專題06情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣-三年高考(2016-2018)英語試題分項(xiàng)版解析Word版含解析

1、2018 年高考題1. 【 2018 ·江蘇】 24. It s strange that he have taken the books without theownerspermission.A. would B. shouldC. could D. might【答案】B點(diǎn)睛：本題考查虛擬語氣。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that.主語從句多數(shù)情況下用虛擬語氣，表達(dá)一種要求、命令或者責(zé)備、建議或主觀看法。但是如果只是表示陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)而不是強(qiáng)烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陳述語氣。試比較：It is stra

2、nge that he had made a mistake.（陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)：他犯了錯(cuò)誤讓人有點(diǎn)奇怪。） It is strange that he （should） have made a mistake.（虛擬語氣，說話者是在責(zé)備他本不應(yīng)該犯錯(cuò)。）2. 【 2018·江蘇】 27. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I a secondchance to become more involved.A. had B. will haveC. would have had D. have had【答案】A【解

3、析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：在這個(gè)村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有機(jī)會(huì)去更多的參與。本題考查wish 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望，所以從句用一般過去時(shí)。故選A。點(diǎn)睛：本題考查wish 引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣。由wish 引起的表示愿望的虛擬語氣：1用wish 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的愿望時(shí)，它所引起的賓語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞形式為：過去式（be 動(dòng)詞用 were） 。 2用 wish 表示對(duì)將來的愿望時(shí)，它所引起的賓語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞形式為：would, could, might+ 動(dòng)詞原形。3 wish 用于對(duì)過去的事實(shí)表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí)，賓語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞形式為：had+動(dòng)詞過去分詞或cou

4、ld, would + have+動(dòng)詞過去分詞。分析此題需抓住前句There is a good social life in the village時(shí)，可以判斷出此題wish 用于對(duì)現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。3. 【 2018·天津】 10. I can't find my purse. I it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'mnot sure.A. should leave B. must have leftC. might leave D. could have left【答案】D點(diǎn)睛：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是每年高考的熱

5、點(diǎn)也是難點(diǎn)。本題抓住兩點(diǎn)：第一、時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語可以判斷出是對(duì)過去事情的推測(cè)，故用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have done ；如果是對(duì)現(xiàn)在事情的推測(cè)，才用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+v 原形。第二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的選擇。must 為肯定推測(cè)，表示“一定”， could 為不肯定推測(cè)，表示“可能”，這樣就能選出正確答案。4. 【 2018·北京】12. In today s information age, the loss of data cause serious problemsfor a company.A. need B. should C. can D. must【答案】C【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：

6、在今天的信息時(shí)代，數(shù)據(jù)的丟失有時(shí)會(huì)對(duì)一個(gè)公司造成嚴(yán)重的問題。數(shù)據(jù)丟失造成嚴(yán)重問題是客觀上會(huì)發(fā)生的情況，即“客觀可能性”，故該空應(yīng)用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can。 C選項(xiàng)正確。其余情態(tài)動(dòng)詞均沒有該用法。need 需要； should 應(yīng)該，竟然；must 必須，肯定。點(diǎn)睛： can 的基本用法：1. （ 表示能力、功能） 能，會(huì)；2. （ 表示推測(cè)） 可能，可能會(huì)；3. （表示允許，請(qǐng)求）可以； 4. （表示客觀可能性）有時(shí)會(huì)。5. 【 2018·北京】13. They might have found a better hotel if they a few more kilometers.A.

7、 drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven 【答案】D【解析】 考查虛擬語氣。句意： 如果他們多開幾公里的話，他們也許會(huì)找到一個(gè)更好的旅館。由“ they mighthave found a better hotel ”可知，該句是表示對(duì)過去的虛擬。 if a few more kilometers 是條件句部分，表示對(duì)過去的虛擬，條件句部分要用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，故D選項(xiàng)正確。點(diǎn)睛： 1. 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬：if 條件句用一般過去時(shí)，主句用would/might/could/should+do ； 2. 表示對(duì)過去的虛擬：if 條件句用

8、過去完成時(shí)，主句用would/might/could/should+have done ； 3. 表示對(duì)將來的虛擬：if 條件句用were to do/should do/ 一般過去時(shí)，主句用would/might/could/should+do 。6. 【 2018·天津】15. If we the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday onthe beachA. had caught B. caughtC. have caught D. would catch【答案】A【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：如果我們昨天趕上飛機(jī)

9、的話，現(xiàn)在我們正在海灘享受我們的假日了。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語yesterday 可知，從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反，故用had + v-ed 。故選 A。點(diǎn)睛：本題考查虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣重要做題原則：根據(jù)題干中主句或從句中動(dòng)詞形式判斷所考查的動(dòng)詞的虛擬時(shí)間，一般要保持一致，但要注意錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬語氣要根據(jù)各自所表示的虛擬時(shí)間做出調(diào)整。本題就是錯(cuò)綜條件虛擬語氣，從句與過去事實(shí)相反，故用had + v-ed ，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。2017 年高考題【 2017 ·北京卷】 21. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, easily reach the books o

10、n thetop shelf.A. must B. should C. can D. need【答案】C考點(diǎn)：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞【名師點(diǎn)睛】常用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can ， may， must， need, should 等1 . can 的用法： 表示能力 “能，會(huì)”eg: He can speak a little Japanese.他會(huì)說一點(diǎn)日語。 表示請(qǐng)求或許可 “可以”eg: Can I help you? 要我?guī)兔? 表示猜測(cè) “可能”eg: Where can she go now? 她可能到哪里去了呢?2 .may 的用法：表示請(qǐng)求或允許 “可以”“準(zhǔn)許”eg: May I go hom

11、e ， please? 請(qǐng)問我可以回家嗎? 表示可能性“ 可能”、也許”eg: I think it may rain this afternoon.我想今天下午可能下雨。注： might 為may的過去式，但也可以代替may，語氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)客氣或更加不肯定。eg: He might not come today. 今天他也許不來了。（ 語氣不肯定） You might also get a headache when you work too hard，當(dāng)你工作太努力時(shí)，你也可能患頭痛3. must 的用法：表示義務(wù)、必要或命令 “必須、應(yīng)該”eg: You must come early t

12、omorrow 你明天得早來。 表示推測(cè)時(shí)“肯定，一定”eg: They must be at home.The light is on 他們肯定在家, 燈亮著呢. must not 禁止，不許eg: You must not tell lies.你不許撒謊。注意： must 開頭的疑問句，其否定回答通常用don't have to 或 needn't 。而不用mustn'teg: -Must I finish my homework first?我必須先完成作業(yè)嗎？-No, you don't have to/ needn't.不，你不必。 can 和

13、 must 在 表推測(cè)時(shí)，can 一般否定句中，而must 常用于肯定句中。eg: It can not be Li Lei 那個(gè)人不可能是李磊 It must be Li Lei 那個(gè)人肯定是李磊。4. need 的用法： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 “需要 , 有必要”一般用于否定句或疑問句中。eg: You needn't come here this afternoon.你今天下午不必來。 行為動(dòng)詞 “需要 , 有必要”可以用于各種句式中。eg: You don't need to go now. 你不必現(xiàn)在就走。 I need to have a rest. 我需要休息一下 Do we

14、 need to finish all the work today?我們今天需要完成所有的工作嗎？need 的用法的助記口訣：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞表“需要”，后接名、代、不定式。 need 后接動(dòng)名詞，主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表“需要”，沒有人稱 數(shù)之變。其后直接加動(dòng)原，多用疑問與否定?！?2017 ·北京卷】 34. If the new safety system to use, the accident would never have happened.A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put考點(diǎn)：考查虛擬

15、語氣?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】英語中的三種語氣，語氣是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用來說明我們對(duì)自己的話所采取的態(tài)度。1 、陳述語氣（疑問，否定，肯定，感嘆）2、祈使語氣（命令，要求，建議，警告）3、虛擬語氣：不可能發(fā)生的事，愿望，建議，與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)等.一、虛擬語氣在條件中的具體用法真實(shí)條件句If you work hard,you ll surely pass the exam.虛擬條件句（假設(shè)情況不存在，實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)會(huì)很小）If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky.if 從句的謂語動(dòng)詞主句謂語動(dòng)詞1. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過去式（be 一律用were）would/

16、could/might/should+動(dòng)詞原形2. 與過去事實(shí)相反had donewould/could/might/should+have done3. 與將來事實(shí)可能相反a. 動(dòng)詞過去式（be 一律用were）b.should+ 動(dòng)詞原形（不能用would）c.were to+ 動(dòng)詞原形would/could/might/should+動(dòng)詞原形1. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反if 從句：動(dòng)詞過去式(be-were )主句： would/could/might/should+ 動(dòng)詞原形If we had time, we would go with you.If I were you, I should

17、n t do that.If it weren t raining, we wouldn t stay.2. 與過去事實(shí)相反if 從句： had done主句： would/could/might/should+have doneIf the teacher hadn t helped us, we couldn t have succeeded.I could have done it better if I had been more careful.If he hadn t been ill, he might have come.3. 與將來事實(shí)可能相反if 從句： a. 動(dòng)詞過去式（

18、be 一律用were）b.should+ 動(dòng)詞原形（不能用would ）c.were to+ 動(dòng)詞原形主句： would/could/might/should+ 動(dòng)詞原形If he came tomorrow, I would tell him everything.If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home and watch TV.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.Should he come tomorrow, please give the book to him.

19、4. 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句在虛擬語氣中，有時(shí)條件從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間和主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是不一致的，稱為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。這種句子的形式往往要根據(jù)句子的時(shí)間相調(diào)整，分別處理。If youhad spoken to him yesterday , you would know what to do now.If youhad followed the do ctor s advice then , you would be all right now.If you had watered them more, the crops would be growing still better now.（ 有時(shí)

20、時(shí)間會(huì)省略）5. 含蓄條件句有時(shí)虛擬條件不用if 條件從句，而用介詞或介詞短語來表示。They would not be able to live without him. （如果沒有）He would have failed but for his teac her s timely advice.（要不是）=if it had not been forIf only you had worked with greater care!（ 要是 . 就好了）You would have done the same thing in her position .With a little mor

21、e careyou could have avoid the traffic accident.6. 虛擬結(jié)合條件句在虛擬語氣中，假設(shè)的情況有時(shí)間可以通過上下文或其他方式表現(xiàn)出來，并且虛擬的情況和真實(shí)的情況同時(shí)存在。I was ill that day. Otherwise , I would have taken part in the singing competition.（實(shí) 虛）=I was ill that day. If I hadn t been ill that day, I would have taken part in the singingcompetition.He

22、 would have bought the piano, but he didn t have enough money.（虛 實(shí)）=He would have bought the piano if he had had enough money, but in fact he didn t have enoughmoney.7. 省略 if 倒裝條件句在虛擬語氣中，if 從句假設(shè)的情況中如果有助動(dòng)詞had, should 和were，那么可省略if ，把 had, should和 were 放在句首構(gòu)成倒裝，簡(jiǎn)稱省略if 倒裝條件句。If he had finished the work

23、 yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.=Had he finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.If I were you, I wouldn t do that.=were I you, I wouldn t do that.If I should meet him, I would tell him about it.=Should I meet him, I would tell him about it.【 201

24、7·江蘇卷】22. not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcomeher difficulty.A. It wereB. Were itC. It wasD. Was it【答案】B【名師點(diǎn)睛】在虛擬語氣中，be 動(dòng)詞只能用were；虛擬條件句省去連詞if 時(shí)，從句主謂部分倒裝：Were/Had/Should+主語 +謂語動(dòng)詞.e.g. Were I Tom, I would refuse.如果我是湯姆，我會(huì)拒絕。I will go, should it be necessary.假若有必要，我會(huì)

25、去的。Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time.若不是天氣壞，我們就準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)了。若條件從句為否定句，否定詞not 應(yīng)置于主語之后，而不能與were, should, had 等縮略成Weren t,Shouldn t,Hadnt置于句首。考點(diǎn)：考查虛擬語氣和倒裝【 2017 ·天津卷】 2. My room is a mess, but I clean it before I go out tonight. I cando it in the morning.A. daren t B. shou

26、ldn t C. needn t D. mustn t【答案】C【解析】試題分析：句意：我的房間很亂，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打掃，我可以明天早晨再打掃。A. 不敢；B. 不應(yīng)該；C不需要；D.不許。根據(jù)句意，故選C?？键c(diǎn)：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要考查句意和說話人的語氣的強(qiáng)弱，這幾個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定形式意思各不相同，確定各自的含義，弄清它們的區(qū)別再結(jié)合上下文語境就不難理解了。daren t 通常表示 “不敢” ， shouldn t強(qiáng)調(diào)的是沒有義務(wù)，必要性；needn t 表示“不需要”， mustn't 表示不許，語氣比較強(qiáng)烈，它們之間有明顯不同?！?2017 

27、3;天津卷】 15. Do you have Betty s phone number? Yes. Otherwise, I able to reach her yesterday.A. hadn t been B. wouldn t have been C. weren t D. wouldn t be【答案】Bif 的虛擬語氣非常重要，首先要熟悉基本用法：1 、表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況，從句：If2、表示與過去事實(shí)相反的主語+過去時(shí)（be 動(dòng)詞用 were） ；主句：主語+should/would/could/might+do3、表示對(duì)將來情況，從句：If 主語+had+done；主句：主

28、語+should/ would/ could/ might+have done情況的主觀推測(cè)，從句： if+ 主語 +were to do if+ 主語 +should+do if+ 主語+did（動(dòng)詞過去式）/were ；主句：主語+should /would/ could /might+do ，另外要注意從句也可以省略if ，把had， were， should 提前。這句話的虛擬語氣是根據(jù)標(biāo)志詞otherwise 和句意推斷出主句是對(duì)過去的虛擬。2016 年高考題1. 【 2016·北京】31. I love the weekend, because I get up earl

29、y on Saturdays and Sundays.A. needn t B. mustn t C. wouldn t D. shouldn t【答案】A【解析】試題分析：題目考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：我喜歡周末，因?yàn)橹芰椭苋瘴也恍枰缙?。A. needn t 不需要；B. mustn t 禁止； C. wouldn t 不愿； D. shouldn t 不應(yīng)該。根據(jù)句意可知，周六、周日不用早起，故選A。考點(diǎn)：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞【名師點(diǎn)睛】常用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can ， may， must， need,should, had better.1. can 的用法： 表示能力 “能，會(huì)”eg: He can

30、speak a little Japanese.他會(huì)說一點(diǎn)日語。 表示請(qǐng)求或許可 “可以”eg: Can I help you? 要我?guī)兔?表示猜測(cè)2.may 的用法：表示請(qǐng)求或允許 表示可能性eg: Where can she go now? 她可能到哪里去了呢eg: May I go home ， please? 請(qǐng)問我可以回家嗎?可能”、也許”eg: I think it may rain this afternoon.我想今天下午可能下雨。注： might 為 may的過去式，但也可以代替may，語氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)客氣或更加不肯定。eg: He might not come today.

31、今天他也許不來了。（ 語氣不肯定） You might also get a headache when you work too hard，當(dāng)你工作太努力時(shí)，你也可能患頭痛3. must 的用法：表示義務(wù)、必要或命令eg: You must come early tomorrow 你明天得早來。 表示推測(cè)時(shí)“肯定，一定”eg: They must be at home.The light is on 他們肯定在家, 燈亮著呢. must not 禁止，不許eg: You must not tell lies.你不許撒謊。注意： must 開頭的疑問句，其否定回答通常用don't ha

32、ve to 或 needn't 。而不用mustn'teg: -Must I finish my homework first?我必須先完成作業(yè)嗎？-No, you don't have to/ needn't.不，你不必。 can 和 must 在 表推測(cè)時(shí)，can 一般否定句中，而must 常用于肯定句中。eg: It can not be Li Lei 那個(gè)人不可能是李磊 It must be Li Lei 那個(gè)人肯定是李磊。4. need 的用法： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 “需要 , 有必要”一般用于否定句或疑問句中。eg: You needn't come

33、here this afternoon.你今天下午不必來。 行為動(dòng)詞 “需要 , 有必要”可以用于各種句式中。eg: You don't need to go now. 你不必現(xiàn)在就走。 I need to have a rest. 我需要休息一下 Do we need to finish all the work today?我們今天需要完成所有的工作嗎？need 的用法的助記口訣：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞表“需要”，后接名、代、不定式。 need 后接動(dòng)名詞，主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表“需要”，沒有人稱 數(shù)之變。其后直接加動(dòng)原，多用疑問與否定。2. 【 2016·北京】34. Why d

34、idn t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you me,I could have helped.A. toldB. had toldC. were to tellD. would tell【答案】B考點(diǎn)：考查虛擬語氣【名師點(diǎn)睛】 英語中的三種語氣，語氣是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用來說明我們對(duì)自己的話所采取的態(tài)度。4、陳述語氣（疑問，否定，肯定，感嘆）5、祈使語氣（命令，要求，建議，警告）6、虛擬語氣：不可能發(fā)生的事，愿望，建議，與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)等二、虛擬語氣在條件中的具體用法真實(shí)條件句If you work hard,you ll surel

35、y pass the exam.虛擬條件句（假設(shè)情況不存在，實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)會(huì)很?。㊣f I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky.If it snowed tomorrow, we would stay at the home.if 從句的謂語動(dòng)詞主句謂語動(dòng)詞1. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過去式（be 一律用were）would/could/might/should+動(dòng)詞原形2. 與過去事實(shí)相反had donewould/could/might/should+have done3. 與將來事實(shí)可能相反a. 動(dòng)詞過去式（be 一律用were）b.should+

36、動(dòng)詞原形（不能用would）c.were to+ 動(dòng)詞原形would/could/might/should+動(dòng)詞原形2. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反if 從句：動(dòng)詞過去式(be-were )主句： would/could/might/should+ 動(dòng)詞原形If we had time, we would go with you.If I were you, I shouldn t do that.If it weren t raining, we wouldn t stay.3. 與過去事實(shí)相反if 從句： had done主句： would/could/might/should+have doneIf

37、 the teacher hadn t helped us, we couldn t have succeeded.I could have done it better if I had been more careful.If he hadn t been ill, he might have come.4. 與將來事實(shí)可能相反if 從句： a. 動(dòng)詞過去式（be 一律用were）b.should+ 動(dòng)詞原形（不能用would ）c.were to+ 動(dòng)詞原形主句： would/could/might/should+ 動(dòng)詞原形If he came tomorrow, I would tel

38、l him everything.If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home and watch TV.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.Should he come tomorrow, please give the book to him.5. 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句在虛擬語氣中，有時(shí)條件從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間和主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是不一致的，稱為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。這種句子的形式往往要根據(jù)句子的時(shí)間相調(diào)整，分別處理。If you had spoken to him yesterday

39、, you would know what to do now.If you had followed the doctor s advice then , you would be all right now.If you had watered them more, the crops would be growing still better now.（ 有時(shí)時(shí)間會(huì)省略）6. 含蓄條件句有時(shí)虛擬條件不用if 條件從句，而用介詞或介詞短語來表示。They would not be able to live without him. （如果沒有）He would have failed bu

40、t for his teacher s timely advice.（要不是）=if it had not been forIf only you had worked with greater care!（ 要是 . 就好了）You would have done the same thing in her position .With a little more care you could have avoid the traffic accident.7. 虛擬結(jié)合條件句在虛擬語氣中，假設(shè)的情況有時(shí)間可以通過上下文或其他方式表現(xiàn)出來，并且虛擬的情況和真實(shí)的情況同時(shí)存在。I was il

41、l that day. Otherwise , I would have taken part in the singing competition.虛）=I was ill that day. If I hadnt been ill that day, I would have taken part in the singingcompetition.He would have bought the piano, but he didn t have enough money.（虛 實(shí)）=He would have bought the piano if he had had enough

42、money, but in fact he didn t have enoughmoney.8. 省略 if 倒裝條件句在虛擬語氣中，if 從句假設(shè)的情況中如果有助動(dòng)詞had, should 和were，那么可省略if ，把 had, should和 were 放在句首構(gòu)成倒裝，簡(jiǎn)稱省略if 倒裝條件句。If he had finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.=Had he finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the co

43、ncert with you.If I were you, I wouldn t do that.=were I you, I wouldn t do that.If I should meet him, I would tell him about it.=Should I meet him, I would tell him about it.3. 【 2016·江蘇】27.If it for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.A. had not beenB. should not be C. were

44、 not to beD. should not have been【答案】A【名師點(diǎn)睛】有時(shí)條件從句和主句所表示的動(dòng)作在時(shí)間上可以不一致（例如一個(gè)與過去事實(shí)相反，另一個(gè)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反） ， 這種虛擬條件句就稱為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句。在這種條件句中，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)具體情況進(jìn)行調(diào)整。例句：She would never have behaved like that if she had some common sense.如果她有一些常識(shí)的話，她就決不會(huì)像那樣做了。If I had a bike （now）, I would have lent it to you yesterday.假如我有自行

45、車，昨天早就借給你了。句型說明：錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句中，特別注意時(shí)間狀語，在這種情況下必須明確給以時(shí)間或通過上下文可明白看出時(shí)間不同，否則就按一般時(shí)間搭配使用?？键c(diǎn)：考查虛擬語氣4. 【 2016·天津】5. It was really annoying; I get access to the data bank you had recommended.A. wou ldn t B. couldn t C. shouldn t D. needn t【答案】B考點(diǎn)：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要考查句意和說話人的語氣的強(qiáng)弱，這幾個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定形式意思各不相同，確定各自的含義，弄清

46、它們的區(qū)別再結(jié)合上下文語境就不難理解了。couldn t 通常表示“沒有能力”，wouldn t 帶有意愿色彩，shouldn t 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是沒有義務(wù)，必要性；neednt表示“沒有需要”，之間有明顯不同。5. 【 2016·天津】15. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn t been wearing one, I .A. were injured B. would be injuredC. had been injured D. would have been injured【答案】D【解析】試題分析：句意：我當(dāng)時(shí)系著安全帶。如果我沒有系安全帶，

47、我就會(huì)受傷了。使用虛擬語氣，根據(jù)if 條件句用的 had done ，可知，主句用would have done 表示對(duì)過去情況的虛擬，而且I 和 injure 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故選D。【名師點(diǎn)睛】if 的虛擬語氣非常重要，首先要熟悉基本用法：1 、表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況，從句：If主語+過去時(shí)（be 動(dòng)詞用 were） ；主句：主語+should/would/could/might+do ：2、表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況，從句：If 主語+had+done；主句：主語+should/ would/ could/ might+have done3、表示對(duì)將來情況的主觀推測(cè)，從句： if+ 主語 +

48、were to do if+ 主語 +should+do if+ 主語 +did（動(dòng)詞過去式）/were ；主句：主語+should /would/ could /might+do ，另外要注意從句也可以省略if ，把had， were， should 提前。這句話的虛擬語氣比較明顯，if 條件句使用了過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去相反，沒有倒裝形式，學(xué)生容易看出。6. 【 2016·浙江】15. Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deathssince their highest in

49、2005.A. had not fallen B. would not fall C.did not fall D.would not havefallen 【答案】D考點(diǎn)：考查虛擬語氣?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】if 的虛擬語氣非常重要，首先要熟悉基本用法：1 、表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況，從句：If主語+過去時(shí)（be 動(dòng)詞用 were） ；主句：主語+should/would/could/might+do ：2、表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況，從句：If 主語 +had+done；主句：主語+should/ would/ could/ might+have done3、表示對(duì)將來情況的主觀推測(cè)，從句： if+

50、主語 +were to do if+ 主語 +should+do if+ 主語+did（動(dòng)詞過去式）/were ；主句：主語+should /would/ could /might+do ，另外要注意從句也可以省略if ，把had， were， should 提前。這句話的虛擬語氣比較明顯，if 條件句省略了if ，將 had 提前，說明使用了過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去相反，學(xué)生看出這點(diǎn)就容易做題了。7. 【 2016·浙江】17. George too far . His coffee is still warm .A. must have gone B. might have gone

51、 C. can't have gone D. needn't have gone 【答案】C【解析】試題分析：?jiǎn)讨尾豢赡茏叩锰h(yuǎn)了。他的咖啡仍然是溫的。can t have done 是對(duì)過去的否定推測(cè)；must havedone過去一定做了某事；might have done 過去可能做了某事；needn t have done 過去本不必做某事。故選C。考點(diǎn)：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done 。【名師點(diǎn)睛】熟練掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法，對(duì)準(zhǔn)確理解語法填空、完形填空、閱讀理解、聽力理解中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子是很有益處的，并且在寫作中也可能會(huì)用到情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。因此，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)好情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，尤

52、其要掌握好常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done 的用法：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無論是表達(dá)“推測(cè)和可能性”，還是表達(dá)“虛擬”這一概念，只要是對(duì)過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行描述，一律用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”這一結(jié)構(gòu)； 對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼氖虑檫M(jìn)行描述，用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞原形”。注意不同的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和have done搭配的含義。表示推測(cè)的can have done 一般用于疑問和否定句中。2015 年高考題1. 【 2015 ·北京】29Can t you stay a little longer? It s getting late. I really go now, My daug

53、hter is home alone.A .may B .can C . must D .dare【答案】C【考點(diǎn)定位】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞辨析【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題是考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，這里考查的是語氣的強(qiáng)度，在這里結(jié)合語境是“一定”的意思，所以要做好此類辨析題需掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞選項(xiàng)的語氣并結(jié)合語境。2. 【 2015·北京】34. If I it with my own eyes ,I wouldn t have believed it.A . didn t see B. weren t seeingC. wouldn t see D. hadn t seen【答案】D【解析】試題分析：句意：如果不是我

54、親眼看到，我不會(huì)相信。根據(jù)后半句wouldn t have believed 可以判斷是對(duì)過去的虛擬。所以從句是if+ 主語 + had+done 的形式。故選D?！究键c(diǎn)定位】虛擬語氣【名師點(diǎn)睛】條件句中有if 引導(dǎo)時(shí) , 首先要根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷是真實(shí)條件句還是虛擬條件句, 如果符合虛擬的結(jié)構(gòu), 就可以根據(jù)句子中的時(shí)間和語意判斷應(yīng)該用哪種虛擬語氣。3. 【 2015·重慶】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingwayhis famous novel A Farewellto Arms.A. didn t writeB. hadn t

55、 writtenC. wouldn t writeD. wouldn t have written【答案】D考查虛擬語氣【名師點(diǎn)睛】虛擬語氣是一種動(dòng)詞形式，表示說話人的一種愿望，假設(shè)，懷疑，猜測(cè)建議等含義，表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實(shí)，此類的題目一般難度不大，主要找對(duì)時(shí)間狀語，并且看分清時(shí)間狀語與主句還是從句有關(guān)系，再來確定用對(duì)現(xiàn)在，過去還是將來的虛擬。4. 【 2015 ·重慶】12. You be Carol. You haven t changed a bit after all these years.A. must B. canC. willD. shall【答案】A【解析】試題分析：句意：你肯定是卡羅，這些年你一點(diǎn)也沒有變化。must 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的肯定推測(cè)。故選A?！究键c(diǎn)定位】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。must 表推測(cè) 的用法must 表 示很有把握的推測(cè)，其意為“一定會(huì)”“肯定會(huì)”，只用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句或疑問句。表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或未來的情況作推測(cè)，后接動(dòng)詞原形。You have workedhard a