全國(guó)職稱英語(yǔ)理工類B級(jí)真題及答案解析

1、第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)（第115題，每題1分，共15分）下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。1.I can't put up with my neighbor's noise any longer，it'S driving me mad. A.tolerate B.generate C.reduce D.mensure 2.Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone. A.equal B.imme

2、diate C.moderate D.great 3.He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school. A.bright B.unclear C.general D.bad 4.I want to provide my boys with a decent education. A.special B.private C.general D.good 5.Sleep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people. A.picture B.dang

3、er C.evidence D.case 6.Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil. A.doubt B.relief C.failure D.confusion 7.Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment. A.love B.surprise C.anger D.doubt 8.Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day. A.energetic B.free C.physical

4、 D.regular 9.I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues. A.boring B.original C.humorous D.long 10.Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth. A.attract B.spend C.encourage D.require 11.He demolished my argument in minutes. A.supported B.disproved C.disputed D.ac

5、cepted 12.The two banks have announced plans to merge next year. A.close B.sell C.break D.combine 13.Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners. A.polite B.usual C.bad D.similar 14.The project required ten years of diligent research. A.hardworking B.social C.basic D.scientific 15.He was kept i

6、n appalling conditions in prison. A.necessary B.terrible C.critical D.normal 第2部分：閱讀判斷（第1622題，每題1分，共7分） 下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒(méi)有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C. California Gives Green Light to Space Solar Power Energy beamed down from space is one step closer to realit

7、y，now that California has given the green light to an agreement that would see the Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatt （兆瓦）of power beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in 2016.But some major chal lenges will have to be overcomed if the technology is to be used widely. A s

8、tart-up company called Solaren is designing the satellites，which it says will use radio waves to beam energy down to a receiving station on Earth. The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in eosynchronous（與地球同步的）orbit.Earth-based solar cells，by

9、 contrast，can only collect sun. Light during daytime and when skies are clear. But space-based solar power must grapple（努力克服）with the high cost per kilogram of launching things into space，says Richard Schwartz of Purdue University in West Lafayette，Indiana， "If you're talking about it being

10、 economically viable or power of the Earth，it's a tough go."he says. Cal Boerman，Solaren's director of energy services，says the company designed its satellites with a view to keeping launch costs down."We knew we had to come up with a different，revolu-tionary design，"he says.A

11、 patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the system'Sweight，including using inflatable minors to focus sunlight on solar cells，so a smaller number cancollect the same amount of energy. But using minors introduces other chaHenges，including keeping the solar cells from overhea-ting，say

12、s Schwartz."You have to take care of heat dissipation（散發(fā)）because you're now concen-trating a lot of energy in one place，"he says.According to the company's patent，Solaren's solarcells will be connected to radiators to help keep them cool. Though Boerman says the company believe

13、s it can make space-based solar power work，it is notexpecting to crowd out other forms of renewable energy.Laws in California and other states requireincreasing use of renewable energy in coming years，he points out."To meet those needs，we're go-ing to need all types of renewable energy sour

14、ces，"he says. 16.Solar-power satellites will use radio waves to beam energy down from space. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 17.Solaren is going to design 200 solar-power satellites. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 18.Space-based solar cells could collect solar power only when skies are clear.

15、A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 19.One advantage of space-based solar power system is that it is economical. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 20.Inflatable minors are used to reduce the space-based solar power system. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 21.Space-based solar power will rule out other form

16、s of renewable energy sources. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 22.Many countries will grant permission for the use of spaced-based solar power soon. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 第3部分：概括大意與完成句子（第2330題，每題1分，共8分） 下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)： （1）第2326題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2-5段每段選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題； （2）第2730題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

17、 Natural Gas 1 Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface.It is a fossil fuel （礦物質(zhì)燃料），meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of yearsago.The main component of natural gas is methane（甲烷）。 2 The popularity and use of clean natura

18、l gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as pipeline infrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential，commercial and industrial customers worldwide.Today，natural gas serviceis available in all 50 states in the U.S.，and is th

19、e leading energy choice for fueling Americanhomes and idustries.More than 65 million American homes use natural gas.In fact，natural gas isthe most economical source for home energy needs，costing one-third as much as electricity.In addi-tion to heating homes，much of the gas used in the United States

20、is used as a raw material to manu-facture a wide variety of products，from paint，to fibers for clothing，to plastics for heahhcare，con-puting and furnishings.Natural gas is also used in a significant number of new electricity-generating power plants. 3 Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fue

21、ls available.It emits less pollution than oth-er fossil fuel sources.When natural gas is burned，it produces mostly carbon dioxide（二氧化碳） and water vapor-the same substances emitted when humans exhale.Compared with some other fos-sil fuels，natural gas emits the least amount of carbon dioxide into the

22、air when combusted（燃燒）， making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of a11. 4 The United States consumes about one-third of the world'S natural gas output，making it the largest gas-consuming region in the world.The U.S.Department of Energy'S Energy Information Ad-ministration forecas

23、ts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025. 5 There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earth's surface.The largest reserves of natural gas can be found in Russia，West and North Africa and the Middle East.LNG（液化天然氣）has been produced domestically and imported in

24、 the United States for more than four decades. Today，the leading importes of LNG are Japan，Korea，F(xiàn)rance and Spain. 23.Paragraph 2_. 24.Paragraph 3_. 25.Paragraph 4_. 26.Paragraph 5_. A.Popularity and use of natural gas B.Natural gas reserves and supply C.Natural gas prices D.Clean fuel of choice E.D

25、isadvantages of natural gas F.Natural gas consumption 27.Natural gas is stored deep_. 28.Natural gas is recognized as the most economical energy source_. 29.When manufacturing many products，people commonly use natural gas_. 30.It is estimated that by 2025 that natural gas demand in the United States

26、 will increase_. A.over the past 50 years B.beneath the earth surface C.by more than 50 percent D.for more than four decades E.as a raw material F.for home energy needs 第4部分：閱讀理解（第3l45題，每題3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。 第一篇 How the First Stars in the Universe Came into Existence How

27、the first stars formed from this dust and gas has been a burning question for years，but a state-of-the-art computer simulation now offers the most detailed picture yet of how these first stars in the universe came into existence，researchers say. The composition of the early universe was quite differ

28、ent from that of today，and the physics that governed the early universe were also somewhat simpler.Dr.Naoki Yoshida and colleagues in Japan and the U.S.incorporated these conditions of the early universe，sometimes referred to as the "cosmic dark ages，"to simulate the formation of an astron

29、omical object that would eventually shine its light into this darkness. The result is a detailed description of the formation of a protostar-the early stage of a massive primordial star of our universe，and the researchers'computer simulation，which has been called a "cosmic Rosetta Stone.&qu

30、ot;sets the bar for further investigation into the star formation process.The question of how the first stars evolved is so important because their formations and eventual explo-sions provided the seeds for subsequent stars to come into being. According to their simulation，gravity acted on minute de

31、nsity variations in matter，gases，and the mysterious"dark matter''of the universe after the Big Bang in order to form this early stage of a star-a protostar with a mass of just one percent of our sun.The simulation reveals how pre-stellar gases would have actually evolved under the simpl

32、er physics of the early universe to form this protostar. Dr.Yoshida's simulation also shows that the protostar would likely evolve into a massive star capableof synthesizing heavy elements，not just in later generations of stars，but soon after the Big Bang. "This geneal picture of star forma

33、tion，and the ability to compare how stellar objects form in different time periods and regions of the universe，will eventually allow investigation into the originsof life and planets，"said Lars Hernquist，a Professor of Astronomy at Harvard University and a coauthor of this latest report."T

34、he abundance of elements in the universe has increased as stars haveaccumulated，"he says，"and the formation and destruction of stars continues to spread these ele. ments further across the universe.So when you think about it.a11 of the elements in our bodies originally formed from nuclear

35、reactions in the centers of stars，long ago." Their simulation of the birth of a protostar in the early universe signifies a key step toward theambitious goal of piecing together the formation of an entire primordial star and of predicting the massand properties of these first stars of the unive

36、rse.More powerful computers，more physical data，andan even larger range will be needed for further calculations and simulations，but these researchers hope to eventually extend this simulation to the point of nuclear reaction in.itiation-when a stellar ob. ject becomes a true star. "Dr.Yoshida ha

37、s taken the study of primordial star formation to a new level with this simulation，but it still gets us only to the halfway point towards our final goal.It is like laying the foundation of a skyscraper，"said Volker Bromm，Assistant Professor of Astronomy at the University of Tex. as，Austin and t

38、he author of a companion article."We must continue our studies in this area to un-derstand how the initially tiny protostar grows，layer by layer，to eventually form a massive star.Buthere，the physics become much more complicated and even more computational resources are needed." 31.Accordin

39、g to the first two paragraphs，the early universe_. A.was governed by simpler physics B.got fewer stars shinning in it C.started over 13 billion years ago D.was composed in a way similar to that of today 32.What can the state-of-the. art computer simulation tell us about？ A. How the Big Bang occurred

40、 about 13 billion years ago. B. How "cosmicdark ages” came into existence. C. How dust grains and gases were formed after the Big Bang. D. How the first stars canle into being after the Big Bang. 33.What does the"astronomical object"in paragraph 2 refer to？ A.cosmic dark ages. B.dust

41、grains and gases. C.a protostar. D.the early universe. 34.According to paragraph 4，what is NOT true about a protostar？ A.It developed into a massive star during the Big Bang. B.It evolved from pre-stellar gases. C.It was able to integrate heavy elements when evolving into a massive star. D.It had a

42、mass of one percent of the sun. 35.According to the last paragraph，all of the following are goals of the simulation project EXCEPT A.to know more about the mass and properties of the first stars of the universe B.to simulate the process of how the early universe began C.to apply the simulation to th

43、e study of nuclear reaction initiation D.to discover the truth about the formation of a protostar 第二篇 The Iceman On a September，day in 1991，two Germans were climbing the mountain between Austra and Ita. 1y.High up on a mountain pass，they found the body of a man lying on the ice.At that height （10，49

44、9 feet，or 3，200 meters），the ice is usually permanent，but 1991 had been an especially warm year.The mountain ice had melted more than iust usual and so the body had come to the surface.It was lying face downward.The skeleton（骨架）was in perfect condition except a wound on the head.remains of some cloth

45、es.The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots.Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark （樹皮）and a holder for arrows. Who was the man？How and when had he died？Everybody had a different answer to these questions.Some peopl

46、e thought that it was from this century，perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I，since several soldiers had already been found in this area.A Swiss woman who believed it might be her father，who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found.The scien

47、tists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older，maybe even a thousand years old. With modem dating techniques，the scientists soon learned that the iceman was about 5，300 years old.Born in about 3300 B.C.，he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe.At first scientists thought he

48、was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains.More recent evidence，however，tells a different story.A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder.It left only a tiny hole in his skin，but it caused internal damage and bleeding.He almost certainly died f

49、rom this wound，and not from the wound oil the back of his head.This means that he was probably in some kind of battle.It may have been part oi a large war，or he may have beenfightiing bandits.He may even have been a bandit himself. By studying his clothes and tools，scientists have already learned a

50、great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in.we may never know the full story of how he died，but he has given usimportant clues to the history of those distant times. 36.The body of the iceman was found in the mountains mainly because_. A.he was lying on the ice B.two Germans were climbing

51、 mountains C.the melted ice made him visible D.he was just on a mountain pass 37.What can be inferred from paragraph 2？ A.The iceman was killed while working. B.The iceman could have died from the wound in the head. C.The iceman lived a poor life. D.The iceman was struck dead from behind. 38.All the

52、 following are assumptions once made about iceman EXCEPT_. A.he was a soldier in World War I B.he came from Italy C.he was a Swiss woman's long-lost father D.He was born about a thousand years ago 39.The scientists made the deduction that the iceman_. A.was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead B.

53、was probably in some kind of a battle C.had got a wound on the back of his head D.has a tiny hole in his skin causing his death. 40.The word"bandits"in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by_. A.robbers B.soldiers C hunters D.shooters 第三篇 Scientists Make Sweet Discovering Good news for choc

54、oholics：the treat preferred by millions all over the world is good for you， according to American researchers at the University of California.Chocolate contains substancescalled flavonoids that can help maintain a healthy heart and good circulation.The researchers havediscovered that cocoa acts like

55、 aspirin and that eating a bar of chocolate has also been shown to release endorphins in the body：these chemicals help to reduce pain and stress and make you feel happy. The Olmec Indians of Mexico and Central America were the first to grow cocoa beans，in about1500 BC，and the Mayas were drinking uns

56、weetened coca hundreds of years before it became fashionable in Europe. In 1544，a delegation of Mayan nobles visited Philip of Spain and gave him jars of cocoa as a gift.Cocoa soon became fashionable in Spain and Portugal.The Spanish were the first to add sugarto their cocoa drink. By the middle of

57、the century，solid chocolate was becoming familiar.In 1765，James Baker and John Hanan opened the first chocolate mill in the United States，introducing chocolate to the average citizen.In 1896，in Switzerland，Daniel Peter had the idea of adding milk in the chocolate-making process and produced the first milk chocolate. Since then，chocolate has grown enormously in popularity.One of the