國家開放大學(xué)電大《高級英語閱讀(1)》《機電控制工程基礎(chǔ)》網(wǎng)絡(luò)課形考網(wǎng)考作業(yè)(合集)答案2

1、(精華版)國家開放大學(xué)電大高級英語閱讀(1)機電控制工程基礎(chǔ)網(wǎng)絡(luò)課形考網(wǎng)考作業(yè)(合集)答案 高級英語閱讀(1)網(wǎng)絡(luò)課答案形考任務(wù)一(70分)Chapter 1Exercise (分值 7 分)題目1I. Vocabulary skills (3 points)Look at the columns below. Match each vocabulary word on the right with the correct definition on the left.(0.5 points each)1. the bus or subway2. proof of completion of

2、courses of students3. money for students from scholarships, grants, or loans4. formal talks by professors or instructors on subjects of study5. courses by video, video conferencing, or computers to students in different places6. the points or grade a student gets on a testpublic transportation certi

3、ficates and degrees financial aidacademic lectures distance learningscore答案：1. the bus dr subway2. proof of completion of courses of students3. money for students from scholarships, grants, or loans4. formal talks by professors or instructors on subjects of study5. courses by video, video conferenci

4、ng, or computers to students in different places6. the points or grade a student gets on a testIL Reading Comprehension (4 points)Read the passages, then answer the questions that follow. (1 point each )Experiencing Culture ShockA When Eliza James arrived at the University of Xian, she was excited t

5、o live in a new country, to improve her Chinese, and to experience a culture so different from her own. But soon her excitement turned to frustration as she encountered one roadblock after another. I felt like I couldn，t accomplish anything.My dorm room had no heat, I couldn，t get into the classes I

6、 wanted, and every time I asked someone for help they gave me the runaround. I felt like no one was listening to me. " Eliza met with administrators, sent letters of complaint, and even contacted the consulate in Beijing, but she got nowhere. What Eliza didn't realize was that her American

7、approach to solving problems was very different from the Chinese one in which patience and negotiation skills are key. She soon learned how to solve problems within the cultural norms of Chinese society instead of forcing her own values onto those around her. "I finally feel like I fit in and t

8、hat I know what I'm doing. In fact, it's really fun being in a place that's so incredibly different from what I am accustomed to."B Yoshi Yamamoto is a junior at a small college outside of Boston. Although he is an honors student now, Yoshi didn，t always have such an easy time study

9、ing in America. "Teaching methods are very different here than they are in Japan. It took me a long time to get used to learning in seminars and discussing ideas with my classmates. At first it seemed like I wasn't actually learning anything./z Yoshi，s reaction was to totally withdraw: he d

10、idn，t participate in class discussion; he spent lots of time alone in his room, and he even skipped class on occasion. I thought I could teach myself. Now I recognize the value of the U.S. academic system, and I am able to adapt it to my own learning style. C Both Eliza and Yoshi experienced what is

11、 called culture shock: psychological disorientation due to living in a new culture. For many international students, studying abroad can offer exposure to new cultures and an opportunity to study new fields and languages. However, it also offers the greater challenge of trying to function in a forei

12、gn culture. Studying and reading about a certain culture is poor preparation for the reality of living in it. According to psychological studies, the four stages of culture shock are 1. euphoria,2. hostility, 3. gradual adjustment, and 4. adaptation. Culture shock can be manifested in many ways: hom

13、esickness, boredom, stereotyping of or hostility towards the host culture, overeating or overdrinking, withdrawal, and inability to work effectively.D Different people experience different levels of culture shock and react in different ways. For example, Eliza got angry while Yoshi withdrew from soc

14、iety. The most important thing to remember is that culture shock is normal: it is not something to be ashamed of. Luckily, there are some things international students can do to make their adjustment to a new country go more smoothly. For instance, they can stay in touch with family and friends from

15、 home, join international student organizations, meet people from their own countries, and get involved in campus activities. Most importantly, they can adjust to life abroad by keeping a sense of humor and trying to remain positive.Recognizing Paragraph Topics (choose the paragraph letter) 題目27. an

16、 explanation of culture shock選擇一項：c. c題目38. ways that students can adjust to living in a new country 選擇一項：DD題目49. the experience of an international student in the United States 選擇一項：B. B題目510. the experience of an international student in China選擇一項：A. AChapter 2Exercise (分值 7 分)題目1I. Vocabulary Ski

17、lls (2 points)Sometimes examples can explain the meaning of a word or phrase. For example, sun, rain, and wind are examples of kinds of weather. Look at the columns below. Match each vocabulary word or phrase in the first column with the examples in the second column. (0. 4 points each)1. kinds of e

18、xtreme weather2. Earth' s natural materials and gases3. diseases or health disorders4. seasons of the year5. natural areas or regions of the earth答案：1 .kinds of extreme weatherblizzards, tornadoes, hurricanes, floods, droughts #2.Earth's natural materials and gasescoal. oil. carbon, dioxide

19、air. water* /3 diseases or health disordersstroke, asthma, influenza, pneumonia, headaches t /4 i seasons of the yearWinter, spring； summer, falls v5 natural areas or regions of the earthoceans, seas, islands, deserts, forestse 寸IL Reading Comprehension (5 points)Complete the following statements by

20、 choosing the best from the answers A, B or C. (1 point each)Seasonal Affective Disorder: More than Just the BluesA Joshua dreads the winter months, not only because of the cold New England weather一一the sleet, snow, wind, and rain一一but because as the seasons change from summer to fall to winter, the

21、 days get shorter. As thedays get shorter, he starts feeling depressed and irritable and spends more and more time at home, eating and sleeping. A graduate student in philosophy, Joshua finds that he gets little work done during the winter months and has trouble paying attention in class and concent

22、rating on his research. I soon realized that what I thought was just the 'winter blues， was something more extreme than that. Josh visited a doctor who diagnosed him with SAD.B Seasonal Affective Disorder, or SAD, is a kind of depression that occurs seasonally. It is associated with the long hou

23、rs of darkness and lack of sunlight during the winter months (people with SAD usually feel worse from December through February). Scientists don't completely understand the exact causes of SAD, but they believe it is related to a biochemical imbalance in the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is the

24、 basic part of the brain that controls the body's breathing, heartbeat, metabolism, and hormone release. The effects of SAD include moodiness, irritability, low energy, increased appetite for carbohydrates (foods such as potatoes, rice, and bread), difficulty concentrating, and the tendency to o

25、versleep.C Although doctors described SAD for the first time in 1984, humans have probably dealt with the disorder for thousands of years. It is not a coincidence that many cultures have important celebrations during the short days of the winter months. Christmas, Hanukkah, and Winter Solstice celeb

26、rations all occur in December. These celebrations involve lighting candles in order to bring light, warmth, and happiness to an otherwise depressing time of year.D So what can SAD sufferers do to feel better? Naturally, they need more light. For people who have mild cases of SAD, exercising in the m

27、orning sun could be enough to help them. Phototherapy, or light therapy, is usually prescribed for people who have more serious cases of the disorder. In light therapy, patients sit in front of a light box, a strong artificial light, for up to four hours a day. Phototherapy is effective in over 80%

28、of SAD cases, and patients usually see results within three to four days. Although the symptoms of SAD are similar to those of clinical depression, traditional antidepressants have not proven useful in treating SAD. While psychological counseling cannot treat the symptoms of SAD, it is recommended t

29、o help SAD sufferers learn to accept and deal with their illness.題目26. Joshua starts feeling depressed and irritable in the winter because 選擇一項：B. he suffers from Seasonal Affective Disorder題目37. Seasonal Affective Disorder, or SAD, is a condition that researchers believe affects people during the w

30、inter months. Scientists believe it is caused by 選擇一項：C. lack of sunlight and a biochemical imbalance in the brain題目48. Humans have probably struggled with SAD since選擇一項：A. ancient times題目59. People who suffer from SAD can to feel better.選擇一項：A. do light therapy題目610. This passage talks about.選擇一項：B

31、 Both A and B.Chapter 3Exercise (分值 7 分)I. Reading Comprehension (5 points)Read the passages, then answer the questions that follow. (1 point each )Fast food can be good foodMany people are too busy to prepare and eat three nutritious meals a day. so they turn to the convenience of fast-food restaur

32、ants. Many of the items at fast-food restaurants, snack bars, and food stands are fattening and not very nutritious. But fast food doesn' t have to be unhealthy, you can eat at fast-food restaurants and still eat well.Pay Attention to Calories and Fat ContentBy paying attention to the number of

33、calories and fat that a food item has , you can make smarter choices. Calories are “units for measuring how much energy a food will produce" . condsider two fast-food meals. A quarter-pound hamburger with cheese, jumbo-size fries,and a 16-ounce soda have a total of 1, 535 calories and 76 grams

34、of fat a broiled (cooked under direct heat or over a flame )chicken sandwich , a side salad with low-fat dressing, and a glass of water at the same fast-food restaurant have only 422 calories and 7 grams of fat . but maybe you really want a hamburger and fries . well, you can have a small hamburger,

35、 a small serving of fries, and a glass of water. At a total of 490 calories and 20 grams of fat, that" s still a much smarter choice than the large burger , fries, and 20 grams of fat , that' s still a much smarter choice than the large burger, fries, and sada.There" s More That You Ca

36、n DoThere are a few additional things you can do to make sure you eat well in fast food restaurants. First of all, say "no" when the cashier asks you if you want to "supersize” you meal (order an extra large portion of each item). Second, ask for no mayonnaise or sauce, or ask for it

37、on the side (in a separate dish). Third, substitute (use something instead of something else)healthy foods for fatty ones- For example, instead of ordering deep-fried tempura, order fresh vegetables. Instead of ordering a beef burrito with lots of cheese and sour cream, order a vegetable burrito wit

38、h beans and rice, and don' t eat the chips!Another thing you can do is order a side salad or a vegetable soup and eat it first. That way, you will eat some vegetables, and you won' t be able to eat as much of your burger and fries. Fnally, eat slowly and stop eating when you" re full. I

39、t sounds simple, but many people keep eating even after they become full.題目11. What is the main idea of this article ?選擇一項：C. You can eat well in fast-food restaurant題目22. A small hamburger and small firies has 選擇一項：A. more calories and fat than a chicken sandwich and a salad.題目33. Some things you c

40、an do to eat well in fast-food restaurants are選擇一項：D. order healthy foods instead of fatty ones and drink water.題目44. Manyonnaise and sauces probably選擇一項：C. have a lot of fat and calories.題目55. By eating a salad or soup before the rest of your meal, 選擇一項：A. you eat less of the rest of your meal.IL V

41、ocabulary skills (2 points)Read the paragraph below and fill in each blank with a word from the box. (0. 4 points each) 題目6 changes damaging losing global availableThe growing similarities in diet and eating habits around the world are influencing people of various cultures in different ways. For ex

42、ample, Western foods are 6 damaging health in the industrialized island country of Japan. Instead of small meals of seafood, rice, and vegetables, the typical Japanese diet now includes large amounts of meat, dairy products, and desserts like tiramisu, a rich Italian dish full of chocolate, cheese,

43、and sugar. According to Japanese health researchers, such 7 changes in eating habits are related to a great increase in health problems such as heart disease, strokes, cancer, and diabetes. On the other hand, the changing 8 global diet is having the opposite effect on the people in the CzechRepublic

44、. The government of this European nation no longer supports meat and dairy products financially, so the cost of these foods is going up. In contrast, fresh fruits and vegetables are becoming more widely 9 available from private markets and stands. Cooks are even serving salads to schoolchildren, and

45、 families are eating healthier home-cooked meals. For these reasons, fewer Czech men are having heart attacks, the women are 10 losing a lot of weight, and most people are living healthier lives.Chapter 4Exercise (分值 7 分I. Vocabulary Skills (2 points)題目1Match each vocabulary word on the left with th

46、e correct definition on the right. (0. 4 points each)1. make sense2. pedestrians3. vehicle4. teenager5. fine答案：1 make senseto be reasonable or necessary2.pedestrianspeople traveling on foot walking3 vehiclesomething like a car or truck used to transport people4 .teenagera person over 12 and under 20

47、 years old5 .finemoney to be paid as a punishmentIL Reading Comprehension (5 points)Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B, C, or D. (1 point each) These days, it' s getting easier and easier to find your way around. Some people have GPS devices in their car

48、s to make sure they don' t get lost. GPS stands for Global Positioning System. These devices use satellitesin space to "see” where you are and give you directions to where you want to go. And if you don' t have a GPS device, you can simply go online to get step-by-step directions. Websi

49、tes like MapQ and mappoint, msn. com can produce a map and directions in just a few seconds. But how do they do it?MapQuest® uses data (information) from a few different sources to produce directions and maps. Before MapQuest® went online, it sold regular paper maps in places like gas stat

50、ions. The website uses the data from those paper maps, information from digital mapping companies, and government databases. At the moment, MapQuest® uses more than 30 computers to read all this data and provides users with millions of maps every day.In order to find the best route (way or path

51、) from one place to another, MapQuest® first has to look at all possible routes. Then MapQuest® looks at each part of each possible route. It considers the types of roads on the different routes. Are they dirt roads, paved roads, freeways, or city streets? It looks at how many turns there

52、are in each route and what kinds of turns they are. Are they right turns or left turns? It also considers the speed limit on each road and how many intersections there are. An intersection is “a place where two or more roads cross each other” .MapQuest® can also tell you how long your trip will

53、 take you. It does this by doing some math. MapQuest® bases its estimated driving times on the length and speed limit of each part of the route and the amount of time it probably takes to get through each intersection. For example, it allows more time for a left turn at an intersection than it

54、does for a right turn. Someday, maybe we will have cars that can just drive us wherever we want to go, but for now, mapping websites make it a little harder to get lost.題目26. What is the main idea of this article?選擇一項：C. How mapping websites work.題目37. According to the article, MapQuest®選擇一項：D.

55、 starting by selling paper maps.題目48. When you search for directions, the first thing MapQuest® does is選擇一項：D. look at all possible paths.題目59. When it' s deciding on the best route, MapQuest® probably chooses 選擇一項：C. freeways instead of dirt roads.題目610. To estimate your driving time,

56、 MapQuest® considers 選擇一項：D. the speed limits and types of turns on your route.Chapter 5Exercise (分值 7 分)I. Reading Comprehension (5 points)Read the five main-idea questions that follow about the information in the reading. Three details correctly answer each question. Cross out the untrue, unr

57、elated detail. (1 point each )題目11. What are the definitions of the two main types of families?選擇一項：D. The nuclear family is the same as the extended family.題目22. What are the reasons for the changes in the structure of the family?選擇一項：A. The divorce rate went down and the birthrate began to rise in

58、 the early 1900s in the United States. 題目33. What happened to families in industrialized countries in the 1930s and 1940s?選擇一項：A. Before and during World War II, families faced few financial problems and women didn' t have to work away from home.題目44. What changes will happen to family structure

59、 during the next decades?選擇一項：D. After the war, there were more divorces and fewer stay-home-mothers.題目55. What will families be like in the future?選擇一項：B. Two-parent family will probably come back and all other family forms will end.IL Vocabulary Skills (2 points)Read the paragraph below and fill in each blank with a word from the box. ( 0. 4 points ea