care of中考考點(diǎn)中考考點(diǎn)3本身構(gòu)成被動(dòng)的固定短語或句型的運(yùn)用（近五年未出本身構(gòu)成被動(dòng)的固定短語或句型

9、的運(yùn)用（近五年未出現(xiàn)在廣州市中考試題中）現(xiàn)在廣州市中考試題中）;_Edison is an outstanding inventor.This kind of books _recycled paper.is made ofIt is well known that 4雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)以及復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)的主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)的用法（考雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)以及復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)的主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)的用法（考查雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)的主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)用法近五年未出現(xiàn)在廣州市查雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)的主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)用法近五年未出現(xiàn)在廣州市中考試題中）中考試題中）;(廣州03) The policeman made the young woman move her car.The y

10、oung woman her car _by the policeman.(廣州05) Miss King saw Bill helping a blind man cross the street yesterday afternoon.Yesterday afternoon Bill _a blind man cross the street _.was made to movewas seen helpingby Miss King學(xué)生易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)典型錯(cuò)題一： （01廣州市中考題）The man who lived alone on the island thought he _ never

11、be _. A.will, find B. would, found C. is, found D. had, been found原因分析：學(xué)生受thought的影響，認(rèn)為“沒有被人發(fā)現(xiàn)”是在賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，因此時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該為過去完成時(shí)態(tài)D，但是此題應(yīng)該是一個(gè)對于語境的考查題，the man過去獨(dú)自一人居住在島上，因此“過去的過去”沒有被人發(fā)現(xiàn)是事實(shí)，但是句中never的隱含著“永遠(yuǎn)不”的意思，語義上更傾向于“過去的將來”，故而答案應(yīng)該為B。學(xué)生易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)典型錯(cuò)題二：（02廣州市中考題）Dont worry. All the children _ by the nurses.A. are well

12、taken care of B. take good care ofC. are taken good care D. take good care原因分析：學(xué)生想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為短語take care of 中可以用形容詞good修飾名詞care的情況是唯一正確的形式，沒有意識(shí)到在動(dòng)詞+介詞/ 副詞結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞或副詞是不可以隨意丟棄的，再者，短語take care of本身可以看作一個(gè)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)，副詞well修飾動(dòng)詞的用法也是正確的。因此答案只能是A。學(xué)生易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)典型錯(cuò)題三：Can you tell me whom the play _ in 2003?A. is written B. was wri

13、tten C. is written by D. was written by原因分析：學(xué)生看到了四個(gè)選項(xiàng)就已經(jīng)很明確地知道了考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，接著看到題干中的in 2003就已經(jīng)樂開了，而忽視了題干中whom的存在，誤選了答案B。正確答案為D。學(xué)生易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)典型錯(cuò)題四：區(qū)別本身只具有主動(dòng)意義的詞（近五年未出現(xiàn)在廣州市中考試題中）；Can you tell me _?A. when did it happen B. when it happened C. when was it happened D. when it was happened 原因分析：學(xué)生誤以為happen是及物動(dòng)詞而選擇D，正

14、確答案為B。happen to sb. 謀事發(fā)生在某人身上，而不是發(fā)生某人；不及物動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義(即用謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義)1.系動(dòng)詞look、sound、feel、smell、taste+表語eg：The cotton feels soft. The dish smells delicious.2.表示“開始”、“結(jié)束”、“運(yùn)動(dòng)”的動(dòng)詞：begin, start,finish,open,close,stop,shut,run,move等eg：The shopping mall closes at 9 p.m. everyday.3.表示主語特征的動(dòng)詞帶上一個(gè)修飾語：read

15、, write, act, cut,sell,wash, clean, eat, drink等eg: The juice drinks well./ The cloth wears softly.強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練（一）單項(xiàng)選擇（一）單項(xiàng)選擇1. We know that English _ all over the world.A. is spoken B. is speaking C. speaks D. has spoken2. Computer _ in everyday life in this country before long.A. is used B. will use C. wil

16、l be used D. was used3. Its true that his bad teeth _ out by himself.A. has been pulled B. have been pulled C. has pulled D. pulled4. Ive told the old man his money _ by the policemen.A. has been found B. have been found C. have found out D. has found5. What _just now?A. was happened B. were happene

17、dC. happened D. happens6. The children _ not to play with the fire .A. are told B. tell C. are asking D. warn7. -_ the Internet _ in your school?-Yes , but the computer in our office often refuses to work.A. Is, used B. Is, using C. Does, use D. Has, used8. -Something is wrong with the car.-Dont wor

18、ry. Ill have it _ soon. A. fixed B. mending C.to repair D. to fix9.- Football _ by the British at the beginning of last century.- Thats probably why football is one of the most popular games in England.A. was invented B. invented C. was inventing D. invents10. The PRC was _ on October 1st 1949.A. fo

19、und B. find C. founding D. founded11. I turned back only to find myself _ by a group of beggars.A. follow B. following C. to follow D. followed12. Now her lost books are usually_ the library.A .returned B .returned to C. paid D. paid to13. Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.A. to lea

20、rn B. learn C. learning D. learns14. -My trousers are_ . -Ill buy you a new pair.A. wore outB. worn out C. wearing out D. sold out15. Dont you know sweaters cant _ that way?A. be washed B. being washed C. being washing D. wash16. The broken cup _ away by the boy already.A. has been thrown B. is thrown C. is being thrown D. threw17. _ that Ann is a very clever girl.A. Its believed B. Its believe B. C. It is believing D. Its believed to18. Everyone except Jim and Bill _ some sweets .Agives B. is given C. give D. are given19. I think the sick boy must _ to the hospital as soon as possibl