02考研英語(yǔ)二歷年真題及答案

1、2002 Directions：Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEETSince 1981，farmers in Holland have been encouraged to adopt“green”farming techniques that were thought to benefit plant and bird lifeFarmers who have voluntarily adopted these measures are compen

2、sated by the European UnionThe goal of the program is to work against the negative effects of modem fanning，such as declines in species diversity and the disturbance of local nesting groundsThe“green”methods of farming cost the European Union about 1.7 billion Euros annuallyThis is about 4 percent o

3、f the budget for“Common Agricultural Policy,”and the compensation is expected to rise to 10 percent within the next few years Various forms of“green farming”employed around the world have proved successful, and all new methods thought to be environmentally sensitive should be subject to sound scient

4、ific evaluation to determine whether they are actually meeting the intended goalsPart V Writing(30 minutes，15 points)Directions：You are to write in no less than 120 words about the title“What I Consider Important in Life”Your composition should be based on the Chinese outline given below1人生有不同的目標(biāo)：富有

5、、名氣、地位、幸福的家庭等2其中我認(rèn)為重要的是；理由是3結(jié)論2003 Paper TwoPart V Translation (30 minutes, 15 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.The generation gap is so great in Hong Kong that the teenagers there rarely turn to their parents or teachers fo

6、r advice on anything. Whether it be sex, AIDS, school worries or family problems, adults are not considered up to the job.Until now, no one has asked Hong Kong youth, “What do you think?” Some understanding of the emotions of Hong Kongs youth, however, has come from the work of Dr. Jeffrey Dayat the

7、 University of Hong Kong. His survey of young people does not focus, for example, on how many drugs they take-but tries to answer the question why.Dr. Day hopes the results, which he plans to explain in full next week, will reveal what troublesas well as pleasestodays high-school students. Conclusio

8、ns will be passed on not only to government departments but back to the schools which took part. Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)Directions: You are to write in no less than 120 words about the title “Lifelong Learning”. You should base your composition on the Chinese outline given below:1. 終

9、身學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)每個(gè)人的重要性。2. 終身學(xué)習(xí)的方式有多種3. 你認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該采取哪種方式， 為什么？2004 Paper TwoPart V Translation (3 0 minutes，l 5 points)Directions：Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEETOne of the really nice features about e-mails is that they allow us to send files as attachments

10、to other usersThis is a very good thingIf Im working with a colleague and want to send him an image file or a word file，I can do so very quickly and easily，without having to fax it to himThis saves on long distance bills and printing costsIt also，however，presents a problem，because attachments can ta

11、ke a long time to downloadFor those of us who pay by the hour for Internet service，unwanted attachments can be quite costly and time-consumingI once had someone send me fifteen large image files，and it tied up my computer for 20 minutes just to download one of themSo，in short，if youre going to send

12、an attachment，get permission firstPart VI Writing (30 minutes，15 points)Directions：You are to write in no less than 120 words on the title of “College Students Should (Not)Be Permitted to Live Off Campus”You are to take a position, either for or against the matter, and give your reasonsYou should ba

13、se your composition on the following Chinese outline近年來(lái)大學(xué)生在校外租房居住的現(xiàn)象越來(lái)越多，這個(gè)問(wèn)題已引起社會(huì)各界的關(guān)注。人們對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象的看法不一，各持己見(jiàn)。1你對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的觀點(diǎn)是2理由是3結(jié)論2006Part V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points) Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translationon the ANSWER SHEET. Each year in the United Sta

14、tes more people are killed or injured in accidents-athome, at work or school, at play, or while traveling-than were killed or injured in theVietnam war. In the early 1990s. about half of these accidental deaths were the resultof motor-vehicle accidents. Other major causes of accidental deaths were f

15、alls, fires,and poisoning. On a worldwide basis, accidents involving motor vehicles are theprimary cause of accidental deaths, followed by accidents in industry and in the home. Efforts to lessen or to eliminate the hazardous conditions that cause accidents areknown as safely measures. Safety is a g

16、rowing concern around the world, and safetyskills are being taken more seriously today than ever before. People have come torealize that safety skills can be learned, and most safety experts agree that it is possibleto predict, and take steps to prevent, the majority of accidents. Few accidents simp

17、ly"happen". Most are caused by ignorance, carelessness, neglect, or lack of skill.Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points) Directions: You are to write in no less than 120 words about the topic "On theSignificance of the Qing-Zang Railroad". Your composition should be based on the

18、Chinese clues given below. 青藏鐵路于今年7月1日通車。請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)單地談?wù)勄嗖罔F路建成和通車的重大意義，如經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、旅游等方面。注：西藏：Tibet；西藏的、西藏人、藏語(yǔ)：Tibetan2007Part V Translation (30 minutes,10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. Getting a proper amount of rest is absolutely es

19、sential for building your energy resources. If you frequently work far into the night or have a poor sleep, it stands to reason that you may start to feel a little run down. Though everybody is different, most people need at least seven to eight hours of sleep per night in order to function at their

20、 best. If you have been lacking energy, try going to bed earlier at night. If you can wake up feeling well-rested, it will be an indication that you are starting to get an appropriate amount of sleep at night. If you sleep more than eight hours every night but still don't feel energetic, you may

21、 actually be getting too much sleep. Once in while, you are bound to have nights where you don't get an adequate amount of sleep. When your schedule permits you can also consider taking a short sleep during the day, for sometimes taking a nap is the perfect way to recharge your batteries.Part Wr

22、iting (30 minutes,15 points)Directions: You are to write in no less than 120 words on the topic” Entering College: Help the Needy Youngsters to Achieve Their Dreams'. Your composition should be based on the Chinese clues given below. 中央電視臺(tái)“圓夢(mèng)行動(dòng)”的公益節(jié)目旨在動(dòng)員社會(huì)力量捐助貧困學(xué)子圓大學(xué)之夢(mèng)。你的作文可以： 1)對(duì)貧困學(xué)于是否應(yīng)受到捐助發(fā)表你的

23、看法;或者2)舉一個(gè)貧困學(xué)子需要幫助的例子。Part IV Translation(35 minutes，15 points)第一句：Since 1981，farmers in Holland have been encouraged to adopt“green”farming techniques that were thought to benefit plant and bird life譯文：自1981年以來(lái)，荷蘭農(nóng)民受鼓勵(lì)一直采用那些認(rèn)為是有利于植物和鳥(niǎo)類的“綠色”耕種技術(shù)。注：1 本句句子結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，考生應(yīng)該在認(rèn)真分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行翻譯。主語(yǔ)是“farmers”，謂語(yǔ)部分使

24、用的被動(dòng)形式而且時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)“have been encouraged”。后面的不定式to引導(dǎo)的都是主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。其中“that”引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞“techniques”。2 在翻譯本句時(shí)，切不可采用一字一句翻譯。而是要根據(jù)中文的行文規(guī)范調(diào)整語(yǔ)序。而且要注意到中文和英文各自得語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)。英文中多使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而中文中多使用主動(dòng)形式。所以本句中兩處被動(dòng)形式應(yīng)該適當(dāng)改變。第二句：The goal of the program is to work against the negative effects of modem farming, 譯文：該項(xiàng)目的目的是消除現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)所帶來(lái)的負(fù)面

25、影響，注：1 本句中不定式短語(yǔ)做表語(yǔ)。2介詞“against”在這兒不要直譯為“反對(duì)”，而是根據(jù)句子意思譯為“消除”。第三句：Various forms of “green farming”employed around the world have proved successful, and all new methods thought to be environmentally sensitive should be subject to sound scientific evaluation to determine whether they are actually meeting

26、 the intended goals譯文：世界各地采用的各種形式的“綠色耕種”已證明是成功的。所有被認(rèn)為對(duì)環(huán)境有影響的新方法都應(yīng)該接受科學(xué)評(píng)估，以確定它們是否真正達(dá)到了預(yù)期日標(biāo)。注：1“and”連接的兩個(gè)并列句。前一個(gè)句子中注意有一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)“employed around the world”做后置定語(yǔ)。后一個(gè)句子同樣也有一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)“thought to be environmentally sensitive”做后置定語(yǔ)。注意翻譯時(shí)，應(yīng)把這兩個(gè)后置定語(yǔ)翻譯到主語(yǔ)的前面。 2be subject to本意為“受支配, 從屬于, 可以的, 常遭受”，在這兒應(yīng)該轉(zhuǎn)譯為“接受”。200

27、3年試題參考答案及解析Part V Translation在香港，代溝的問(wèn)題很嚴(yán)重，十幾歲的孩子很少向父母或老師征詢意見(jiàn)。不管是性、艾滋病、學(xué)校中遇到的麻煩，還是家庭問(wèn)題，他們都認(rèn)為大人們是幫不上任何忙的。迄今為止，沒(méi)人問(wèn)過(guò)香港的年輕人：“你在想什么？”然而，香港大學(xué)的杰弗里·戴博士所做的研究使我們對(duì)香港年輕人的情感有了一些了解。他對(duì)年輕人的調(diào)查，重點(diǎn)不是問(wèn)他們服用多少種毒品之類的問(wèn)題，而是試圖找到其中緣由。戴博士計(jì)劃在下周全面解釋研究的結(jié)果。他希望研究能揭示當(dāng)今高中學(xué)生的喜和憂。研究結(jié)論不僅將送呈政府部門(mén)，也將通報(bào)參加這項(xiàng)調(diào)查的學(xué)校。Part VI Writing In today

28、s society, life-long learning has become very important for everyone. This is because one needs to renew his knowledge continuously in order to meet the needs of his work and fast development of the society.There are several ways for one to take a life-long learning. One way is to take a part-time e

29、ducation program. It means that one is learning part time while he is working. The program could be at undergraduate level or graduate level. The second way is to study by oneself. You can learn whatever you need for your work on your own. You can learn from books, from TV programs or from Internet

30、or radio.In my opinion, life-long learning is necessary for us. We should choose one of the ways mentioned above, which depends on your own personal preference and interest. I prefer the first one because this kind of learning is systematic and formal. With the help of the teachers, it is easier to

31、learn and quicker to get what you need for your work.Part V Translation第一句：The generation gap is so great in Hong Kong that the teenagers there rarely turn to their parents or teachers for advice on anything.譯文：在香港，代溝的問(wèn)題很嚴(yán)重，以至于十幾歲的孩子很少向父母或老師征詢意見(jiàn)。注：1本句中包含一個(gè)sothat句型，意為“如此以至于”。2generation gap 代溝；turn t

32、o 求助于。第二句：Whether it be sex, AIDS, school worries or family problems, adults are not considered up to the job.譯文：不管是性、艾滋病、學(xué)校中遇到的麻煩，還是家庭問(wèn)題，他們認(rèn)為大人們都幫不上忙。注：1whether引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“無(wú)論，不管”。2注意要將主句adults are not considered up to the job中的被動(dòng)變主動(dòng)。3注意不要將the job直譯為這項(xiàng)工作。第三句：Until now, no one has asked Hong Kong yout

33、h, “What do you think?”譯文：迄今為止，沒(méi)人問(wèn)過(guò)香港的年輕人：“你在想什么？”注：until now 迄今為止第四句：Some understanding of the emotions of Hong Kongs youth, however, has come from the work of Dr. Jeffrey Dayat the University of Hong Kong.譯文：然而，香港大學(xué)的杰弗里·戴博士所做的研究使我們對(duì)香港年輕人的情感有了一些了解。注：1前先要理解come from含義：來(lái)自于。2注意本句語(yǔ)序的調(diào)整。為符合漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣，必

34、須將原句的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)調(diào)換位置。3however是插入語(yǔ)，翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)提到句子最前面。第五句：His survey of young people does not focus, for example, on how many drugs they takebut tries to answer the question why.譯文：他對(duì)年輕人的調(diào)查，重點(diǎn)不是問(wèn)他們服用多少種毒品之類的問(wèn)題，而是試圖找到其中緣由。注：1注意notbut結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“不是而是”。2注意for example的翻譯。本句是在句中的一個(gè)例子，如果譯為“例如”句子就不太通順，因此應(yīng)譯為“之類的問(wèn)題”更為恰當(dāng)。3注意answ

35、er the question why的翻譯。這里應(yīng)采用意譯較好，譯為“找到其中的緣由”。4focus on 集中，重點(diǎn)是；take drugs 服用毒品(注意不要譯為吃藥)第六句：Dr. Day hopes the results, which he plans to explain in full next week, will reveal what troublesas well as pleasestodays high-school students. 譯文：戴博士計(jì)劃在下周全面解釋研究的結(jié)果，他希望研究能揭示當(dāng)今高中學(xué)生的喜和憂。注：1首先分析一下句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主干為：主語(yǔ)(Dr.

36、Day)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(hopes)+賓語(yǔ)從句；賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)后面接了一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句；該賓語(yǔ)從句中的賓語(yǔ)又是what引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。2從整體上看，本句應(yīng)采用分譯法。先譯定語(yǔ)從句，再譯其它。3注意what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的翻譯。首先, as well as連接并列成分；其次，注意將動(dòng)詞trouble和please轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞。第七句：Conclusions will be passed on not only to government departments but back to the schools which took part. 譯文：研究結(jié)論不僅將送呈政府部門(mén)，也

37、將通報(bào)參加這項(xiàng)調(diào)查的學(xué)校。注：1注意not onlybut also連接并列成份。2要適當(dāng)運(yùn)用增詞法。Conclusions應(yīng)譯為“研究結(jié)論”；the schools which took part后面省略了in the survey，翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)將其補(bǔ)充完整，即譯為“參加這項(xiàng)調(diào)查的學(xué)校”。Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)（略）2004年試題參考答案及解析Part V Translation電子郵件真正的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一就在于它允許我們以附件的形式給其他的用戶發(fā)送文件，這一點(diǎn)非常好。比如，我和一個(gè)同事一起工作的時(shí)候，我想發(fā)一份圖象文件或是文字文件給他，通過(guò)電子

38、郵件就可以很方便很快捷地 搞定，而不必使用傳真。這就節(jié)省了長(zhǎng)途費(fèi)用和打印成本。但是，電子郵件也會(huì)帶來(lái)問(wèn)題。因?yàn)楦郊南螺d可能需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。對(duì)于我們這些按小時(shí)支付網(wǎng)費(fèi)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，多余的附件可能是相當(dāng)耗費(fèi)時(shí)間和金錢(qián)的。我曾經(jīng)接收過(guò)15個(gè)大的圖片文件。我的電腦竟用了20分鐘才載下來(lái)一個(gè)圖片。所以，簡(jiǎn)言之，如果你要發(fā)附件給別人的話，事先一定要爭(zhēng)得對(duì)方的許可。Part VI Writing (30 minutes，15 points)In recent years, the number of college students who live off campus has been increasing

39、, which attracts the widespread attention in the whole society. As to this special phenomenon, different people have different opinions. As a person who was a student, I think this behavior should be banned. My reasons are as follows:The first and the most important one is that living off campus is

40、not beneficial to study. Being college students, young people should spare no effort to study hard to broaden their horizons. Living off campus means they are away from classroom, library and laboratory. So it may bring much more trouble to them. Second, when college students live off campus they wi

41、ll be estranged from their classmates, which is harmful to their ability to communicate with others. Thus, majority of them dont have good friends so that they are easy to feel lonely and unhappy. Third, their living off campus will put a financial burden on their family and themselves. In general,

42、college students are still financed by their family. If they want to live off campus, they have to ask more money from their family and make money in their spare time. It is a heavy burden they have to shoulder.In a word, I dont approve of college students living off campus. It will disturb the stud

43、ents normal life. Therefore colleges should establish rules to ban college students living off campus.Part V Translation (3 0 minutes，l 5 points)第一句：One of the really nice features about e-mails is that they allow us to send files as attachments to other users 譯文：電子郵件真正的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一就在于它允許我們以附件的形式給其他的用戶發(fā)送文件，

44、這一點(diǎn)非常好。注：1首先注意結(jié)構(gòu)：句中包含一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。2注意nice features不要直譯為好的特點(diǎn)，應(yīng)譯成優(yōu)點(diǎn)。3注意as attachments 應(yīng)譯為以附件的形式。第二句：This is a very good thing譯文：這一點(diǎn)非常好。注：注意運(yùn)用詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換：a very good thing可譯為非常好，而不是一件非常好的事情。第三句：If Im working with a colleague and want to send him an image file or a word file，I can do so very quickly and easi

45、ly，without having to fax it to him譯文：比如，我和一個(gè)同事一起工作的時(shí)候，我想發(fā)一份圖象文件或是文字文件給他，通過(guò)電子郵件就可以很方便很快捷地搞定，而不必使用傳真。注：1首先搞清句子結(jié)構(gòu)。主句是“I can do so very quickly and easily”, 前面是一個(gè)if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，另外后面還包含一個(gè)without引出的介詞短語(yǔ)做伴隨狀語(yǔ)。2條件句中包含一個(gè)and連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)，可直接分譯，無(wú)須將and譯出；另外并列結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)可根據(jù)具體情況處理成主從句，比如本句的前半部分就可譯成時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。3注意適當(dāng)增減詞語(yǔ)。減詞：（1）send hi

46、m an image file or a word file中后面的不定冠詞可省去不譯；(2）I can do so中的主語(yǔ)I 可省去不譯；(3）fax it to him中的it to him均可省去不譯。增詞：翻譯I can do so very quickly and easily一句時(shí)，根據(jù)上下文必須將“通過(guò)電子郵件”補(bǔ)充出來(lái)，否則句意表達(dá)不清。4注意do so 是對(duì)前面發(fā)送文件的替換，這里可直接譯成搞定或完成。第四句：This saves on long distance bills and printing costs譯文：這就節(jié)省了長(zhǎng)途費(fèi)用和打印成本。注：注意on long di

47、stance bills不要直譯成長(zhǎng)途帳單，應(yīng)譯為長(zhǎng)途費(fèi)用。第五句：It also，however，presents a problem，because attachments can take a long time to download譯文：但是，電子郵件也會(huì)帶來(lái)問(wèn)題，因?yàn)楦郊南螺d可能需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。注：1首先注意however應(yīng)提到句首來(lái)譯。2注意要將代詞it轉(zhuǎn)譯成它所代替的名詞，即：電子郵件。3注意語(yǔ)序的適當(dāng)調(diào)整：attachments can take a long time to download中to download翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)提到主語(yǔ)位置。第六句：For those of us

48、 who pay by the hour for Internet service，unwanted attachments can be quite costly and time-consuming譯文：對(duì)于我們這些按小時(shí)支付網(wǎng)費(fèi)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，多余的附件可能是相當(dāng)耗費(fèi)時(shí)間和金錢(qián)的。注：1首先注意those of us 后定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯：應(yīng)將其譯到所修飾詞的前面；另外pay by the hour是表示按小時(shí)付費(fèi)。2注意costly and time-consuming應(yīng)譯為：耗費(fèi)時(shí)間和金錢(qián)。第七句：I once had someone send me fifteen large image f

49、iles，and it tied up my computer for 20 minutes just to download one of them譯文：我曾經(jīng)接收過(guò)15個(gè)大的圖片文件，我的電腦用了20分鐘，居然才載下來(lái)一個(gè)圖片。注：1had someone send me表示“讓某人發(fā)送給我”，可轉(zhuǎn)譯為“我曾經(jīng)接收過(guò)”。2it tied up my computer for 20 minutes注意不要直譯成“束縛了我的電腦20分鐘”，直接譯成“我的電腦用了20分鐘”即可。3注意just（或only）to do 表示結(jié)果。4one of them代詞應(yīng)譯成它所代替的相應(yīng)的名詞，即：一個(gè)圖片

50、。第八句：So，in short，if youre going to send an attachment，get permission first譯文：所以，簡(jiǎn)言之，如果你要發(fā)附件給別人的話，事先一定要爭(zhēng)得對(duì)方的許可。注：1in short意為“簡(jiǎn)而言之”。2注意適當(dāng)增詞：如果你要發(fā)附件（給別人）的話，事先（一定）要爭(zhēng)得（對(duì)方的）許可，括號(hào)中的詞如略去的話，句子的表達(dá)就會(huì)顯得不夠完整。Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)（略）2006年在職攻讀MBA碩士學(xué)位研究生全國(guó)聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題參考答案Part V Translation (30 minutes,

51、10 points)在美國(guó)，每年因家庭、工作、學(xué)校、玩樂(lè)或旅行中的意外事故而傷或亡的人數(shù)比越戰(zhàn)中的傷亡人數(shù)都多。二十世紀(jì)九十年代初期，約一半左右的意外死亡是汽車事故造成的的，此外，摔死、火災(zāi)和中毒也是主要原因。在世界范圍內(nèi)看，汽車造成的事故是意外死亡的首要根源，緊隨其后的工業(yè)事故和家庭中的意外死亡。為減少或消除產(chǎn)生意外事故的危險(xiǎn)而付出的努力稱之之為安全措施。安全在全世界越來(lái)越受關(guān)注，安全技能正得到前所未有的重視。人們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到，安全技能是可學(xué)的，大多數(shù)安全專家也一致認(rèn)為，絕大部分意外事故是可預(yù)測(cè)的，也能采取措施加以避免。只有為數(shù)不多的意外事故是自己發(fā)生的，大多數(shù)則是愚昧、粗心、懈怠或缺乏技能帶

52、來(lái)的后果。Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points) It is in Qinghai on July 1 that the Qing-Zang Railroad was completed and open to traffic officially. And in the same day, our President Hu Jingtao cut the ribbon personally at the opening ceremony. This great event made every Chinese all over the world ex

53、tremely cheerful. As a main artery to Tibet and western regions, the Qing-Zhang Railroad is of great significance to China and Chinese people. Undoubtedly the significance of the Qing-Zang Railroad can be clearly seen not only in economy and culture but also in tourism. To begin with, the Qing-Zang

54、Railroad will drive the economic development of the western part of China and attract more and more investors to invest in these areas. In addition, the Qing-Zang Railroad will foster the cultural and tourist development of Qinghai and Tibet. An increasing number of people from all over the world wi

55、ll come to Tibet and Qinghai for traveling, which will provide a good chance for the people in the world to know Tibet and Qinghai. As shown in our previous discussion, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that the Qing-Zang Railroad will bring China historic and realistic significance. Of course, we should not neglect the environmental and ecological protection while making full use of the Qing-Zang Railroad. ( 211 ) 2007年在職英語(yǔ)答案PartTranslation 參考譯文獲得適量的休息對(duì)于積聚你的體能而言是絕對(duì)必要的如果你經(jīng)常工作到深夜或者睡眠不佳，那說(shuō)明你可能開(kāi)始感到有點(diǎn)疲乏。盡管因