初三英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解與精練

1、初三英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解與精練初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一、語(yǔ)態(tài)概述英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)是通過(guò)動(dòng)詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例如：Many people speak Chinese.謂語(yǔ)：speak的動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)many people來(lái)執(zhí)行的。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.主語(yǔ)English是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者。二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過(guò)be的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。現(xiàn)以speak為例說(shuō)明被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在各

2、種時(shí)態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：amisarespoken一般過(guò)去時(shí)：waswerespoken一般將來(lái)時(shí)：willbe going to bespoken過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：wouldbe going to bespoken現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：amisare beingspoken過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：waswere beingspoken現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：havehas beenspoken過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had been + spoken三、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)舉例（以動(dòng)詞do為例） 1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（am/ is/ are +done）English is spoken by lots of people in the world

3、. 世界上的許多人都說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都舉行班會(huì)。The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 學(xué)生們每天都打掃教室。 2一般過(guò)去時(shí)(was/ were +done)The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那個(gè)男孩打碎了。He was saved at last. 他最終獲救了。My bike was stolen. 我的自行車被偷了。 3一般將來(lái)時(shí)與過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(will be +done; would be +done)A speech

4、 will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一個(gè)演講。A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一條新馬路。I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我認(rèn)為將有數(shù)千人得到幫助。 4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done)The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天這時(shí)，機(jī)器正在被修理。The problem is being dis

5、cussed now. 問(wèn)題正在被討論。A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一輛公共汽車。 5現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/ has been + done) literatureTwo hundred trees have been planted by now. 到現(xiàn)在為止，已經(jīng)種了二百棵樹了。The book has been read many times by me. 這本書已經(jīng)被我讀了許多遍了。Several soldiers have already been killed in the conflict. 在沖突中已經(jīng)有幾名士兵被

6、殺害。 6過(guò)去完成時(shí)(had been+done)They said they had been invited to the party. 他們說(shuō)已經(jīng)被邀請(qǐng)參加晚會(huì)了。She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她發(fā)現(xiàn)房子已經(jīng)被暴風(fēng)雨摧毀。He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died. 他在去世前已經(jīng)被疾病折磨很多年了。四、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。We can repair this

7、 watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.It should be done at once.五、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法（1）不知道或沒有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。（不知道電腦是誰(shuí)偷的）This bridge was founded in 1981.這座橋竣工于1981年。（2）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例如：The glass was broken

8、by Mike.玻璃杯是邁克打破的。This book was written by him.這本書是他寫的。Your homework must be finished on time.你們的家庭作業(yè)必須及時(shí)完成。（3）表示客觀的說(shuō)明常用"It is + 過(guò)去分詞."句型。It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.據(jù)說(shuō)露茜已經(jīng)出國(guó)了。It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是個(gè)間諜。其它常見的"It is + 過(guò)去分詞+ that&qu

9、ot;句型還有It is reported that據(jù)報(bào)道It is said that據(jù)說(shuō)It is believed that大家相信It is suggested that有人建議六、動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)之意（1）以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)之意的動(dòng)詞多為連系動(dòng)詞，如：look, feel, smell等。The flower smells sweet.這花聞起來(lái)很香。The watch looks good.這表看起來(lái)很好。This book sells well.這本書暢銷。（2）下列動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)式：happen，cost，take placeAn accident was happened

10、 yesterday.（×）昨天發(fā)生了一起事故。An accident happened yesterday.（ ）七、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法（1）把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。（2）把謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)（be過(guò)去分詞） （根據(jù)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子里的主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來(lái)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定be的形式）。（3）把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by之后作賓語(yǔ)，將主格改為賓格。例如：All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The

11、bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree.A tree was cut down by him.專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1(  ) 1 Doctors _ in every part of the world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need(  ) 2 English _ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken (  )3 This English

12、 song_ by the girls after class.  A. often sings B. often sang  C. is often sang D. is often sung(  ) 4 This kind of car _ in Japan.  A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made(  ) 5 New computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used(  )

13、6 Our room must _ clean.  A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep (  ) 7 The classroom _every day. A. cleans B. is cleaning C .is cleaned D. has cleaned ( )8 The flowers_often.  A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water( ) 9You may go fishing if your work_.

14、A. is done   B. will be done C .has done   D. done( )10 I wasnt at home yesterday. I _ to help the farmers.   A. asked B. am asked C. was asked D. was asking( )11 A lot of food _ to that country after the war was over.A. was sent sent C. were sent D. is sending(  )12 Japanese _ i

15、n every country.  A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking(  ) _ in the south of China. A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow(  )14 The bridges_ two years ago. built B. built C. were built D. was built (  )15. A wonderful English talk _ by Mr Liu

16、 tomorrow. A. has been given B. is given C. is being given D. will be given專項(xiàng)練習(xí)2( )1. Good books _ again and again. A. should be readed B. should be read C. must read        ( )2. The children _ by the nurse. A. were looked       B. lo

17、oked after C. were looked after ( )3. He _ some pieces of advice, but he _ to them. A. gave, didn't listen   B. was given, wasn't listened C. was given, didn't listen ( )4. When_ the accident _ A. was, happen B. did, happen C. was, happened ( )5. The question _ by us soon. A. w

18、ill discuss B. is going to be discussed C. has been discussed ( )6. The lab _ about five years ago. A. was builded B. was built C. has been built ( )7. A lot of tall buildings _ in his hometown in the last three years. A. have set up B. have been set up C. were set up ( )8. They _ printing 500 copie

19、s by the end of last month. A. had finished B. have finished C. had been finished ( )9. Rice _ also _ in their hometown. A. isgrown B. isgrew C. wasgrown ( )10. He _ by the teachers. A. is always praised B. always is praised C. have been praised ( )11. Great changes _ place. Many new schools_ 

20、. A. have taken, have been opened B. take, are open C. have been taken, are opened ( )12. The picture_  in October, 1996. A. was taking B. had been taken C. was taken ( )13. We can't use the bridge now, because it_ . A. has been repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired ( )14. I _the way

21、 to the railway station by a policeman. A. was shown B. showed C. have shown ( )15. Oh, the milk_ strange. Do you think it s OK to drink？ A was tasted B tastes C is tasting綜合練習(xí). 完形填空（10分）I used to watch a little girl playing basketball every day. One day I asked her why she practiced so 16 . She sai

22、d, “I like basketball and I want to be the 17 player. My dad told me, If the dream is big enough, the facts dont count.”She never changed her mind. She practiced basketball every day. 18 one day before she graduated from high school, I saw her sitting on the grass 19 . I asked her what was wrong. Sh

23、e told me that her coach said she was 20 short to be a good basketball player. She was heartbroken. Then her father said to her, “If you 21 want to be a good basketball player, nothing but you 22 can stop your dream.” He told her 23 , “If the dream is big enough, the facts dont count.”The next year,

24、 she and her team went to a big match. She was 24 by a coach of a famous team and was given a chance to the 25 basketball team.( )16. A. few B. little C. much D. hardly( )17. A. good B. better C. well D. best( )18. A. And B. But C. So D. First of all( )19. A. happily B. sleepily C. sadly D. noisily(

25、 )20. A. so B. very C. quite D. too( )21. A. really B. possibly C. badly D. successfully( )22. A. himself B. yourself C. herself D. yourselves( )23. A. often B. again C. always D. ever ( )24. A. allowed B. taught C. refused D. noticed( )25. A. mens B. womens C. childrens D. adults. 閱讀理解（30分）1970 was

26、 “World Conservation Year”. The UN wanted everyone to know that the world was in danger they hoped that governments would act quickly in order to conserve (保護(hù)) nature. Here is one example of the problem. At one time there were 1,300 different plants, trees and flowers in Holland, but now only remain

27、 860. The others have been destroyed(毀壞) by modern man and his technology. We are changing the earth, the air and the water, and everything that grows and lives here. We cant live without these things. If it continues like this, we shall destroy ourselves.What will happen in the future Perhaps it is

28、 more important to ask “What must we do now” The people who will be living in the world of tomorrow are the young of today. A lot of them know that conservation is necessary. Many are helping to save our world. They plant trees, build bridges across rivers in forests, and so on. In a small town in t

29、he United States a large group of girls cleaned the banks of 11 kilometers of their river. Young people may hear about conservation through a record called NO ONES GOING TO CHANGE OUR WORLD. It was made by the Beatles and other singers. The money from it will help to conserve wild animals.( ) 36. Th

30、e UN set up “World Conservation Year” because .A. the world was in danger of warB. the government had done something to protect the worldC. many things were destroyed by the technologyD. man and his technology destroyed the earth badly( ) 37. Kinds of plants have disappeared in Holland in the past f

31、ew years.A .860 B. 440 C. 1,300 D. 2,160( ) 38. “NO ONES GOING TO CHANGE OUR WORLD” is .A. a record B. a song C. a book D. a CD( ) 39. It is impossible to save our world if we .A. plant trees B. clean the banks of riversC. pick rubbish listen to the record( ) 40. The passage mainly tells us_.A. he p

32、eople who will be living in the world of tomorrow are the young of todayB. hat will happen in the world in the futureC. conservation of nature is necessaryD. everyone has known the importance of conservation of nature since 1970IV、首字母填空One day I found a little girl sitting in the park sadly. Lots of

33、 people passed by but never s_(51) to see why she looked so sad. As I got closer I saw that her b_(52) had a strange shape. Thats a hump (駝背)! Perhaps that was the r_ (53) why people just passed by and make no effort to help. I sat down beside her and said, “Hello!” Then she, in a low voic

34、e, said, “Hi.” I smiled and she smiled b_ (54) , shyly. Then we talked there u_ (51) it got dark. I asked the girl why she was so sad. She looked at me and said with a sad face, “Because of the hump.”“But, you make me t_ (56) of an angel (天使), sweet and friendly,” I said. She looked at me and asked, “Really” I said, “Yes, I think you are an angel and you come here to watch