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1、2020年中考英語復(fù)習(xí)之重點(diǎn)核心詞匯詳解專題十三Q、R字部1. quietHZDadj.安靜的,寂靜的用法:表示“輕聲的,安靜的”,形容聲音很小,常用短語有 be quiet/keep quiet保持安靜。用來形容人,表示“寡言少語的,文靜的”,形容環(huán)境,表示“僻靜的,清凈的”。例如:They lead a quiet life.他們過著平靜的生活。She was quiet and shy.她文靜而又靦腆。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:quietly adv.安靜地;秘密地;quietness n.平靜,安靜易混單詞:quite adv完全;十分工(2019,江蘇卷,單項(xiàng)填空)3.- Keep quiet! I

2、 need complete when Im working.-Sorry dad. I wont make any noise again.A. trust B. silence C. control D. strength(2019, 江蘇卷, 閱讀填空)The effects of falling asleep in class can be quite serious.2. raceEZDn.競(jìng)賽,賽跑;種族,民族關(guān)聯(lián)詞組: human race人類;horse race賽馬;boat/car race戈U船/汽車比賽;用法:表示“賽跑,競(jìng)賽”,指競(jìng)速比賽;常用搭配有 race bet

3、ween A and B、race against sb.等。例如:Hes already in training for the big race against Bailey. 為了跟貝利一決雌雄,他已經(jīng)著手訓(xùn)練了。表示“人種,種族;民族:people of mixed race混合種族的人詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:racist n.種族主義者;racism n.種族主義;racial adj.種族的工或尊fGi(2019,江蘇卷,填空)44. John will have to run very fast to(打破)the school 100metre race record in the spor

4、ts meeting.3. raiseEZDv.提升,使升高;增加;飼養(yǎng).累直酰用法:表示“提升,舉起,提起”:She raised her eyes from her work. 她停下工作,抬起頭看了看。表示“增加,提高(數(shù)量,水平)”,短語有 raise sth. to sth.表示“增加到”例如:They raised their price to $500.他們將價(jià)格抬高到 500 沒元。表示“飼養(yǎng);撫養(yǎng)(孩子,動(dòng)物),相當(dāng)于 bring up:They were both raised in the South.他們倆都是在南方長(zhǎng)大的。同義詞:lift v.舉起,才B起;incre

5、ase v.增力口(2019, 浙江卷,閱讀 B) Raise one knee at a time. Lift your knee higher than you usually do when you are running.4. reach|鄧上v.到達(dá);伸手(腳)夠到;實(shí)現(xiàn),達(dá)到用法:O 表示“到達(dá),抵達(dá)“,reach=get to=arrive at/in ;例如:They didnt reach the village until after dark. 他們天黑以后才到達(dá)村莊。表示“夠得著”,例如:Can you reach the light switch from where

6、 youre sitting?從你坐的地方夠得著燈的開關(guān)嗎?表示“實(shí)現(xiàn),達(dá)到”,指目標(biāo)。例如:reach a conclusion/decision 得出結(jié)論; 作出決定; reach an agreement 達(dá)成一致詞形轉(zhuǎn)換:reachable adj.可獲得的,可達(dá)成的工工事:51(2019,山東卷,詞形轉(zhuǎn)換)65. A team of climbers from Peking University reached the top of the worlds mountain, Qomolangma, on May 15, 2018. (high)5. realZZDadj.真實(shí)的,確實(shí)

7、的關(guān)聯(lián)詞組:real friend真朋友;real name真實(shí)姓名;real love真愛;real life現(xiàn)實(shí)生活用法:表示“真的,真正的”,指非人造的。例如:She had never seen a real live elephant before.她以前從未見過活生生的大象。表示“真實(shí)的”,指實(shí)際存在的,非編造、想象的。例如:Dreams can sometimes seem very real. 夢(mèng)境有時(shí)顯得非常真實(shí)。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:reallyadv.實(shí)際上;確實(shí);真正地; reality n.現(xiàn)實(shí);realis(z)e v.實(shí)現(xiàn);認(rèn)識(shí)到(2019 ,北京卷,閱讀 B) Over t

8、hree weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go-kart and painted it light blue.6. receiveE;年幽v收到,得到用法:是及物動(dòng)詞,可表示“接到,收到”,指收到信件、消息、電話等;還可表示“得到,收到”,相當(dāng)于 get; 常用搭配為 receive sth. from sb.:He received a letter from the bank.他收到銀行寄來的一封信。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:reception n.接待;接收;receiver n.接收器;接受者2 2

9、019 , 浙江卷,閱讀 C) A receiver and amplifier to receive the radio waves from the sub-reflector, and make these weak radio waves strong enough to be recorded and turned into electronic signals.7. record聲比西n.記錄:唱片;v.記錄關(guān)聯(lián)詞組: world record 世界名己錄; record holder 2己錄保持者;medical record 病歷名詞用法:表示“記錄,記載;檔案”,后常跟介詞o

10、f。例如:I try to keep a record of everything I spend. 我盡量把所有的花銷者B記錄下來。表示“(體育運(yùn)動(dòng)等的)記錄“: keep/break the record保持/打破記錄 動(dòng)詞用法:表示“記錄”,除了接名詞,還可接從句。例如:He recorded that the operation was successful. 他在t己錄里說手術(shù)彳艮成功。表示“錄制”,如錄音、錄像等。例如:I ll record the film and we can all watch it later. 我會(huì)把電影錄下來,我們稍后可以一起看。熟詞僻義:名詞reco

11、rd還可以在音樂領(lǐng)域表示“唱片”。例如:I spent a lot of time listening to records. 我花了 很多時(shí)間聽唱片。關(guān)聯(lián)單詞:recorder n.錄音機(jī); 記錄員工工牙位1(2019,江蘇卷,填空) 44. John will have to run very fast to (打破)the school 100 metre racerecord in the sports meeting.8. refuseI E;戀/v.拒絕.不愿用法:refuse sth表示“不接受(別人給東西); refuse to do sth.拒絕做某事。例如:She refu

12、sed a second piece of cake.她謝絕了 第二塊蛋糕。Mom refused to go back into the hospital. 媽媽拒絕再進(jìn)醫(yī)院。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:refusal n.拒絕工工不齒1(2019,江蘇卷,閱讀 D)40. What may happen next according to Scene I?A. Amram will refuse to leave the Qucen s palace.B. Zahrah will certainly keep the purple silk for herself.C. King Solomon will

13、test whether Amram s story is true.D. The Queen will pay a visit to King Solomon s country.9. regretZZDn.&v. Mtt;遺憾名詞用法:是可數(shù)名詞;常見搭配有with regret遺憾地;to sb s regret某人感到遺憾的是。例如:I decided with regret that it was time to leave.我遺憾地作出決定,該是我離開的時(shí)候了。I lost touch with her, much to my regret. 很遺憾的是,我和她失去了聯(lián)系。動(dòng)詞用法

14、:C1表示“后悔(做了某事),可用于 regret doing sth.或regret that結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:I regret leaving school so young. 我后悔那么早就輟學(xué)。C2常在正式信函或聲明中使用,表示“對(duì)感到抱歉(遺憾)。常用regret to say短語。例如:I regret to say that you have failed in the exam.我很抱歉地告訴你,你考試沒及格。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:regretful adj.后悔的,遺憾的;regretfullyadj.懊悔地;遺憾地ve learned that things(2019, d匕京卷, 完形)

15、I don regret putting time and energy into the election because I aren t always going the way I expect.10. relationn.關(guān)系;殺屬關(guān)聯(lián)詞組:in relation to 關(guān)于; 涉及; public relation 公共關(guān)系;international relation 國(guó)際關(guān)系用法:通常以復(fù)數(shù)形式relations出現(xiàn),表示“(人、國(guó)家、組織等之間的)關(guān)系“,可與介詞with或between搭配使用。例如:Relations between the two countries h

16、ave improved recently. 最近兩國(guó)關(guān)系有所改善。表示“(事物之間的)聯(lián)系”,常接 between這個(gè)介詞。例如:the relation between prices and wages 物價(jià)和工資之間的聯(lián)系表示“家人、親戚”。例如:We have relations in Canada and Scotland.我們?cè)诩幽么蠛吞K格蘭都有親戚。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:related adj.有關(guān)系的,有關(guān)聯(lián)的;relative adj.相對(duì)的;n.親戚易混單詞:relationship n.關(guān)系:relation側(cè)重形式上的關(guān)聯(lián),而 relationship卻側(cè)重密切的交往。例如:Joh

17、ns relation with Mary is father and daughter.約翰和瑪麗是父女關(guān)系。Johns relationship with Mary has improved.約翰和瑪麗的關(guān)系已改善了。(2019, 北京卷,閱讀 A) And a close relationship has developed between us.11. relaxI E;遼v.(使)放松,輕松關(guān)聯(lián)詞組:relax oneself放松某人自己用法:表示“放松”,指休息。例如:I just want to sit down and relax. 我只想坐下來休息一下。表示“放心,鎮(zhèn)定”,指

18、情緒。例如:Relax! Everything s fine.放松點(diǎn)! 一切都很好。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:relaxed adj.放松的;4閑的;relaxation n.放松,緩和;消遣(2019,山東卷,詞形轉(zhuǎn)換)61. I felt lying in the sun on the beach. ( relax)12. remainI*三v.余下,留下;保持,仍是關(guān)聯(lián)詞組:it remains to be seen尚不確定,說不準(zhǔn);remain unchanged 保持不變用法:。作連系動(dòng)詞,表示“繼續(xù),依然,保持”;后接表語成分或as。例如:The boy remained silent.男孩依然默

19、不做聲。John remained as manager, though many people lost their jobs.盡管很多人失業(yè), 但約翰還是保住了經(jīng)理的位子。作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,表示“剩下,留存”,為不及物動(dòng)詞。例如:Little of the traditional culture remains. 傳統(tǒng)文化已經(jīng)所剩無幾。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:remainder n.余數(shù);剩余物王工牙石,2 2019,江蘇卷, 閱讀填空) Since teens are probably not going to deal with the problem, falling asleep in class w

20、ill probably remain an all-too common occurrence.13. repeat |USIESv.重說,重寫;重做,重復(fù)用法:表示“重說,重寫“,常用repeat oneself短語或接從句。例如:Elderly people tend to repeat themselves. 老年人說話往往重復(fù)。表示“重復(fù)做某事”,例如:We must not repeat the mistakes of the past.我們不能再犯以前的錯(cuò)誤。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:repetition n.重復(fù);repeated adj.再三的,反復(fù)的;repeatedly adv.再三地,

21、反復(fù)地2 2019 ,北京卷,閱讀 D) Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective, but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process.14. reportZSE0v.&n.報(bào)道,報(bào)告名詞詞組: news report新聞報(bào)道; weather report天氣預(yù)報(bào); research report研究報(bào)告動(dòng)詞用法:表示“匯報(bào),報(bào)告”,指工作;可作及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞,常用短語有report (on

22、 sth.) (to sb.)或reportsth. (to sb.)等。例如:Ive asked him to report on his progress to me. 我要求他向我匯報(bào)工作進(jìn)展情況。,表示“報(bào)道(新聞事件等),常接 that從句。例如:Reporters in New York reported that seven people had been killed.紐約的記者報(bào)道說有七人遭到殺害。關(guān)聯(lián)單詞:reporter n.記者;通訊員工工t;&1(2019,山東卷,詞匯運(yùn)用)43 He to hand in his science report last week.1

23、5. requireEEBv需求,要求用法:O表示“需要(某物),依靠“,相當(dāng)于 need;可直接街賓語,可用于require sb./sth. to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:If you require further information, you should ask the teacher.True friendship requires us to be honest to each other.真正的友誼需要我們彼此坦誠(chéng)。表示“要求”,多指法律或規(guī)則的規(guī)定;常用 be required to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:You are required by law to fol

24、low the traffic rules.法律規(guī)定要遵守交通規(guī)則。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:requirement n.要求;必要條件;required adj.必須的工工扇(2019,山東卷,單項(xiàng)填空)21. Tennis can exercise all of our muscles (肌肉).And it requires to spend time with others. This isB. usC. wegood for our health too.A. ours16. restn.休息;剩余部分;其余的人(物)v.休息,歇息關(guān)聯(lián)詞組:have a (good) rest (好好)休息一會(huì)兒;

25、rest in peace安息;all the rest其他一切名詞用法:O表示休息,常和動(dòng)詞have或take搭配。例如:You look tired! Why don t you take a rest?你看上去很累!為什么不休息一下呢?C2表示“剩余部分;余下的人或物”,常以 the rest形式出現(xiàn),后面接介詞of。例如:He ll stay in prison for the rest of his life.他的余生將在監(jiān)獄度過。動(dòng)詞用法:只作不及物動(dòng)詞,表示“休息,歇息”,相當(dāng)于 relax。例如:If you re tired, we ll stop and rest for

26、a while.如果你累了,我們就停下來歇一會(huì)兒。C2表示“支撐,(使)倚靠”,無論作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞,其后通常要接副詞或介詞短語;常用于rest (sth.)against/on sth.表示“(把)靠(倚)在。例如:Rest your head on my shoulder.把你的頭靠在我的肩上。不工牙位1(2019,北京卷,完形) For the rest of the day, I felt like it was over.17. result西第Ein.結(jié)果.效果關(guān)聯(lián)詞組:final result最終結(jié)果;結(jié)局;test result實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果用法:可表示因?yàn)槟呈露l(fā)生的“結(jié)果,后果

27、”;也可表示體育運(yùn)動(dòng)、選舉、實(shí)驗(yàn)或考試等的“結(jié)果,成績(jī)”等。其后常接介詞of;常用短語有as a result (of sth.)。例如:His high score in the exam was a result of hard work. 考試取得高分是他努力學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)果。He made one big mistake. As a result, he lost his job. 他犯了個(gè)大錯(cuò),結(jié)果丟了工作。工工后12 2019 , 北京卷,閱讀 D) The collapse of any of the networks of relations our well-being(健康)de

28、pends upon,such as food and energy, would produce terrible results.18. return|直至v.歸還;回歸關(guān)聯(lián)詞組:the world population 世界人口;population size 人口規(guī)模;population growth 人 口增長(zhǎng)用法:作及物動(dòng)詞,表示歸還,相當(dāng)于 give back ,因此return后面不再接back;常用于return sth. to sth/sb. 結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:I must return some books to the library.我得把一些書還給圖書館。作不及物動(dòng)詞,

29、表示“返回,回來,回去”,相當(dāng)于 come back或go back,同理return后面不再接back; 常用于return (to ) (from 的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:When did she return home from the trip? 她是什么時(shí)候旅行回來的?I !1期由(2019年,湖北卷,完形)I felt very excited yesterday 50 the taxi driver came back to return the money in person.50.A. becauseB. because ofC. even if D. if19. review;遼n.

30、復(fù)習(xí);評(píng)論;v.復(fù)習(xí),回顧;重新調(diào)查 用法:review即可作名詞,也可作動(dòng)詞,名詞和動(dòng)詞的意義基本一致。C1表示“溫習(xí),復(fù)習(xí)”,尤指為考試而準(zhǔn)備。例如:When you review your lessons, mark the places which you do not understand. 當(dāng)你們復(fù)習(xí)功課的時(shí)候, 遇至U不懂 的地方把它們標(biāo)出來。I must have a review of all the lessons for the final exam.為了期末考試,我必須把所有功課復(fù)習(xí)一遍。C2名詞review還可用來表示“(報(bào)紙或雜志上的)評(píng)論,書評(píng),影評(píng)”,后常接of

31、;動(dòng)詞review則表示“寫評(píng)論”。例如:The newspaper published a review of her book.報(bào)紙刊登了一篇對(duì)她的書的評(píng)論。表示 “審查,評(píng)審”,名詞短語有under review carry out a review 等。例如:We will review your situation and decide how we can help you.我們會(huì)研究你的情況,然后決定如何幫助你。This new policy is under review.這項(xiàng)新政策正在評(píng)審中。關(guān)聯(lián)單詞:reviewer n.評(píng)論者,評(píng)論家工工事:51(2019年,江蘇卷,單項(xiàng)

32、填空)4. 一 I m not sure what to write about The Secret Garden in the report一You should read some about the book before writing .A. reviews B. reasons C. results D. rewards20. richBZDadj.富裕的,有錢的;豐富的用法:表示“富有的”,指擁有許多錢;常用 the rich短語作名詞,表示“有錢人”,是復(fù)數(shù)概念。例如:one of the richest women in the world 世界上最富有的女人之Its a

33、favourite place for the rich. 這是富人最喜歡去的地方。表示“富含的”,指某物質(zhì)含量大;常用 be rich in短語。例如:Oranges are rich in vitamin C.橘子含有豐富的維生素C。表示“豐富多彩的,非常有趣的”,相當(dāng)于 colorful或interesting o例如:The city has a very rich history.這個(gè)城市有著非常燦爛的歷史。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:richlyadv.豐富地;富裕地;richness n.豐富,富裕反義詞:poor adj.貧窮的;貧瘠的工工二)(2019 年,浙江卷,閱讀 D) I met Th

34、eophile Magnan, a retired, rich , old man from Lyons yesterday.21. rightHZEDadj.對(duì)的,正確的;合適白右(邊)的;n.右(邊);權(quán)利;adv.正好;立即;向右,朝右形容詞用法:C1表示“正確的,對(duì)的,如實(shí)的”,相當(dāng)于 correct;表示“合適的,恰當(dāng)?shù)模喈?dāng)于 suitableo例如:His ideas have now been proved right.他的觀點(diǎn)現(xiàn)已證明是對(duì)的。I think shes just the right person for the job.我認(rèn)為她就是這份工作的合適人選。C2表示“

35、右邊的,右側(cè)的”,僅置于名詞之前。例如:He had a knife in his right hand. 他右手拿著一把刀。副詞用法:C1表示“正好(在某個(gè)地方或位置)”,表示一種強(qiáng)調(diào);常用于 right here/there或right+介詞短語。例如:She was standing right in the middle of the room.她就站在房間的正中央。CD表示“立刻,馬上“,常見于 right away= immediately , right after等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:I ll phone him right away.我馬上就打電話給他。名詞用法:表示“右邊,右方,右

36、側(cè)”,常見搭配有 on/to the right (of sth.) , on/to sb s right。例如:Our car is just to the right of that tree.我們的車就在那棵樹的右側(cè)。熟詞僻義:right作名詞時(shí),還可表示權(quán)利;常用the right to sth.表示的權(quán)利;用have the/no rightto do sth.結(jié)構(gòu),表示“有/沒有權(quán)利做某事”。例如:Everyone should have the right to the freedom of choice. 每個(gè)人都應(yīng)有自 由選擇的權(quán)禾 1。He has no right to

37、speak to me like that!他無權(quán)那樣對(duì)我說話!詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:rightlyadv.正確地;合適地反義詞:left adj.左(邊)的;adv.向左,朝左;n.左(邊);wrong adj.錯(cuò)誤的皿直31(2019年,江蘇卷,完形)The Hill family owned the rights to the melody and had to be 25 every time the song was part of a commercial 商業(yè)的)production.25.A. paidB. praisedC. invitedD. warned22. ringEi第*v.(

38、鐘、鈴等)響;打電話;n.鈴聲;電話;環(huán)形物(環(huán)、圈、戒指等)詞形變化:過去式 rang,過去分詞rung關(guān)聯(lián)詞組:ring road環(huán)形公路;gold ring金戒指;ring finger無名指;ring the bell按門鈴;鳴鐘 動(dòng)詞用法:及物動(dòng)詞,表示“按鈴,敲鐘”;不及物動(dòng)詞,表示“鈴響”。例如:The church bells rang.教堂的鐘聲響了。I rang the doorbell but no one came. 我按了 門鈴,但沒有人來。與打電話相關(guān),表示“電話鈴響”或“(給)打電話”,相當(dāng)于 call。例如:I was going to ring you, but I don t have your number. 我想給你打電話,但沒有你的電話號(hào)碼。名詞用法:C1表示戒指,或環(huán)狀、圈狀物,例如 wedding ring結(jié)婚戒指;onion rings洋蔥圈表示“鈴聲,鐘聲”等,例如 There was a ring of the bell.鈴響了。C3give sb. a ring(=call)結(jié)構(gòu)表示“給某人打電話”,例如:I ll give you a ring later

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