考研英語二源文章閱讀集錦

1、2016考研英語閱讀題源經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人文章：孔雀的性選擇與進(jìn)化Sexual selection and evolution性選擇與進(jìn)化My pretty maid美麗的雌性A glamorous raiment sometimes helps a female birdas much as it helps a male華麗的外表有時給雌性的益處和雄性一樣多HOW the peacock got his tail is one of naturalhistory's “Just So” stories that biologists like to thinkthey have cracke

2、d. His tail is for showing off to the ladies just how fit he and his genes are. Aless-than-perfect tail means no offspring. Genes for spectacular male tails are thuspreserved and promoted over the generations in a process that is called sexual selection.孔雀是如何得到它的尾巴，生物學(xué)家樂意認(rèn)為這是他們已經(jīng)破解的自然界奧秘故事之一。它的尾巴是向雌

3、性炫耀它和它的基因是多么優(yōu)秀。稍有瑕疵的尾巴意味著沒有后代。受世代性選擇的過程的影響，雄性華麗的尾巴的基因因此得到保留并進(jìn)化。There is, though, a problem with this story. Peahens, though not as showy as cocks, are by nomeans dowdy. Their heads have fetching crests, and their necks are a beautiful, iridescentblue. Such flummery is costly to grow and likely to at

4、tract predators. If you do not have tostrut your stuff to get a mate, why do you need it?然而，這個故事有一個疑問。雌孔雀雖不如雄性那樣艷麗，但也絕不俗氣。它們頭上有迷人的羽冠，以及光澤艷麗的藍(lán)色脖子。這種裝飾物會威脅生存，可能招致天敵。如果你不是為了求偶炫耀，那你為什么需要它?Even more confusingly, in many species both sexes are equally showythe Gouldian finchesoverleaf, for example (the fe

5、male is on the right). So, though no one thinks the theory isincorrect, as far as it goes, it clearly does not go far enough. To understand things betterJames Dale of Massey University, in Auckland, New Zealand, and his colleagues have thereforeexamined the plumage of both sexes of all 5,983 species

6、 of passerine bird (peafowl, not beingpasserines, are not among them), and compared them in exquisite detail.更不解的是，許多物種雄性和雌性都絢麗例如上圖的彩虹鳥(右為雌性)。雖然沒人認(rèn)為這個理論是錯的，但就現(xiàn)狀而言，顯然不夠正確。為了了解更多，新西蘭奧克蘭區(qū)梅西大學(xué)的詹姆斯戴爾，和同事調(diào)查了總共5,983種雀形目鳥類雌雄的羽毛，并比較了他們的細(xì)微細(xì)節(jié)(孔雀不是雀形目，不在調(diào)查之中)。First, the team had to devise a way to deal with the

7、 11,966 types of plumage they had set outto examine. Using the “Handbook of the Birds of the World”, regarded by ornithologists as thedefinitive work in the field, they picked six points on a bird's body (nape, crown, forehead,throat, upper breast and lower breast) and performed a spectral analy

8、sis of each to measurehow red, green and blue it was. The average let them plot each plumage as a dot on a graphwith three axesred, green and blue.首先，團(tuán)隊(duì)設(shè)計(jì)了處理將要調(diào)查的11,966種羽毛的方法。用全世界鳥類手冊被鳥類學(xué)家視為該領(lǐng)域最為完整可靠的資料，他們在鳥身上挑了6處(頸部,羽冠,前額,喉嚨,前胸和下胸)，然后用光譜分析來測量紅色，綠色和藍(lán)色。在紅綠藍(lán)三維坐標(biāo)系上用小點(diǎn)繪制了平均羽毛顏色的散點(diǎn)圖。To translate this int

9、o a “showiness” score, the researchers started from the fact that, despitethe exceptions, showiness is still more a male than a female phenomenon. They thereforecalculated, as a proxy for showiness, a “maleness” score for each dot, regardless of which sexit represented, by counting the sexes of its

10、nearest 120 neighbours in the graph (ie, thenearest 1% of dots). They then ran these scores against characteristics, such as the size of aspecies, its habitat and its pattern of family life.為了轉(zhuǎn)化成“絢麗”分?jǐn)?shù)，研究者從事實(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)：除了個別例外，炫耀現(xiàn)象雄性多余雌性。因此他們計(jì)算出每一“雄性”點(diǎn)得分：無論雌性還是雄性有絢麗的裝飾物，通過計(jì)算它附近120個兩性點(diǎn)(將近1%的點(diǎn))。然后將這些分?jǐn)?shù)對比特征，比如物

11、種的大小，棲息地以及生活習(xí)性。Their first observation, as they report this week in Nature, was that in species where a fewmales monopolise all the females, with a consequent lack of male involvement in parental care,males were more colourful than females. This is what the theory of sexual selection wouldpredict. W

12、hat it would not predict in its simple form, though, was a second findingthatfemales in co-operatively breeding species (those in which, for lack of other opportunities,several females collaborate to raise the young of only one of them) are more ornamented thanthose in which all adult females have a

13、 chance of breeding. In this case it is females who arecompeting for the right to reproduce, thus putting themselves in a more male-like position.他們第一次觀察報(bào)告結(jié)果出版在本周自然上：在少量雄性配對所有雌性的物種，在親代撫育中缺少雄性角色的緣故，雄性比雌性更艷麗。這是性選擇理論做出的預(yù)測。然而，這個簡單形式的理論不能預(yù)測的是第二個發(fā)現(xiàn)：在合作哺育的物種(缺少雄性情況下，幾個雌性合作只能撫養(yǎng)其中一個后代)，雌性比有機(jī)會和雄性一起繁殖后代的雌性更花哨。

14、這個例子中正是雌性完成了繁殖的任務(wù)，因此他們扮演了雄性的角色。Another widespread belief Dr Dale and his colleagues confirmed is that tropical species aremore colourful than those from temperate climes. But again, there was a twistthe effect wasmuch more marked in females than in males. Something about the tropics favours colourfu

15、lfemales. It may be that tropical birds, which face more intense competition for food andnesting sites than temperate ones do because the tropics have more species, form morestable and collaborative pair-bonds than do temperate birds. In these circumstances malesalso need to be choosy, and females c

16、ompetitive. Selection for gaudy plumage therefore worksin both directions.戴爾博士和同事證實(shí)的另一個普遍的觀點(diǎn)是，熱帶氣候里的物種比溫帶的更鮮艷。但有一點(diǎn)不同這種效果雌性比雄性表現(xiàn)得更明顯。熱帶環(huán)境偏愛外表鮮艷的雌性。這可能是熱帶鳥類形成了更穩(wěn)定更協(xié)作的一夫一妻制，因?yàn)闊釒в懈辔锓N，熱帶鳥類比溫帶鳥類存在更激烈的食物競爭和巢穴競爭。這種環(huán)境下雄性挑選配偶，而雌性去競爭。因此絢麗羽毛在自然選擇上往兩個方向發(fā)展。The final effect the researchers found was that big spec

17、ies are more colourful than small ones.That is true of both sexes, and probably reflects the fact that bigger birds are more difficultprey and thus have less need to hide. When released from the threat of predation, then,females tend to be gaudier. That suggests gaudiness is always good when it can

18、be got awaywith (for even in a promiscuous species, pretty females are likely to be at an advantage tougly ones)and probably explains the decorated necks and heads of peahens, which are amongthe biggest of birds.研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)的最后一個結(jié)果是，體型大的物種比體型小的更鮮艷。雌性和雄性都符合這點(diǎn)，也反映了大型鳥不容易被捕殺故而不必隱藏的事實(shí)。一旦沒有天敵的威脅，雌性就變得更花哨。這表明在沒

19、有天敵威脅下，華麗點(diǎn)總是好的(即使在一個濫交的物種，漂亮的雌性比丑的可能更有優(yōu)勢)，也解釋了為何雌孔雀擁有艷麗的脖子和頭部，因?yàn)樗求w型最大的鳥類。Putting these results together, then, suggests that what is happening in the arena of sexualselection is as much to do with females as with males. Just as females are half the world, so theconventional explanation of the peaco

20、ck's tail, though not wrong, is only half the story.這些結(jié)果一起暗示了性選擇過程中雌性和雄性變化一樣多。就像雌性占世界的一半，孔雀尾巴的傳言雖然不是錯的，但只是故事的一半。1.show off 炫耀例句:All right, there's no need to show off.好了，沒必要炫耀。2.by no means 決不例句:This proposal is by no means a sure thing.這個提議絕不會理所當(dāng)然地獲得通過。3.likely to 可能例句:This is likely to rev

21、ive consumer spending and a whole raft of consumer industries.這可能會帶動消費(fèi)性支出和一大批消費(fèi)工業(yè)的復(fù)蘇。4.for example 例如例句:Aryl disulfides, for example, inhibit polyolefin oxidation.例如芳基二硫化物可抑制聚烯烴的氧化。2016考研英語閱讀題源經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人文章：美洲經(jīng)濟(jì)援助貧富皆為Free exchange自由交流For richer, for poorer貧富皆為One way or another, America's government wi

22、ll endup bailing out Puerto Rico無論如何，美洲政府都會出錢援助波多黎各IN DECEMBER, as a winter chill descends on thecontinental United States, temperatures in PuertoRico often reach 30°C. Palm trees sway alongside the Spanish colonial buildings in Old SanJuan; the blue Atlantic stretches to the horizon. Yet the e

23、conomic outlook for America'sCaribbean dependency is anything but sunny. Its government owes $72 billion in debt, which itsays it cannot repay. On December 1st the territory is supposed to makeand is almostcertain to missa $354m debt payment. And that is just the first of a series of repaymentst

24、hat add up to $1.4 billion (or nearly 1.5% of GDP) due in December and January.11月，美國大陸寒氣襲人，加勒比地區(qū)的屬地波多黎各卻是30°C。那兒的圣胡安老城留有西班牙殖民時期的建筑，街道兩旁的棕櫚樹來回?fù)u擺。還有蔚藍(lán)的大西洋，一眼望不到頭?？伤慕?jīng)濟(jì)前景并不明朗。政府欠債720億美元，還還不了。12月1日應(yīng)當(dāng)還款3.54億美元，這肯定是做不到的。12月和1月要還款14億美元，而3.54億美元的還款僅是第一步。Politicians in Washington are scrambling for a s

25、olution. The island's fiscal woes are in part theresult of chronically bad budgeting. But they also stem from structural economic weakness.Bailing out Puerto Rico, which is self-governing but not a state, is not a popular option. Yetwhen any corner of America faces a deterioration in its long-ru

26、n economic fortunes, the costswill end up being shared, one way or another.此時，華盛頓的政要們正在尋找對策。波多黎各遭遇了財(cái)政災(zāi)難，既因?yàn)殚L期以來預(yù)算糟糕，又因?yàn)榻Y(jié)構(gòu)性經(jīng)濟(jì)疲軟。這個島嶼雖然自治但未獨(dú)立。經(jīng)濟(jì)援助并不歡迎，但美洲只要有國家經(jīng)濟(jì)面臨下滑，人們就各種方法共同解決問題。For decades Puerto Rico, which is poorer than the mainland, enjoyed a special tax statusdesigned to encourage economic dev

27、elopment. From 1976 the income of some manufacturerswas exempt from both federal and local tax. Investment poured in, notably in pharmaceuticals.But in the 1990s the tax break fell victim to efforts to balance America's federal budget andwas phased out. When it came to an end in 2006, the island

28、 sank into a deep and protracteddepression. The economy has since shrunk by 14%. Employment is 12% below the peak of2006. As the economy has withered, obligations to creditors have loomed larger.波多黎各比美國大陸窮。幾十年來，為鼓勵經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，稅收狀況特殊。1976年以來，某些制造業(yè)免除了聯(lián)邦稅和地方稅。投資擁入，尤其是藥業(yè)。1990年代，人們努力平衡美洲聯(lián)邦財(cái)政，實(shí)行了減稅政策，結(jié)果失敗，并逐步停止。

29、2006年廢止時，經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)陷入大蕭條，曠日持久。自此，經(jīng)濟(jì)縮減14%，就業(yè)率12%，低于2006的最好時期。經(jīng)濟(jì)萎縮，債權(quán)人負(fù)擔(dān)加重。Many Puerto Ricans have not waited for a recovery. More than 200 move to the mainland everyday. Roughly 5m Americans of Puerto Rican descent live in the continental United States; 3.5mremain on the island. Its labour force has shrunk

30、 11% since 2009.波多黎各很多人都等不起復(fù)蘇。每天有200人流向美國大陸。將近有500萬波多黎各血統(tǒng)的美國人住在美國大陸;350萬人未走。2009年后，勞動力縮減11%。This migration to more prosperous places saps the Puerto Rican economy of potential, but itis precisely what economists think ought to happen when one region of a larger economy fallson hard times. At 5.7%, t

31、he unemployment rate in Detroit, a cash-strapped American city, isten percentage points below the level of six years ago, when the car industry was in crisis. Itwould be much higher but for the shrinkage of Detroit's labour force, which has contracted byabout 5% since 2009. Between 2000 and 2014

32、 about 90,000 Detroiters, or 2% of thepopulation, moved away. In much of America's industrial heartland, labour forces are shrinking.The migration of working-age adults away from struggling areas reduces joblessness. Thecountry as a whole benefits as labour is drawn toward places that are on the

33、 up.人口流向更加富庶的地區(qū)，破壞了本地經(jīng)濟(jì)的潛力。這就是大經(jīng)濟(jì)體中小區(qū)域落難時的情況，跟經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家想的一樣。美國城市底特律缺乏資金，失業(yè)率為5.7%，比6年前低10個百分點(diǎn)。但假如勞動力不萎縮，失業(yè)率還會更高。2009年后，萎縮近5%。2000 至2014年間，底特律約有9萬人(總?cè)丝诘?%)出走。美洲很多工業(yè)中心城市，勞動力都在縮減。適齡工作人口離開艱苦的地區(qū)，減輕了失業(yè)狀況?？傮w來看，波多黎各還是受益了，因?yàn)閯趧恿Χ剂飨蛄烁皇牡貐^(qū)。Migration reduces unemployment, but it cannot liberate struggling spots from a

34、ccruedobligationsmost notably pensions. Puerto Rico's biggest government-pension programme hassufficient funds to cover just 0.7% of future obligations. State pension pots are not in quitesuch bad shape, but massive liabilities still loom. In Illinois, where the labour force has shrunkby about 3

35、% since 2007, pensions are just 39% funded. Puerto Rico will not be the last localgovernment to run out of money.人口外流可以減少失業(yè)，但不能解放那些艱苦的地區(qū)，因?yàn)槟抢飩_高筑，主要是養(yǎng)老金方面。波多黎各養(yǎng)老計(jì)劃是最大的項(xiàng)目，有充足的資金，未來可以負(fù)擔(dān)0.7%。波多黎各養(yǎng)老金體系并不差勁，但巨大的債務(wù)還是令人擔(dān)憂。2007年后，伊利諾斯州勞動力縮減約3%，州出資的養(yǎng)老金只占39%。波多黎各不會成為把錢花光的最后一個地方政府。Perhaps for that reason, many

36、 politicians are adamant that the federal government shouldnever rescue insolvent localities. Detroit, for one, was left to write down its debts inbankruptcy court. Puerto Rico cannot do that. The law bars states and territories fromdeclaring bankruptcy, in order to deter profligate behaviour.That m

37、akes little sense whenredistribution among states is already enormous. Because America's tax system isprogressive, rich states contribute much more per person to the Treasury than poor ones.Alabama and West Virginia routinely receive more than $2 in federal spending for each dollarthey pay in fe

38、deral tax; New York and California receive less than $0.70 on the dollar. Most ofthe redistribution comes in the form of programmes like Social Security (the national pensionscheme) and Medicare (public health insurance for the elderly), for which average spending perperson is not that different fro

39、m one state to another.可能由于此，很多政要都堅(jiān)定認(rèn)為，聯(lián)邦政府不能求助破產(chǎn)的地方政府。底特律就是例子，當(dāng)時底特律在破產(chǎn)法院記錄下了自己的債務(wù)。波多黎各不能這樣，因?yàn)榉梢?guī)定，州和屬地不能宣布破產(chǎn)，就是為了避免揮霍。這就是說不通了，因?yàn)槊绹髦葜g分配差異巨大。較富裕的州上繳國庫，對個人的分配多于較貧窮的州。阿拉巴馬州和西弗吉尼亞州，每上繳聯(lián)邦稅收1美元，就會收到聯(lián)邦2美元多的返還。紐約和加利福尼亞返還卻不足0.7美元。重新分配多是以社會保障(國家養(yǎng)老金計(jì)劃)和醫(yī)保制度(老年人醫(yī)遼保險(xiǎn))的形式進(jìn)行，為的是對個人花費(fèi)州與州之間不能差異太大。During the financ

40、ial crisis these handouts to poorer regions became even more generous. Thefederal government stood behind all American banks and borrowed to finance infrastructurespending and increased unemployment benefits. It also took in less tax, offsetting some ofthe pain of the recession. Indeed, America'

41、s fiscal union is so good at absorbing shocks that itis often cited as a model for the more accident-prone euro zone.金融危機(jī)期間，貧困地區(qū)的援助更加大方。聯(lián)邦政府支持所有的美國銀行，讓他們放款去資助基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，增加失業(yè)救濟(jì)。同時，還減輕稅務(wù)，減輕因衰退產(chǎn)生的悲痛。其實(shí)，美國的財(cái)政同盟十分擅長吸收沖擊，都被事故多發(fā)的歐元區(qū)引為典范。In sickness and in health無論生病還是健康The administration of Barack Obama has re

42、leased a sensible plan to repair Puerto Rico'sfinances. It would allow indebted government agencies, such as the island's power company, todeclare bankruptcy, and would provide for a restructuring of other debts and pensionobligations. The federal government would also oversee the territory&

43、#39;s future public spending;as a sweetener, residents of the territory would gain full access to various anti-povertyschemes that are less generous there than on the mainland.奧巴馬執(zhí)政后，實(shí)施了一項(xiàng)明智的舉措，來修補(bǔ)波多黎各的財(cái)務(wù)。政府欠債的各種單位，比如能源公司可以允許破產(chǎn);還可以重組其它債務(wù)和養(yǎng)老金債務(wù);聯(lián)邦政府將會負(fù)責(zé)本地區(qū)的公共開支。讓地區(qū)居民嘗到甜頭的是，他們可以充分享受各種扶貧政策，當(dāng)然錢比美國大陸的要少。

44、If Congress spurns this plan, Puerto Rico's government will be forced to raise taxes to cripplinglevels and slash spending to pay its bills. That would hit the island's residents, 40% of whomlive below the poverty line, hard. It is difficult to imagine the federal government ignoring thehuma

45、nitarian crisis that would probably follow. In addition, emigration to the mainland wouldpresumably jump, initiating a vicious cycle whereby a shrinking tax base leads to rising taxesand curtailed services, prompting further emigration. As American citizens, the migrants willbe eligible for public s

46、upport of various kinds on the mainland. There is no question, in otherwords, that America will end up bearing much of the cost of Puerto Rico's past profligacy. Theonly question is how considered and efficient its assistance will be.假如國會通過此項(xiàng)決計(jì)，波多黎各政府將會被迫提高稅收，減少支出，來償還債務(wù)。這將會嚴(yán)重傷害島內(nèi)居民，其中40%生活在貧困線以下

47、。這也很難想象，聯(lián)邦政府會忽視隨之而來的人道主義危機(jī)。此外，移居美國大陸的人可能會更多，進(jìn)而開始惡性循環(huán)，因?yàn)槎惢s，導(dǎo)致稅收提高，服務(wù)縮減，又進(jìn)一步激發(fā)人口出走。波移民也是美國居民，在美國大陸有資格申請各種公共支持。換言之，毫無疑問，波多黎各曾經(jīng)肆意揮霍，最后需要美國共同承擔(dān)。問題的核心是援助的效率和成熟度。1.end up 結(jié)束例句:If you don't know what you want, you mightend up getting something you don't want.如果你不知道自己想要什么，到頭來你可能得非所愿。2.suppose to 假設(shè)

48、例句:You suppose to teach her how to crawl.你該教教她怎么爬啊。3.economic outlook 經(jīng)濟(jì)前景例句:The economic outlook is one of rising unemployment.展望未來的經(jīng)濟(jì)，失業(yè)率將會上升。4.design to 設(shè)計(jì)例句:So how can companies better use design to turn data dread into data delight?那么企業(yè)應(yīng)該如何更好地利用設(shè)計(jì)，使人們從“怕數(shù)據(jù)”變成“愛數(shù)據(jù)”呢?2016考研英語閱讀題源經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人文章：來自英國的威士忌Wh

49、isky威士忌Mine's an English我的來自英國Taking on one of the world's most powerful brands承擔(dān)一個世界上最強(qiáng)大的品牌WITH its lofty peaks, peaty water and the steadydrip of rain on heather, Bassenthwaite seems anideal place to make whisky. The nearest Scotchdistillery is just 60 miles away. But when the Lakes Distil

50、lery, which has just been given planningpermission, bottles its first casks of single malt in a few years' time, strict EU rules will make itsomething quite different. It might look like Scotch and taste like Scotch, but the dram will beEnglish.憑借著高聳的山峰、泥炭水和石楠花獲得的穩(wěn)定的降雨量，特湖似乎是一個生產(chǎn)威士忌的絕妙之地。最近的蘇格蘭釀

51、酒廠也只有60公里遠(yuǎn)。但是幾年后當(dāng)剛被授權(quán)的湖區(qū)釀酒廠把純麥芽威士忌進(jìn)行瓶裝時，嚴(yán)格的歐盟法規(guī)讓事情發(fā)生了變化。這些威士忌也許看起來和嘗起來像是蘇格蘭的，但是這一部分可能會更像英格蘭的?！癐t was a stroke of genius coining Scotch' for a drink that can be made successfullyanywhere,” says Andrew Nelstrop, a Norfolk farmer who in 2006 opened England's first newdistillery for more than a

52、century. With the help of a former Laphroaig distillera contributionmore crucial than any amount of peat or rainfallSt George's Distillery now sells its EnglishWhisky Company single malts to supermarkets in England, distributors overseas, and even inScotland. In December Adnams, a Suffolk brewer

53、, will bottle whisky that has been sitting incasks for three yearsthe time it takes for the European Union to recognise fermented cerealmash as whisky. The London Distillery Company in Battersea is soon to start barrelling a singlemalt aimed at young urbanites.來自諾?？丝さ霓r(nóng)民安德魯說到，“在勢必會暢銷的飲料瓶上印著蘇格蘭三個字的舉動真

54、是神來之筆”，他在2006年經(jīng)營著英格蘭的第一家釀酒廠，這個釀酒廠已經(jīng)有100多年的歷史了。得力于比任何泥炭和降水量更關(guān)鍵的拉弗格蒸餾器，圣喬治的釀酒廠現(xiàn)在把英國威士忌公司的純麥芽威士忌銷售到英格蘭超市、海外經(jīng)銷商、甚至到蘇格蘭。在11月，薩?？说钠【浦圃焐虂啴?dāng)那姆斯將對儲存在木桶有三年之久的威士忌進(jìn)行瓶裝，這三年正是等待歐盟認(rèn)可糖化發(fā)酵谷物為威士忌的過程。位于巴特西的倫敦釀酒公司將迅速開展對以年輕都市人為目標(biāo)市場的純麥芽威士忌進(jìn)行桶裝的工作。When that happens, England will have roughly the same number of whisky disti

55、lleries as it did inthe 19th century. The reasons they closed are murky: a scarcity of equipment as Scottishwhisky took off probably played a part. But the resurgence of English whisky is no mystery.Global demand is surging. In emerging economies it is the high-status tipple for aburgeoning middle c

56、lass. Growth is strong even in mature markets like America. Over the lastdecade exports of Scotch have risen by 87%, reaching 4.3 billion ($7 billion) in 2012.如果這種情況發(fā)生，英格蘭將基本擁有與19世紀(jì)同等數(shù)量的威士忌釀酒廠。當(dāng)年他們倒閉的原因至今仍不清楚：蘇格蘭缺少釀酒設(shè)備很可能是重要原因。但是威士忌的東山再起將是必然的全球需求量正在不斷上升.在經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展的時代，威士忌是為越來越多的中產(chǎn)階級所提供的高級飲酒。這個增長趨勢甚至出現(xiàn)在市

57、場相當(dāng)成熟的美國。過去十年來，蘇格蘭的出口量上升了87%，在2012年達(dá)到43億英鎊(70億美元)。Progress on free trade could drive sales much higher. In India, which drinks almost as muchwhisky as the rest of the world put together, tariffs of 150% have long put imported whiskybeyond most drinkers' reach. But with the EU hoping to win a tar

58、iff reduction under a free-trade agreement with the subcontinent, imbibers of cheap domestic brands such as Bagpiperand Antiquity may soon be able to enjoy whiskies made in, or close to, Scotland.自由貿(mào)易政策的進(jìn)步促成了更高的銷售量。在印度這個威士忌消耗量能和其他所有國家加起來媲美的國家，150%的關(guān)稅一度使大多數(shù)消費(fèi)者消費(fèi)不起進(jìn)口威士忌。但是隨著歐盟希望在這個次大陸贏得自由貿(mào)易協(xié)議下的關(guān)稅減讓，之前飲用國內(nèi)如風(fēng)笛手和古物這些廉價(jià)牌子的消費(fèi)者很快就可以享受來自蘇格蘭或蘇格蘭附件地區(qū)的威士忌。1.amount of 數(shù)量例句:The amount of people who actually work on atelevision show is pretty startling.為一檔電視節(jié)目效力的人多得令人吃驚。2.aim at 針對例句:Corresponding security countermeasures wereproposed aim at this result.并針對這一結(jié)果，提出相應(yīng)的安全對策措施。3.middle class 中